Shenzhen Zhonghe Headway BIO Sci & Tech Co. Ltd.

Due to the growing environmental and health concerns surrounding bisphenol S (BPS) as a common bisphenol A (BPA) substitute, this study investigated the metabolic pathways and tissue-specific accumulation of BPS in flowering cabbage under hydroponic conditions, revealing key insights into plant detoxification processes and potential human health risks. Over a 32-day exposure of 5 mg L^{-1 14}C-BPS, 60.2 ± 3.0 % of ¹⁴C in the nutrient solution was taken up, with the ¹⁴C-radioactivity accounting for 40.2 ± 2.6 %, 5.3 ± 0.3 %, and 14.5 ± 0.6 % in roots, stems, and leaves, respectively. Older leaves retained higher levels of BPS and/or its metabolites. Using HPLC-LSC, LC-MS/MS, and subcellular fractionation, we identified four metabolites, characterized by glycosylation, malonylation, sulfation, and amino acid conjugation pathways. BPS and its metabolites were primarily located in the cell wall, plastid, and soluble component. The segregation of BPS and metabolites into the cell wall and plastid resulted in the formation of large amounts of non-extractable residues in roots. Results highlight that BPS metabolites, particularly glycosylated forms like M526, may accumulate in edible plant parts. These findings advance understanding of BPS metabolism in plants, underlining the potential food safety risks posed by its uptake and metabolism in agricultural systems.

Bisphenol S (BPS), being structurally similar to bisphenol A (BPA), has been widely used as an alternative to BPA in industrial applications. However, in-depth studies on the environmental behavior and fate of BPS in various soils have been rarely reported. Here, ¹⁴C-labeled BPS was used to investigate its mineralization, bound residues (BRs) formation and extractable residues (ERs) in three soils for 64 days. Significant differences were found in the dissipation rates of BPS in three soils with different pH values. The dissipation of BPS followed pseudo first-order kinetics with half-lives (T_1/2) of 15.2 ± 0.1 d, 27.0 ± 0.2 d, 180.4 ± 5.3 d, and 280.5 ± 3.3 d in the alkaline soil (fluvo-aquic soil, FS), the neutral soil (cinnamon soil, CS), the acidic soil (red soil, RS), and sterilized cinnamon soil (CS-S), respectively. The mineralization and BRs formation contributed the most to the dissipation of BPS in soil. BPS was persistent in acidic soil, and may pose a significant threat to plants grown in acidic soils. Additionally, soil microorganisms played a key role in BPS degradation, and the organic matter content might be a major factor that promotes the adsorption and degradation of BPS in soils. Two transformed products, P-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid and methylated BPS were identified in soils. This study provides new insights into the fate of BPS in various soils, which will be useful for risk assessments of BPS in soil.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has increasingly been a serious problem worldwide. The H. pylori infection can result in a series of stomach diseases including gastric carcinoma. There are two specific virulence genes (cagA and vacA) of H. pylori that are closely related to the occurrence of gastric cancer, and the common molecular detection methods (PCR, qPCR) are not suitable for high-screening test due to the requirement of expensive instruments and well-trained personals. Herein, we develop a rapid visual assay based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for detecting H. pylori and its major virulence genes (cagA, vacAs1 and vacAm1) to guide clinical treatment for H. pylori infection. In this research, a fluorescent LAMP assay was established by optimizing the indicator of MnCl₂-Calcein, so that the resulted color and fluorescence changes could be utilized to perform the visual detection for H. pylori and its virulence genes with high sensitivity (10^-3 ng/μL). The proposed LAMP assay is simple, fast (30 min) and capable in providing more sensitive results than traditional methods in the test of 46 clinical biopsy samples. By detecting the three virulence genes together, we can profile the infection risk of the patients, and discuss the correlation among the genes. Moreover, the method could be used to diagnose virulently infected individuals and benefit the eradication of H. pylori in early warning for gastric cancer.