Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besancon

While a significant percentage of women in France have difficult pregnancies and negative childbirth experiences, there is still lack of documentation on the impact of these traumatic experiences on maternal health and mother-child relationships. Few studies have focused on the mental health of mothers, despite traumatic experiences being a risk factor for post-traumatic stress, depressive disorders, and suicide. The findings also highlights the maternal withdrawals and intrusions in interaction with the child, which are associated with guilt and feelings of helplessness, a risk to the emotional regulation of the child. Additionally, avoidance symptoms resulting from traumatic experiences delay mothers' seeking help and the early management of dysfunctional interactions. Therefore, assessing the mother-child interactions is important in understanding perinatal psychopathology.

Craniostenosis is a congenital disorder caused by early fusion of the cranial sutures between the skull bones, resulting in orbito-naso-frontal deformities. The damage is primarily aesthetic, but intracranial hypertension may also be observed.
The treatment of craniostenosis involves surgery, to restore harmonious growth between the skull bones and the brain, and proper development of the latter.
There are various surgical techniques for correction, based on remodeling of the upper forehead and the orbito-naso-frontal band (BONF). However, BONF reshaping is difficult to tailor to each individual child. In most cases, the surgeon performs the reshaping "freehand", without a template. The result is therefore subject to the surgeon's experience and judgment.
A surgical instrument (template) has been developed to guide the surgeon in the ideal reshaping of the BONF in patients with anterior craniostenosis (anterior plagiocephaly and trigonocephaly), according to each child's specific morphology.
The aim of EPBONF research is to evaluate the benefits of using this template on the symmetry and angle of the BONF.

Panendoscopy is a common procedure that requires deep and short anesthesia. The main challenge is the sharing of the airway between the anesthesia team and the surgical team. There are several methods to ensure oxygenation during this type of procedure: oro-tracheal intubation, jet ventilation, spontaneous ventilation anesthesia, apneic ventilation with intermittent face mask ventilation. There is no consensus regarding the best airway management technique for this procedure. Regardless of the method chosen to ensure oxygenation during this procedure, the risk of hypoxemia during desaturation episodes is significant.
However, the use of HFNO seems to show a prolongation of apnea time without desaturations (< 90% SpO2) and seems to allow the performance of panendocoscopies.
In the Besançon University Hospital, since 2017, all panendoscopies are performed with HFNO. Before 2017, panendoscopies were performed under face mask ventilation. The main of the study hypothesis is that HFNO brought a gain in terms of safety, especially on the desaturation rate compared to face mask ventilation.
The investigators will carry out a quasi-experimental study comparing two periods. The first period concerns the years 2015-2016. It aims to study patients who had panendoscopies performed under FMV. The second period covers the years 2018-2019. It aims to study patients who had panendoscopies performed under HFNO.
The year 2017 is considered as the washout period necessary to avoid the learning effect of the HFNO introduced during that year.