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Last update 23 Jan 2025

TUB

Last update 23 Jan 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

rd5, TUB, TUB bipartite transcription factor

+ [1]

Introduction

Functions in signal transduction from heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptors. Binds to membranes containing phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. Can bind DNA (in vitro). May contribute to the regulation of transcription in the nucleus. Could be involved in the hypothalamic regulation of body weight (By similarity). Contribute to stimulation of phagocytosis of apoptotic retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and macrophages.

Drugs associated with TUB

60c(BridGene)

Target

TUB

Mechanism

TUB modulators

Active Org.

Bridgene Biosciences, Inc. [+1]

Originator Org.

The University of Tennessee Health Science Center [+1]

Active Indication

Triple Negative Breast Cancer

Inactive Indication-

Drug Highest PhasePreclinical

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.-

First Approval Date20 Jan 1800

Compound C3 (China Pharmaceutical University)

Target

TUB

Mechanism

TUB modulators

Active Org.

Vanderbilt University

Originator Org.

China Pharmaceutical University

Active Indication

Insulin Resistance

Inactive Indication-

Drug Highest PhasePreclinical

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.-

First Approval Date20 Jan 1800

BNZ-111

Target

TUB

Mechanism

TUB modulators

Active Org.

Samsung Medical Center

Originator Org.

Samsung Medical Center

Active Indication

Ovarian Cancer

Inactive Indication-

Drug Highest PhasePreclinical

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.-

First Approval Date20 Jan 1800

100 Clinical Results associated with TUB

100 Translational Medicine associated with TUB

0 Patents (Medical) associated with TUB

620

Literatures (Medical) associated with TUB

01 Feb 2025·Marine Environmental Research

Selection and verification of reference genes for real-time quantitative PCR in endangered mangrove species Acanthus ebracteatus under different abiotic stress conditions

Article

Author: Ni, Xiaoxiao ; Xie, Yingjuan ; Yang, Yuchen ; Zhang, Ying ; Xia, Xinhui ; Li, Danfeng ; Zheng, Chunfang

Acanthus ebracteatus is an endangered true mangrove species with great ecological and medicinal values. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) has been widely used to investigate transcriptional responses in A. ebracteatus, which can facilitate its protection and medicinal usage. However, lack of prior knowledge on the optimal reference genes for RT-qPCR data normalization of A. ebracteatus, especially under stress scenarios, restricts gene expression investigations of this species. To address this issue, we evaluated the expression stability of seven candidate reference genes (ACT, PP2A, TUB, TUA, UBQ, EF-1α and RPS13) in leaves of A. ebracteatus upon heat, cadmium (Cd), drought, cold, flood and salt stress, respectively, using four state-of-the-art methods, GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and RefFinder. The results indicated that ACT was the most stably expressed in most scenarios, while EF-1α, PP2A and TUB ranked first under Cd, flood and salt stress, respectively. TUB was also the suboptimal reference gene for the samples exposed to drought and cold stress, and ACT was the second-best for Cd stress. For all the examined stress conditions, a combination of two reference genes was considered to be adequate enough for accurate expression standardization. A functional gene FLA17 was further employed to validate the performance of the candidate reference genes. The expression profiles of FLA17 displayed similar trends when using the top two stable reference genes, but were under- or overestimated when normalized by less stable genes, indicative of the importance of choosing the optimal reference genes for RT-qPCR normalization. Our findings provide a foundation for future gene expression studies of A. ebracteatus.

02 Jan 2025·Mycologia

Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of Erysiphaceae, part 6: Erysiphe (the “ Microsphaera lineage” part 2)

Article

Author: Pfister, Donald H. ; Mitchell, James K. ; Crouch, Uma ; LaGreca, Scott ; Bradshaw, Michael ; Braun, Uwe

This is the sixth contribution in a series devoted to the phylogeny and taxonomy of powdery mildews. This part includes our third treatment of the species of the genus Erysiphe. It continues the previous contribution on the phylogenetic-taxonomic assessment of the species belonging to the "Microsphaera lineage." Since this is a large lineage, we have split the treatment of the "Microsphaera lineage" into two parts. Phylogenetic trees based on rDNA are supplemented by sequences of additional markers (CAM, GAPDH, GS, RPB2, and TUB). The "Erysiphe trifoliorum complex" is a challenging group that belongs to the "Microsphaera lineage." Adequate clarification of this complex will be possible when additional worldwide multilocus sequence analyses are performed. The new species Erysiphe acetosae, E. acmisponis, E. lathyrina, E. salmoniana, and E. santalicola are described, and the new combinations E. biuncinata and E. pavoniae are introduced. Specimens of several species have been sequenced for the first time, particularly North American species, such as Erysiphe caryae, E. ceanothi, E. juglandis-nigrae, and E. ravenelii. Erysiphe syringae is lectotypified and 15 species names are epitypified in order to provide ex-epitype reference sequences. For other species, non-ex-type reference sequences are proposed for phylogenetic-taxonomic purposes. Ex-type sequences for Erysiphe baptisiicola, E. sesbaniae, Microsphaera sydowiana, M. umbilici, and Oidium pavoniae have been retrieved.

01 Jan 2025·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology

Stability and expression patterns of housekeeping genes in Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) under field investigations

Article

Author: Candela, Marco ; Musella, Margherita ; Wathsala, Rajapaksha Haddokara Gedara Rasika ; Franzellitti, Silvia ; Palladino, Giorgia ; Iuffrida, Letizia

The use of marine mussels as biological models encompasses a broad range of research fields, in which the application of RNA analyses disclosed novel biomarkers of environmental stress and investigated biochemical mechanisms of action. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is the gold standard for these studies, and despite its wide use and available protocols, it may be affected by technical flaws requiring reference gene data normalization. In this study, stability of housekeeping genes commonly employed as reference genes in qPCR analyses with Mytilus galloprovincialis was explored under field conditions. Mussels were collected from farms in the Northwestern Adriatic Sea. The sampling strategy considered latitudinal gradients of environmental parameters (proxied by location), gender, and their interactions with seasonality. Analyses of gene stability were performed using different algorithms. BestKeeper and geNorm agreed that combination of the ribosomal genes 18S ribosomal RNA (18S) and 28S ribosomal RNA (28S) was the best normalization strategy in the conditions tested, which agrees with available evidence. NormFinder provided different normalization strategies, involving combinations of tubulin (TUB)/28S (Gender/Season effect) or TUB/helicase (HEL) (Location/Season effect). Since NormFinder considers data grouping and computes both intra- and inter-group stability variations, it should work better with complex experimental designs and dataset structuring. Under the selected normalization strategies, expressions of the variable housekeeping genes actin (ACT) and elongation factor-1α (EF1) correlated with seasonal and latitudinal changes of abiotic environmental factors and mussel physiological status. Results point to consider ACT and EF1 expressions as molecular biomarkers of mussel general physiological status in field studies.

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