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Disease Domain	Count

Neoplasms	2

Top 5 Drug Type	Count

Monoclonal antibody	2

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DAF(Complement decay-accelerating factor)	1
TM4SF4(transmembrane 4 L six family member 4)	1

Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths, with therapeutic resistance and limited treatment options posing significant challenges. This study investigated the anticancer properties of isoquinocycline B (IQCB), an anthraquinone derivative obtained from a freshwater sponge microbiome Micromonospora sp. MS-62 (FBCC-B8445), against the MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line. IQCB showed the greatest activity against cytotoxicity with an IC₅₀ values of 9.2 ± 1.0 μM. IQCB treatment led to G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through mitochondrial pathways by suppressing cyclin D1/CDK4 expression, enhancing p27 levels, and reducing phosphorylated Akt levels. Furthermore, IQCB induced oxidative stress by promoting excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, thereby activating JNK and p38-MAPK signaling while simultaneously inhibiting ERK phosphorylation. Apoptotic markers such as PARP cleavage and caspase-3 activation confirmed that mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis was a key mechanism of action. These results highlight the potential of IQCB as a therapeutic candidate for breast cancer and underscore the need for further research to explore its efficacy and mechanisms.

01 Aug 2025·Applied Radiation and Isotopes

Disinfection of fungus using X-ray irradiation for the preservation of contaminated organic artifacts of traditional heritage

Article

Author: Park, Hae-Jun ; Jo, Gyeong-Seo ; Park, Min-Goo ; Kwak, Yeong-Hyeok

In disaster situations such as tsunamis, floods, and typhoons, fungal contamination can significantly intensify within 48 h of submersion, rapidly spreading and damaging the value and structural integrity of organic cultural heritage artifacts. Consequently, the application of radiation-based disinfection has been increasingly studied as an effective method for prompt and reliable treatment. In most cases, the fungal species were successfully eradicated at a radiation dose of 5 kGy (gamma rays). Nevertheless, certain fungal strains demonstrated high resistance and survived even at doses ranging from 10 to 15 kGy, making disinfection more challenging. Notably, differences in threshold disinfection doses between gamma rays and electron beams (E-beams) have been reported. Therefore, this study investigated the threshold dose of X-ray radiation required to disinfect representative fungi that damage organic cultural heritage artifacts, including Epicoccum nigrum (high radiation resistance), Cladosporium cladosporioides (moderate resistance), and Aspergillus niger (common resistance). E. nigrum was effectively controlled at a dose of 12.5 kGy, while C. cladosporioides was controlled at 7.5 kGy and A. niger was controlled within the 5 kGy range. The results of this study suggest that at least 12.5 kGy of X-ray radiation should be used to preserve waterlogged traditional Korean art pieces after flooding or other water disasters.

01 Jul 2025·Environmental Research

Seasonal variation of groundwater quality and potential risks in U-bearing formations revealed from hydrogeological-microbiological investigation

Article

Author: Jeen, Sung-Wook ; Lee, Kang-Kun ; Kim, Jiyoon ; Lee, Sanghoon ; Joun, Won-Tak ; Kim, Ye Ji ; Lee, Suh-Ho ; Ha, Seung-Wook ; Ryu, Ji-Hun ; Kim, Jaeyeon

This study investigates the influence of hydrological and microbial conditions on uranium (U) mobility, water quality, and associated health risks in U-bearing formations near a lake in South Korea. Since 2021, natural analogue studies have been conducted to ensure the safety of geological disposal of spent nuclear fuels. The study site experiences two distinct seasons: dry and wet. Using a combination of radon, strontium isotopes, noble gases, microbial community analysis, and flow system modeling, the study examines seasonal variations in groundwater characteristics. Results show that U concentrations are low in subsurface environments under reduced conditions, which is supported by low dissolved oxygen levels and the presence of Pseudomonas and Clostridium genera. In deeper wells, radiogenic ⁴He was detected, indicating the decay of ²³⁸U. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and ²³⁴U/²³⁸U activity ratios suggest mixing between water bodies at shallow depths during the wet season, along with longer residence times indicated by radon. Flow velocity was higher during the wet season. Health risks from U exposure were generally low due to limited U mobility, but shallow groundwater was classified as undrinkable, especially during the wet season. The study demonstrates that U mobility is seasonally controlled by hydrological and microbial conditions, highlighting the importance of dual indices-groundwater quality and health risks-for effective water management. These findings are crucial for evaluating the safety of geological disposal of radionuclides under varying hydrological conditions.

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Pipeline

Pipeline Snapshot as of 13 May 2025

The statistics for drugs in the Pipeline is the current organization and its subsidiaries are counted as organizations,Early Phase 1 is incorporated into Phase 1, Phase 1/2 is incorporated into phase 2, and phase 2/3 is incorporated into phase 3

Discovery

2

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