OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of Jianpi Jiedu recipe on expression levels of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets(CD_4∼+, CD_8∼+) and HR-HPV DNA(DNA) in the patients with high-risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV) persistent infection. METHODS A total of 330 patients with HR-HPV persistent infection who were treated in the Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Jan 2019 to Apr 2020 were recruited as the study subjects, 165 of whom were assigned as the control group and received conventional therapy, and 165 were set as the study group and received addnl. Jianpi Jiedu recipe on basis of the treatment of the control group. Totally 160 pairs of patients whose baseline data were not significant were acquired through propensity score matching model, 1 case in the study group and 8 cases in the control group were excluded due to insufficient follow-up data, and 159 cases in the study group and 152 cases in the control group finally completed a 3 menstrual cycles of therapy. The neg. conversion rates of HR-HPV subtypes were recorded; the HR-HPV DNA load, TCM syndromes scores, expression levels of peripheral blood CD_4∼+ and CD_8∼+ and levels of vaginal secretion interleukin-4(IL-4) and interleukin-12(IL-12) were observed and compared between the two groups of patients before and after the treatment. RESULTS Among the HR-HPV subtypes that were detected in the two groups of patients, HPV16, HPV58, HPV53 and HPV18 were dominant; the neg. conversion rates of HPV16 and HPV18 were the lowest among all the HR-HPV subtypes, however, the neg. conversion rate of HR-HPV of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). The HR-HPV DNA load, TCM syndromes scores, peripheral blood CD_8∼+ level and vaginal secretion IL-4 level of the two groups of patients were significantly lower after the treatment than before the treatment(P<0.05), and the above indexes of the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group after the treatment(P<0.05). The peripheral blood CD_4∼+ level, ratio of CD_4∼+ to CD_8∼+ and vaginal secretion IL-12 level were significantly higher after the treatment than before the treatment(P<0.05), and the above indexes of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group after the treatment(P<0.05). CONCLUSION Jianpi Jiedu recipe may regulate the local and systemic immune function of the patients with HR-HPV infection, correct TCM syndromes and raise the neg. conversion rate of HR-HPV.