Liaquat National Hospital & Medical College

This study evaluates the effectiveness of oral gabapentin in reducing the pressor response (increased MAP, HR, and BP) during laryngoscopic intubation. It is a prospective, double-blind randomized controlled trial involving 144 patients undergoing elective surgery. Gabapentin 300 mg or placebo will be administered preoperatively, with hemodynamic parameters monitored before and after intubation. The study aims to determine if gabapentin attenuates the sympathetic stress response compared to placebo.

Title: The Role of Vancomycin Powder in Reducing Sternal Wound Infections Following Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Introduction:
Sternal wound infections (SWIs) are significant complications in cardiac surgery, leading to serious issues like mediastinitis, prolonged hospital stays, and higher healthcare costs. This study explores the potential of topical vancomycin powder to reduce SWIs when added to the standard use of systemic antibiotics.
Objectives:
To assess the effectiveness of vancomycin powder in preventing SWIs post-cardiac surgery.
To determine its impact on postoperative hospital stays.
Study Design and Methodology:
A randomized controlled trial will be conducted at Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, with 24 patients (12 in each group).
Group A will receive standard wound closure, while Group B will receive vancomycin powder applied to the sternal wound.
Postoperative wound assessments will be conducted at 48 hours, 7 days, and 1 month.
Ethical Considerations:
Ethical approval will be obtained, and informed consent will be sought from all participants

*Ketamine:* Ketamine is a medication that can help reduce shivering by blocking certain nerve signals in the brain. It's like a "nerve blocker" that helps calm down the body's shivering response.
- *Tramadol:* Tramadol is a pain medication that can also help reduce shivering. It works by affecting the brain's temperature regulation centers, which helps to reduce the shivering response.