Universidade do Estado da Bahia

To describe tomographic findings in a high-risk lung cancer population in resource-limited Brazilian areas, quantify pulmonary nodules and lung cancer frequency, analyze challenges in lung cancer screening within the Brazilian public health system, assess lung function in individuals with moderate or severe emphysema, and evaluate the role of community health agents in recruiting high-risk populations.

This is a prospective, single-arm, longitudinal observational study involving individuals aged 50-80 years, current or former smokers with a smoking history of at least 20 pack-years, undergoing low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) with a 12-month follow-up. Screening results are classified according to Lung-RADS v2022 standards, with those rated as 3 or 4 undergoing further diagnostic assessments. The study aims to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of lung cancer screening in socially vulnerable populations within resource-limited settings, providing essential insights to reduce mortality and improve health outcomes.

The findings will assist the development of policies on lung cancer screening in the public health system. The study's dissemination plan includes a website, social media, and participation in scientific conferences.

Standard values for static compliance of the respiratory system (Crs) ranging from 50 to 70 ml/cmH₂O lack population-specific data and may be influenced by anthropometry.

Describe Crs in ICU patients, evaluate its relationship with predicted body weight (PBW), and develop a predictive model for individualized Crs reference values based on anthropometric variables.

A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted across Brazil, involving mechanically ventilated patients. Individuals with hemodynamic instability, chest wall deformities, or intrathoracic limitations were excluded. Data collected included PBW, plateau pressure, Crs, and Driving Pressure (DP). Patients were categorized into high Crs (≥0.60 ml/cmH₂O/kg) and low Crs (<0.60 ml/cmH₂O/kg).

The study included 147 patients with mean values of Crs (38.0 ± 11.2 ml/cmH₂O), DP (10.0[8.0-11.2] cmH2O), and Crs/PBW (0.62 ± 0.1 ml/cmH₂O/kg). Between high and low Crs groups has observed statistically differences in Crs and DP values. Additionally, Crs also showed correlation with the variables age, height, PBW, Ppeak, and Pplat. Thus, it can be understood that height directly influences Crs, especially in patients with high Crs lungs. A multiple linear regression model using height, age, and sex as predictors was fitted to estimate Crs in patients with high Crs lungs, yielding an R² of 0.567 with p < 0,01.

Our study indicated that Crs in mechanically ventilated patients with near-normal elastance is associated with anthropometric data, particularly height and sex. A Crs/PBW cutoff of 0.6 ml/cmH2O/kg was established. The study also presents a preliminary model for Crs prediction.

This study aimed to develop a method for elemental determination in molasses samples by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The sample preparation occurred with a simple dilution, and the diluent solution's proportion was achieved through a simplex centroid design. For 0.200 g of sample, the components proportion was 60 % of 1.0 mol L^-1 HNO₃, 24 % of 10 % (v v^-1) H₂O₂, and 16 % of 1.0 mol L^-1 HCl. Applying the recommended dilution, the limits of detection were 0.50, 0.01, 0.02, 0.06, 0.05, 0.56, 1.20, 0.19, 0.092 mg kg^-1 for Zn, Co, Cd, Mn, Cr, Al, Na, Pb, and Cu, respectively. The procedure was applied to the analysis of cane molasses samples, and the concentrations obtained using the proposed procedure agreed with the results obtained using microwave-assisted digestion. The method was aligned with green analytical chemistry principles, achieving scores of 0.57 and 0.78 in the AGREE and AGREEprep metrics, respectively.