Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute

Conversion and capture of carbon pollutants based on carbon dioxide to valuable green oil-field chemicals are target all over the world for controlling the global warming. The present article used new room temperature amphiphilic imidazolium ionic liquids with superior surface activity in the aqueous solutions to convert carbon dioxide gas to superior amphiphilic calcium carbonate nanoparticles. In this respect, tetra-cationic ionic liquids 2-(4-dodecyldimethylamino) phenyl)-1,3-bis (3-dodecyldimethylammnonio) propyl) bromide-1-H-imidazol-3-ium acetate and 2-(4-hexyldimethylamino) phenyl)-1,3-bis(3-hexcyldimethylammnonio) propyl) bromide-1 H-imidazol-3-ium acetate were prepared. Their chemical structures, thermal as well as their carbon dioxide absorption/ desorption characteristics were evaluated. They were used as solvent and capping agent to synthesize calcium carbonate nanoparticles with controlled crystalline lattice, sizes, thermal properties and spherical surface morphologies. The prepared calcium carbonate nanoparticles were used as additives for the commercial water based drilling mud to improve their filter lose and rheology. The data confirm that the lower concentrations of 2-(4-dodecyldimethylamino) phenyl)-1,3-bis (3-dodecyldimethylammnonio) propyl) bromide-1-H-imidazol-3-ium acetate achieved lower seawater filter lose and improved viscosities.

This study investigates the post-pillarization of bentonite clay using Fe/Al-polyoxocations-both singular and mixed-to enhance its surface and textural properties for improved adsorption-desorption recovery of Pb(II) ions from hard water.The adsorption-desorption capabilities of the pillared bentonites (referred to as Fe-, Al-, and Fe/Al-PILBCs) are investigated and optimized, taking into account the interactions between water components and operational conditions in both competitive and non-competitive scenarios.The incorporation of mixed Fe/Al pillars significantly increases the surface area, reactivity, and interlayer spacing of the clay, leading to improved pore diffusivity and enhanced interactions between Pb(II) and the Bronsted/Lewis acid sites in Fe/Al-PILBC.Consequently, the adsorption capability of Fe/Al-PILBC for Pb(II) ions is enhanced by 1.33 to 1.53 times compared to single-pillared clay adsorbents.Optimization using response surface methodol. demonstrates that the interaction between solution pH and other operational factors is crucial for maximizing the Pb(II) adsorption capacity of Fe/Al-PILBC.This capacity can reach 67.85 mg/g at a pH of 4.5 after 10 min by adjusting the Pb(II) speciation and the surface charge d. of Fe/Al-PILBC.Thermodn., kinetic, and isotherm studies indicate that the physisorption of Pb(II) onto Fe/Al-PILBC is facilitated by heat energy input (Ea = 21.22 kJ/mol and ΔH^ο = 20.32 kJ/mol), allowing for endothermic adsorption with sustained adsorption-desorption recovery of Pb over 10 cycles.In practical applications involving groundwater and petroleum wastewater, higher ionic strength enhances electrostatic interactions and ion exchange between Ca(II)/Mg(II) cations and the active sites of Fe/Al-PILBC, leading to changes in Pb(II) adsorption thermodn. due to competitive effects at the solid/liquid interface.Nonetheless, the overall adsorption capacity of Fe/Al-PILBC for divalent metal cations increases by 2.9 times in hard water compared to single Pb adsorption in a non-competitive environment, underscoring the promising potential of Fe/Al-PILBCs for water-softening applications.

A novel and rapid synthetic route for producing 4-imino-3-(2-phenylhydrazono)-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one (IQ) from 3-(2-phenylhydrazono)quinoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione 1 is introduced.The inhibitory effectiveness of IQ in mitigating the corrosion of low carbon steel (LCS) in acidic environments was evaluated using weight loss (Wt-L) and electrochem. methods, such as potentiodynamic polarization (Pd-P) and electrochem. impedance spectroscopy (EIS).The optimum concentration of IQ was determined to be 30x10^-3 Mm, at which it exhibited the highest inhibition efficiency of approx. 93.2%.The nature of IQ as a mixed-type inhibitor was demonstrated by its ability to inhibit both anodic and cathodic reactions, primarily acting as an anodic inhibitor.The adsorption of IQ onto the LCS surface followed the Langmuir adsorption model, indicating a monolayer adsorption mechanism.Moreover, EIS findings suggest that IQ forms a protective layer on the LCS surface at the metal/electrolyte interface, preventing its dissolution in the acidic medium.Further anal. of the corrosive solution containing IQ after two days of LCS immersion showed the formation of Fe-IQ complex, confirmed by UV/visible spectroscopy.Using at. force microscopy (AFM), we confirmed that a protective layer of IQ forms on the surface of LCS.Addnl., in silico studies of IQ revealed the active sites responsible for its interaction with the LCS surface under acidic conditions.