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This study investigates hydrodynamic performance of a novel sludge pretreatment device based on periodic shock wave generation by a hydraulic hammer mechanism. A falling circular jet of thickened waste activated sludge was repeatedly impacted by a rotating blade, resulting in occurrence of hydraulic shock waves within the liquid region adjacent to the impact. The rotational generator of hydraulic shock (RGHS) treating 10 L of waste activated sludge was operated for 30 liquid passes and at two different rotational speeds producing blade impact velocities of 44 m/s and 70 m/s, respectively. At 70 m/s impact velocity and 30 passes, the device was able to achieve 41.3 % disintegration degree (DD), specific energy consumption (SEC) of 10.4 kWh/kg sCOD released and 9.0 % improvement of produced methane volume over unprocessed sample. Corresponding values for 44 m/s impact regime were DD = 18.7 %, SEC = 8.03 kWh/kg sCOD released and 33.1 % improvement in methane production. In both pretreatment regimes, sludge shear-dependent viscosity was reduced by about 60 %, while physicochemical analysis, FTIR spectra revealed substantial structural changes in WAS, namely median particle size reduction, degradation of proteins and polysaccharides, and microbial cell wall damage, what was notable also on SEM images. Compared to other rotary devices, the novel RGHS can achieve relatively high degree of sludge disintegration while consuming significantly less energy for sludge solubilization, and for methane production enhancement.

21 Apr 2025·Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

Surface Single Atom Alloys for Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Article

Author: Ma, Yufei ; Li, Siwei ; Likozar, Blaž ; Xia, Bin ; Dong, Feifei ; Kamal, Khaja Mohaideen ; Xu, Yanping ; Guo, Bingrong ; Xu, Li ; Li, Xiumin

Single atom catalysts (SACs) achieve 100% utilization of metal atoms and have versatile support effects, whereas single atom alloys (SAAs) with metallic bonds own the free-atom-like electronic structure. Herein, surface single atom alloys (SSAAs) are developed that integrate the advantages of SACs and SAAs via incorporating an ultrathin metallic layer during the synthetic process of SACs. It is shown that the Pt single atom preferentially coordinates with metallic Mo nanolayer, thereby forming a Pt₁-Mo_L surface atom alloy on Mo₂C (marked as Pt₁-Mo_L-Mo₂C SSAAs). Comprehensive spectroscopic and theoretical calculations reveal that the Mo nanolayer in SSAAs not only functions as an electron buffer between Pt₁ and Mo₂C, leading to a free-atom-like d state at Pt₁ sites and thereby balancing the adsorption and desorption of H, but also enhances the aggregation, adsorption, and activation of H₂O. Consequently, the Pt₁-Mo_L-Mo₂C SSAAs exhibit superior alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance compared to Pt₁/Mo₂C SACs, achieving a low overpotential of 12 mV at 10 mA cm^-2 and a low Tafel slope of 17 mV dec^-1. This work provides novel insights into the design of advanced single-site catalysts.

21 Apr 2025·ACS Agricultural Science & Technology

Evaluation of the Accumulation, Distribution, and Excretion of Different Silver Species in Tissues and Feces from Chickens and Pigs Fed with Silver-Based Nanomaterial Supplemented Feeds

Author: Laborda, Francisco ; Ben-Jeddou, Khaoula ; Fondevila, Manuel ; van Elteren, Johannes T. ; Šala, Martin ; Bakir, Mariam ; Jimenez, Maria S. ; Metarapi, Dino

On the basis of two in vivo experiments involving pigs and chickens, where animals were fed with feeds supplemented with a silver-kaolin nanomaterial as a growth promoter, the fate of the ingested silver, its accumulation in different tissues and excretion, and its occurrence as ionic or particulate forms has been studied.Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in conventional mode was used for the quant. determination of total silver in the different tissues and feces.Results showed that silver accumulated in liver (0.15-5 mg kg^-1) and kidney (0.4 mg kg^-1) but not in muscle, while the major part of silver was eliminated through the feces (75-1026 mg kg^-1).Laser ablation coupled to ICP-MS (LA-ICP-MS) in a conventional mode revealed a preferential accumulation of silver in the outer layer of the liver lobules in pigs.LA-ICP-MS in single particle mode (LA-SP-ICP-MS) was applied to the anal. of tissues and feces to obtain speciation information about the presence of ionic and particulate silver in the samples.Silver found in the pig liver was present in ionic form, confirming that silver was absorbed in the intestine in this form.The anal. of pig feces confirmed the presence of both ionic silver and particles containing silver with average masses of 520 ag (equivalent to solid spherical silver nanoparticles of 50 nm diameter).

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Pipeline

Pipeline Snapshot as of 15 May 2025

The statistics for drugs in the Pipeline is the current organization and its subsidiaries are counted as organizations,Early Phase 1 is incorporated into Phase 1, Phase 1/2 is incorporated into phase 2, and phase 2/3 is incorporated into phase 3

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