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Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease

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Milk cytokines play a vital role in mucosal immunity during infancy by supporting immune development and functions. Although the maternal background characteristics influence milk cytokines, changes in cytokine levels across generations remain unclear. Colostrum (C, n = 48) and mature milk (MM, n = 49) samples were collected from lactating Japanese women in 1989 (2727 samples) and 2013 (1408 samples). Milk cytokines were comprehensively measured using a suspension array and immunosorbent assays. The positive rates and cytokine concentrations were compared between the two generations using logistic and multiple regression analyses. Twenty-eight cytokines tested positive in all sample groups (1989-C, 1989-MM, 2013-C, and 2013-MM). The median osteopontin (OPN) level was significantly higher in the 1989-C group than in the 2013-C group (318.1 vs. 137.5 μg/mL; p = 0.0016) but did not differ between the MM groups. The median TGF-β1 level was significantly lower in the 1989-MM group than in the 2013-MM group (1056.2 vs. 1330.8 pg/mL; p = 0.008) but did not differ between the C groups. Most cytokines were comparable between generations, except for potential variation in the C-OPN and TGF-β1 levels. Milk cytokine secretion may reflect temporal changes in maternal background characteristics; however, the results from the analysis of 30-year-old samples may have influenced the milk cytokine levels. Further studies are needed with a larger number of milk samples collected from the same individuals at multiple time points over a wide lactation period, with detailed data on the maternal and infant background characteristics and diets.

01 Mar 2023·Vaccines

Enhancement of Vaccine-Induced T-Cell Responses by PD-L1 Blockade in Calves.

Article

Author: Sajiki, Yamato ; Kato, Yukinari ; Nakamura, Hayato ; Konnai, Satoru ; Maekawa, Naoya ; Suzuki, Yasuhiko ; Noda, Haruka ; Watari, Kei ; Murata, Shiro ; Okagawa, Tomohiro ; Honma, Mitsuru ; Ohashi, Kazuhiko ; Ganbaatar, Otgontuya

Interactions between programmed death 1 (PD-1) and PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) cause functional exhaustion of T cells by inducing inhibitory signals, thereby attenuating effector functions of T cells. We have developed an anti-bovine PD-L1 blocking antibody (Ab) and have demonstrated that blockade of the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 reactivates T-cell responses in cattle. In the present study, we examined the potential utility of PD-1/PD-L1-targeted immunotherapy in enhancing T-cell responses to vaccination. Calves were inoculated with a hexavalent live-attenuated viral vaccine against bovine respiratory infections in combination with treatment with an anti-PD-L1 Ab. The expression kinetics of PD-1 in T cells and T-cell responses to viral antigens were measured before and after vaccination to evaluate the adjuvant effect of anti-PD-L1 Ab. PD-1 expression was upregulated in vaccinated calves after the administration of a booster vaccination. The activation status of CD4⁺, CD8⁺, and γδTCR⁺ T cells was enhanced by the combination of vaccination and PD-L1 blockade. In addition, IFN-γ responses to viral antigens were increased following combinatorial vaccination with PD-L1 blockade. In conclusion, the blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction enhances T-cell responses induced by vaccination in cattle, indicating the potential utility of anti-PD-L1 Ab in improving the efficacy of current vaccination programs.

25 Feb 2023·Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho

A case where woody roughage made from Japanese white birch had an effect on the fattening of Japanese Black

Author: KOBAYASHI, Yusuke ; HIYAMA, Ryo ; KUCHIDA, Keigo ; HONMA, Mitsuru ; ABE, Kentaro ; SEKI, Kazuto ; NAKAI, Shintaro ; KOMATA, Hirotaka ; ORIHASHI, Ken

100 Deals associated with Snow Brand Milk Products Co., Ltd.

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100 Translational Medicine associated with Snow Brand Milk Products Co., Ltd.

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Pipeline

Pipeline Snapshot as of 26 Nov 2024

The statistics for drugs in the Pipeline is the current organization and its subsidiaries are counted as organizations,Early Phase 1 is incorporated into Phase 1, Phase 1/2 is incorporated into phase 2, and phase 2/3 is incorporated into phase 3

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Current Projects

Drug(Targets)	Indications	Global Highest Phase

OSN-001	Nutrition Disorders More	Approved
Cevimeline Hydrochloride ( M3 receptor )	Dementia More	Discontinued
NKS-01 ( aromatase )	Breast Cancer More	Discontinued
SN-198C	Neoplasms More	Discontinued
SN-198D ( Bacterial outer membrane proteins )	Neoplasms More	Discontinued