BACKGROUNDLimited crop production due to lower rainfall has a major impact on the supply and demand of food for the human population. In potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), one of the major crops, there is also concern about a lack of production due to drought stress. Especially the cultivar "Toyoshiro" suitable for processing, has significant reduction in drought yield. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the mechanism of gene expression changes that occur in potato "Toyoshiro" plants and tubers during drought.METHODS AND RESULTSSeed potatoes were split in half and one was used as a control plant (CT), and the other was used as a drought-stressed plant (DS). CT was watered daily, and DS watered off to mimic the weather conditions of the Tokachi-Obihiro region in 2021. These tubers were harvested at week 14 and the transcriptome was analyzed. DS plants showed 423 downregulated genes and 197 upregulated genes compared to CT. Factors related to cell wall modification, heat stress response, and phytosterol metabolism were detected among the genes whose expression changed. Moreover, the expression of "Abscisic acid and environmental stress-inducible protein TAS14 like (TAS14)," a molecule reported to be upregulated under drought stress, was also upregulated, and was upregulated expression in all strains that reproduced drought. The localization of this molecule in the nucleus and plasma membrane was confirmed in a mCherry-tagged TAS14 mutant line.CONCLUSIONSOur findings contribute to understanding the survival strategy system of Japanese processing potatoes in response to drought stress.

01 Jan 2024·Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi

Anti-inflammatory Effect of Digalactosyldiacylglycerol-monoestolide, a Characteristic Glycolipid in Oats

Author: Yamada, Hiroki ; Nakagawa, Kiyotaka ; Ishihara, Katsuyuki ; Ito, Junya

Regular consumption of dietary components with anti-inflammatory properties is a promising strategy for management of inflammation-associated diseases.Oats, increasingly consumed in various forms such as oatmeal, granola, and oat milk, contain noteworthy anti-inflammatory elements.Here we review the functional components of oats: the glycolipid digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), estolides (esters of hydroxy fatty acids and fatty acids), and the oat-specific glycolipid DGDG-monoestolides.DGDG and estolides have garnered interest as functional lipids, and their physiol. functions have been well documented.On the other hand, the biol. functions of DGDG-monoestolides have been relatively unknown despite the fact that they contain DGDG and estolides as building blocks.Therefore, we have isolated a major DGDG-monoestolide mol. species from oats, analyzed its structure, and investigated its anti-inflammatory properties.Further in-depth knowledge of the functional components of oats, including the DGDG-monoestolides introduced in this review, will hopefully pave the way for wider utilization of oats as a functional food.

01 Jan 2023·Breeding Science

Development of ‘Poroshiri’, a chip processing potato variety with golden cyst nematode and common scab resistance

Article

Author: Koizumi, Emiko ; Ogawa, Shogo ; Igarashi, Toshiya ; Tsuyama, Mutsuo ; Ogawa, Keiichi

Golden cyst nematodes have threatened the cultivation of 'Toyoshiro', a major potato variety used for chip processing in Japan. Common scab is a soilborne disease that occurs in potato fields worldwide. To solve these problems, we crossed two US varieties and selected a clone that showed a slightly higher marketable yield and a significantly higher yield rate, compared with 'Toyoshiro', and had good chip processing quality, extreme resistance to cyst nematodes, and moderately high resistance to common scab. This clone was named 'Poroshiri'; it is the first variety released from the Calbee Potato breeding program.

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