This study investigates borosilicate glasses′ structural, optical, and ionizing radiation-shielding features when varying percentages of lead oxide (PbO) are introduced.The fabrication process involves the conventional melt-quenching approach.X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform IR (FTIR) explored structural features for all glasses.Meanwhile, the optical properties were assessed based on the absorption edge.The radiation shielding properties were investigated using Phy-x software.The d. increased gradually with the addition of PbO contents from 3.797 to 4.857 g/cm3.The FTIR results revealed silicate and borate functional groups, while the XRD confirmed the amorphous nature of all glasses.The band gap was reduced gradually by adding PbO from 4.198 to 3.864 eV.The radiation shielding results revealed enhanced radiation attenuation with increased PbO content, making the glass with 25 mol% PbO appropriate for ionizing radiation protection field.The investigation encompasses diverse energy ranges, from X-ray K-edge to MeV gamma rays, providing a comprehensive understanding of photon interactions with the present glasses.Future medical physics and radiation shielding applications can leverage these insights for material optimization.