Universidad Pública de Navarra

Frailty has emerged as a key indicator of biological aging. This study aimed to assess the relationship between MedDiet adherence and frailty prevalence in the context of metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Cross-sectional study. Baseline data from PREDIMED-Plus trial SETTING: Primary care health, 23 recruitment sites (2013-2016).

A total of 6874 participants with overweight/obesity and ≥3 MetS components.

Adherence to the MedDiet: 17-item MedDiet score. Frailty and prefrailty (3 or 1-2 criteria): modified Fried Frailty Index (FFI), considering exhaustion, physical activity and functional capacity. Main independent variable was analysed: as a continuous variable (range: 0-17); in quartiles of adherence using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders.

Prefrailty and frailty prevalence were 49.7% and 2.9%, respectively. Compared to those with the lowest MedDiet adherence (0-6), participants with the highest adherence (11-17) had significantly lower odds of meeting frailty criteria. Fully adjusted models showed ORs of 0.479 (p = 0.097) for frailty, 0.705 (p = 0.001) for prefrailty, and 0.694 (p = 0.001) for frailty or prefrailty in participants with higher/greater MedDiet adherence. Each 1-point increase in the 17-item score was associated with an OR ranging from 0.878 to 0.977 (p < 0.05 for all comparisons, except functional capacity: p = 0.100). When adherence was dichotomized, the adjusted ORs ranged from 0.406 to 0.834 (p < 0.05 for all comparisons).

Higher adherence to MedDiet was associated with a lower prevalence of frailty and prefrailty in older adults with overweight/obesity and MetS, reinforcing its potential role in promoting healthy aging despite cardiometabolic comorbidities.

Mitral valve disease (MVD) is the most common valvulopathy and a frequent cause of heart failure and death. However, data regarding the molecular basis are scarce. We aimed to thoroughly explore and compare the circulating, molecular, and histopathological profiles in the main subtypes of primary chronic MVD. In total, 300 patients with chronic primary MVD undergoing mitral valve (MV) replacement were enrolled and classified in the four main etiologic subtypes: calcific mitral valve disease (CMVD, n = 81), rheumatic disease (RHVD, n = 114), Barlow’s disease (BD, n = 70), and fibroelastic deficiency (FED, n = 35). Discovery studies were performed using Olink Proteomics® technology in 80 serums from MVD patients (n = 20/etiology). Histopathologic study, ELISA, and zymography were performed on resected MVs to analyze extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and remodeling, inflammation, and calcification. Serum proteomics identified markers exclusively overexpressed in each MVD etiologic subtype. Further enrichment analyses revealed specific etiology-dependent pathways involving calcification, inflammation, or ECM remodeling. Such etiology-dependent differences were mirrored in the excised MVs both architecturally and compositionally. CMVD and RHVD valves had a marked ECM disorganization with increased collagen deposition and presence of nodular and diffuse calcification, respectively. Moreover, RHVD valves exhibited high levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and matrix degradation enzymes. BD valves showed enhanced inflammatory markers and infiltrates. Moreover, BD and FED valves presented marked proteoglycans deposition. Our study identified circulating markers involved in calcification, inflammation, and ECM remodeling, which may be associated with specific MVD etiologies. The differences in serum markers seem to mirror histopathologic and molecular alterations in the MVs with potential applications into the clinic as diagnosis biomarkers. Identification of underlying molecular mechanisms of each etiology is essential to discover new specific therapeutic targets.

Ni-based catalysts have been reported to be very efficient in methane reforming processes, surpassing some noble metals.In the particular case of methane reforming in the presence of carbon dioxide (dry reforming of methane, DRM), modifying and controlling the initial properties of the catalyst becomes crucial to resist carbon deposition and Ni metal sintering.This is because the DRM process is carried out at high temperaturesIn this sense, perovskite-based catalysts are of special interest given that they are synthesized at high temperatures and, therefore, can conserve their properties during the reaction.Perovskites are represented by the general formula ABO₃ or A₂BO₄.The properties of these oxides depend on the nature of metals A and B and their possible partial substitution, which allows control of their redox and acid/basic properties.This review delves into the thermodn. and kinetic aspects of the DRM, highlighting that the properties of A and B can affect catalytic performance.Following this, the focus shifts to B-cation substitution, which can increase the catalytic performance of the catalyst via synergistic effects due to the formation of Ni metal alloys.Next, in an analogous manner, the anal. will examine A-cation substitution, which allows control over the acid/basic properties and, therefore, coke formation and deposition.Given the inherently low textural properties of perovskites, methods for enhancing these properties are also summarized.These methods encompass both direct improvements and deposition of the perovskites on a support.Finally, new lines of research focused on softening DRM reaction conditions and promoting the process at lower temperatures are also highlighted.