Increasing evidence has emphasized the crucial role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of Vascular dementia (VaD). Di-Dang-Tang (DDT) has the effects of removing blood stasis according to the theory of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), while its effects on ferroptosis and mechanisms remain unclear. To elucidate whether the neuroprotective effect of DDT treatment is associated with ferroptosis mediated by the Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1)/ Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related factor (NRF2)/ Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4) signaling pathway in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats with the 2-vessel occlusion (2VO) model, we conducted a series of experiments. Nissl staining, HE staining and FJB staining were used to assess the effects of DDT on the degeneration and apoptosis of neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. DDT's suppression on ferroptosis and its protective effects were also evaluated by ELISA and DHE fluorescence. Immunofluorescence assay, immunohistochemistry examination, and western blot analysis further validated DDT's regulatory effects on ferroptosis via PGK1/NRF2/GPX4 pathway. Additionally, we explored the key mediating role of PGK1 in the DDT treatment of VaD by overexpressing PGK1 using AAV-OE-PGK1 plasmid injection. DDT significantly attenuated neuronal apoptosis and degeneration in CA1 region and ameliorated cognitive dysfunctions in VaD rats. DDT inhibited ferroptosis in this brain region, as evidenced by an up-regulation of GPX4 and SLC7A11, and a decline in ferroptosis-related indices. Further, DDT activated protein expression of the PGK1/NRF2/GPX4 pathway, alleviating the lipid peroxidation. Notably, the inhibition of ferroptosis by DDT was achieved by suppression of the PGK1 axis signaling pathway.