Dhurakij Pundit University

This study explores immune responses in mild Omicron-era COVID-19 breakthrough cases, focusing on cytokine dysregulation, antibody dynamics, and Long COVID. We analyzed samples from 114 mild symptomatic COVID-19 patients across multiple pandemic waves, each dominated by different SARS-CoV-2 variants, at three timepoints: (T1: 2-4 weeks, T2: 3-4 months, T3: 6-8 months post-infection). Persistent IP-10 elevation up to 8 months post-Omicron breakthrough infection suggests sustained low-grade immune activation that appears unique to this wave. Hybrid immunity from Omicron breakthrough infections elicited broad cross-variant antibody recognition but showed declining neutralization over time. Among vaccination regimens, mRNA-inclusive combinations were associated with lower Long COVID scores. CoV-229E antibody levels correlated with Long COVID scores. These findings underscore the need for extended monitoring of even mild COVID-19 cases and highlight the potential of mRNA vaccines in reducing post-COVID-19 complications. Insights into post-infection immune alterations and vaccine effects can inform the development of future vaccination strategies and approaches for managing post-COVID-19 conditions.

Chinese college students' emotional responses to climate change are shaped by awareness of sustainability, which can be shaped by future time perspective. This study investigates the effect of sustainability awareness on climate emotions of Chinese college students, moderated by future time perspective. Drawing on value-belief-norm theory, this research examines the influences of demographic factors such as gender, college location, and educational level on sustainability consciousness and climate emotions. The questionnaire was applied to 1208 Chinese college students from eastern, central, and western China, with data analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and hierarchical regression. Results indicate that sustainability awareness has a strong effect on climate emotions and that future time perspective may moderate this relationship to increase the effect of sustainability awareness on emotional responses to climate change. Differences also existed between gender, whereby female students reported higher levels of sustainability awareness and climate emotions than male students. Eastern Chinese students and senior students also indicated higher sustainability awareness and stronger climate emotions. These emotions contribute to understanding the psychological pathways connecting environmental beliefs with emotional engagement and offer practical implications for climate education and sustainability-focused interventions in Chinese higher education.

Against the backdrop of rapid globalisation, Chinese students studying abroad face increasing challenges in foreign language learning and adapting to foreign language environments. This study surveyed 712 Chinese students studying abroad and used AMOS to examine the logical relationships between the use of ChatGPT, foreign language self-efficacy and foreign language enjoyment, as well as the mediating role of foreign language enjoyment in the use of ChatGPT and foreign language self-efficacy. The results indicated that the use of ChatGPT has a significant positive impact on both the foreign language self-efficacy and foreign language enjoyment of Chinese students studying abroad. Furthermore, foreign language enjoyment also positively influences foreign language self-efficacy. In addition, foreign language enjoyment serves as a mediator between the use of ChatGPT and foreign language self-efficacy. This study reveals the potential value of ChatGPT in helping international students adapt to foreign language environments and thereby improve their language proficiency.