Yüzüncü Yıl University

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic psychiatric condition characterised by mood episodes and associated structural changes in the central nervous system. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers a non-invasive method to assess retinal layer thickness, potentially serving as an endophenotypic biomarker for neurodegeneration. This study aimed to compare retinal thickness among BD patients, their first-degree relatives, and healthy controls to identify structural markers and assess their alignment with existing literature.

Thirty-six BD patients, 30 first-degree relatives, and 38 healthy controls were recruited from Van Yüzüncü Yıl University. Comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations and retinal layer thickness measurements using Spectralis OCT were performed. Retinal layers were analysed at 1 mm, 3 mm, and 6 mm concentric circles per the ETDRS protocol. Peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness was evaluated across seven regions. Due to significant age differences among groups (p = 0.002), an ANCOVA analysis was used to control for the age effect.

Retinal analysis revealed a significant increase in the inferonasal (NI) nerve fibre layer thickness in BD patients and their first-degree relatives compared to healthy controls (p = 0.008). Optic nerve head analyses showed non-significant thinning in the temporal (T), inferotemporal (TI), and superotemporal (TS) nerve fibre layer thicknesses in BD patients and their relatives compared to healthy controls. The thicknesses of the macular retinal layers did not differ significantly among the groups (p > 0.05).

The observed increase in NI optic nerve fibre layer thickness in BD patients and their first-degree relatives contrasts with the expected thinning reported in previous literature on neurodegeneration in psychiatric disorders. This finding underscores the complexity of structural changes in BD and raises the possibility of alternative pathophysiological mechanisms or methodological considerations influencing retinal measurements. Further research is needed to elucidate these phenomena and their implications for understanding BD.

This study was arranged to assign the LC₅₀ value and effects of metaflumizone (MFZ) in Oncorhynchus mykiss blood/liver tissue with a multibiomarker approach. In addition, the positive/negative responses of the colemanite (COL) substance for integrating therapeutic agents into aquaculture were also discussed. Hematology profile revealed that red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hgb), and hematocrit (Hct) decreased temporally as a result of MFZ application compared to the control group. When cortisol results were evaluated, it was determined that MFZ induced cortisol levels at 48th and 96th hours. It was noted that antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly inhibited in blood/liver tissue taken at 48th/96th hour samples of MFZ application. After MFZ exposure, malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) values increased, and this situation was interpreted as statistically meaningful. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 level (Nrf-2) was inhibited depending on time when the administration and control groups were compared. In the MFZ + COL group, inhibition was found to be alleviated. In the 48th and 96th hour analyses of blood/liver tissue, it was determined that interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNF-α) values were induced in MFZ applied groups, and COL tried to inhibit this situation. MFZ application showed a significant increase in 8-OHdG content and caspase 3 level, which was statistically significant (p < 0.05) over time. COL (single and/or MFZ) suppressed the accumulation of 8-hidroksi-2'-deoksiguanozin (8-OHdG) and caspase-3 levels as treatment, resulting in similar results to the control group. However, COL administration showed attenuation of all parameters with respect to these MFZ-induced toxicities, possibly because of its free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory features.

Propanil is the most widely used herbicide in the world, which posing a great threat to environmental health. A novel heterocycle featuring quinoline and anthracene linked by a triazole bridge within a single scaffold has been developed using a molecular hybridization strategy. The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential nephroprotective and hepatoprotective properties of a newly synthesized 1,2,3-triazol-quinoline derivative (TQD) and Artemisia spicigera K.Koch. in relation to SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, MDA, GSH, PCO, Co, Cu, Zn levels in the kidney and liver tissues, TSA, α-tocopherol, cholecalciferol, retinol, and phylloquinone in the serum samples and histopathological alterations and caspase-3 expression immunohistochemically in the female rats exposed to propanil (PRP)-mediated oxidative stress. In the study, a total of fifty-six Wistar albino female rats were assigned into seven groups; control, olive oil, PRP (200 mg/kg), TQD (0.4 mg/kg), Artemisia spicigera (300 mg/kg), PRP (200 mg/kg) + A. spicigera (300 mg/kg), and PRP (200 mg/kg) + TQD (0.4 mg/kg/). According to analysis results, significantly decreased liver and kidney tissue GSH (p < 0.01, p < 0.01), CAT (p < 0.01, p < 0.01), SOD (p < 0.01, p < 0.01), Zn (p < 0.001, p < 0.01), serum retinol (p < 0.01), α-tocopherol (p < 0.001), increased PCO (p < 0.01, p < 0.01), MDA (p < 0.001, p < 0.05), Cu (p < 0.05, p < 0.05), and Cu/Zn (p < 0.001, p < 0.001) PRP exposure in compared to control group. The results showed that the TQD and A. spicigera exhibited effective antioxidant and antihemolytic activity. This suggests that A. spicigera and TQD may reduce many of the oxidative-damaging effects of PRP toxicity and could be a good choice for protecting against the nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, and hematotoxic adverse effects of propanil. In addition, PCO, CAT, SOD, GSH, Cu, and Cu/Zn were proposed as bioindicators of environmental contaminants for propanil-induced oxidative damage.