Sakarya University

Interspace between the Popliteal Artery and Capsule of the posterior Knee (IPACK) block involves ultrasound-guided local anesthetic infiltration of the space between the popliteal artery and the posterior knee joint capsule.
The purpose of the study; To investigate the effectiveness of this block applied to knee osteoarthritis in clinical practice.
In this study, patients who underwent IPACK block by the practitioner; Demographic data, medications used, block success, block characteristics and block-related complications will be recorded observationally. Before and after the block procedure, patients' pain was measured with the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) at 1st and 3rd months, their disability levels were measured with The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire and Short Form-12 (Short Form). Quality of life will be measured with the -SF-12) survey.

The effect of physical activity on serum cartilage biomarkers is largely unknown. This study is critical to increase our knowledge of the physiological cartilage response to activities of daily living and dynamic tasks by focusing on healthy recreationally active individuals, thus improving our understanding of the complex relationship between cartilage health and the loading that occurs during different types of loading.

The correct application and repair of episiotomy, which is a frequently used intervention in labor, is important for the psychological and physiological health of the mother after birth. Therefore, it is very important to provide students with the skill of performing episiotomy with the most effective education methods, to reduce their anxiety in this regard and to increase their self-efficacy. Trying to teach suture techniques on sponge, chicken, calf tongue or a soft material is quite limited when the integrity of episiotomy education is considered. Developments in simulation techniques, especially virtual reality glasses that help users experience sensory information such as visual, auditory and movement with real-like experiences, reveal the importance of using technology in health education. Since it does not require additional materials such as calf tongue, sponge, needle holder, etc., it is important for midwifery education to be economical. In addition, the fact that the application can be repeated many times without harming the person affects the anxiety and self-efficacy levels of students before real clinical experience. Within the scope of the study, in order to evaluate the effect of using virtual reality in teaching episiotomy application and repair on students' episiotomy self-efficacy and anxiety levels, midwifery students taking the Normal Birth and Postpartum period course will be divided into three groups during the episiotomy teaching application; one group will practice on calf tongue, one group will practice only with virtual reality, and one group will practice using both. The study data will be collected through the Student Identification Form, State Anxiety Inventory, and Episiotomy Self-Efficacy Scale. The analysis of the data obtained from the research will be done with the SPSS program. It is thought that the study will make a significant contribution to the literature in terms of evaluating the effect of virtual reality glasses on episiotomy teaching.