Karadeniz Technical University

The aim of this study is to examine the level of clinical change in gross manual skills of Parkinson's patients who receive conventional physiotherapy. For this purpose, the Box-Block Test will be used, and the amount of change that must occur in the patient's hand functions will be determined for the test to be considered clinically meaningful.
Patients will continue their routine physical therapy sessions and the researchers will not interfere with this program. The treatment program will be created by the clinical specialist physician and physiotherapist.
Upper extremity rehabilitation programs for Parkinson's patients generally consist of methods such as stretching, strengthening, reaching, coordination and recreational activities. Patients will receive physiotherapy for 30 sessions.

To determine the effect of the antistress ball, valsalva maneuver and skin cooling device, which are one of the nonpharmacological methods applied to hemodialysis patients, on the level of pain and fear of pain due to arteriovenous fistula cannulation.

The study will be conducted in the Oncology and Cardiovascular Surgery (CVS) services of a university hospital. In the research, 30 patients will constitute the control group and 30 patients will constitute the experimental group. A nurse working in the clinics where the study will be conducted will perform the PIVK procedure, and we will randomly select the control and experimental groups and apply light to the area where the PIVK will be applied to the patients in the experimental groups with a flashlight that emits infrared rays for 10 minutes. The nurse will not be aware of whether the radiation application was made to the patient or not. The veins will be evaluated by the nurse performing PIVK. We will fill out the necessary forms in ANNEX 1 (control group) and APPENDIX 2 (experimental group) while the PIVK procedure is applied. After the procedure is completed, the patient's pain, anxiety and satisfaction level during the procedure will be marked. The data will be entered into the SPSS program and evaluated with statistical tests. According to the results, the effect of IR rays used before PIVK application on the patient's pain, anxiety and satisfaction and on the procedure time spent by the nurse for the application will be determined.