Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz

The goal of this clinical trial is to assess whether a multifactorial active case-finding strategy improves the detection of leprosy cases in Brazil compared to usual screening practices. The main questions it aims to answer are:
- Does the intervention increase the number of new leprosy cases detected compared to standard care?
Participants will:
* Receive community awareness about leprosy.
* Be screened using the Leprosy Suspicion Questionnaire at priority areas identified by georeference tools.
* Undergo clinical evaluation by a trained medical team
* If leprosy is diagnosed, affected patients will collect complementary laboratory exams
Healthcare professionals from primary care units will receive training in leprosy, while researchers will monitor changes in leprosy incidence over a 12-month period using data from Brazil's national notification system. The study will provide insights into underdiagnosis and the clinical profiles of diagnosed patients.

Rectal cancer is one of the most frequent malignant tumors nowadays. There are several possible treatment options including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery. Surgery for early stage rectal cancer can be either a radical surgery (RS) or a local excision (LE).
A radical surgery removes the rectum including the tumor and the lymph nodes through which it spreads, improving survival but with a possible impact in the patients quality of life (QoL). A local excision only removes the tumor and a safety margin of healthy rectum. This has the potential to avoid the possible complications and QoL decrease. However there are some complications after a LE and also poor prognostic factors inherent to the tumor biology that can lead the surgical team to perform a RS after LE with worse outcomes. These are impossible to know before the procedure.
The goal of this registry is to determine the frequency of these poor prognostic biological factors and complications in patients undergoing LE for early rectal cancer.
The main question it aims to answer are:
• How frequently does LE allow for rectum preservation?
Participants will undergo LE for early rectal cancer when it is considered the best treatment by their surgeons according to their expertise and protocols. Patients will follow the standard treatment that would be given to them, and the biological prognostic factors and the appearance of complications will be recorded.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate if surface disinfection with organosilane associated with traditional cleaning reduces the incidence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in intensive care units when compared with traditional cleaning alone.