Jiangsu Normal University

Triterpenoids and polysaccharides produced by Inonotus obliquus exhibit antitumor, antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities. Increasing the yields of triterpenoids and polysaccharides could effectively enhance the medicinal value of I. obliquus. In this study, the feasibility of improving the production of triterpenoids and polysaccharides by adding elicitors including cell wall debris (CW) and culture filtrate (CF) derived from endophytic fungus Acremonium sp. in the submerged cultivation of I. obliquus was investigated. The optimal concentrations and times for the addition of CW and CF were determined to be 60 µg/mL on day 3 and 10% v/v on day 1, respectively. The maximum total triterpenoid production of CW and CF groups increased by 19.38% and 49.81%, respectively, compared to the control. The maximum intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) production obtained with the CW and CF were 3.97 ± 0.24 and 4.95 ± 0.40 g/L, representing significant increases of 17.70% and 46.85% compared to the control. Additionally, the production of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) was enhanced by 27.23% and 45.35% with the CW and CF, respectively, in comparison to the control. Furthermore, the transcription levels of the key genes involved in the biosynthesis of triterpenoids and polysaccharides were significantly upregulated in response to the elicitors. This study provides a novel approach for enhancing the bioactive metabolites production of medicinal basidiomycota by the elicitors derived from endophytes.

As a potential threat to elementary students' psychological well-being, fear of negative evaluation (FNE) is common in academic life and may adversely affect cognitive, emotional, and behavioral development. In this study, network analysis was used to identify the core symptoms of FNE in 734 elementary school students and to examine the associations between FNE and self-confidence and family atmosphere. The results indicated that (1) the core FNE symptoms were: "I am afraid of not being recognized by others," "I am afraid that others will find fault with me," "When I talk to others, I worry about how they will see me," and "I often worry about what kind of impression I give to others"; (2) the network relationships among FNE, self-confidence, and family atmosphere showed satisfactory stability; and (3) positive psychological capital (C2), self-doubt (C4), self-concern bias (C10), positive childhood experiences (SOFA1), and family violence (SOFA10) served as important bridge nodes within the integrated network. Overall, this study clarifies the network pattern of associations among self-confidence, family atmosphere, and FNE, deepening our understanding of social-evaluative psychological processes in this population and informing coordinated intervention strategies across families, schools, and communities.

Herein, by integrating benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']bis([1,2,5]thiadiazole) with strong electron-withdrawing capacity and 4,4'-azanediyldibenzoic acid with strong electron-donating capacity into one donor-acceptor-donor type organic linker, a near-infrared-II (NIR-II) emissive zirconium-tetracarboxylate framework, HIAM-4030, was reported. HIAM-4030 possesses an ftw topology and shows a maximum emission peak at 1052 nm. The HIAM-4030-based nanocomposite exhibits targeted delivery, anti-inflammatory efficacy, and real-time, noninvasive visualization of inflammatory bowel disease via NIR-II fluorescence imaging. This work sheds light on the rational design and construction of luminescent metal-organic frameworks with NIR-II emission behaviors for biomedical applications.