Request Demo

Last update 23 Jan 2025

SMOX

Last update 23 Jan 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

C20orf16, dJ779E11.1, FLJ20746

+ [8]

Introduction

Flavoenzyme which catalyzes the oxidation of spermine to spermidine. Can also use N(1)-acetylspermine and spermidine as substrates, with different affinity depending on the isoform (isozyme) and on the experimental conditions. Plays an important role in the regulation of polyamine intracellular concentration and has the potential to act as a determinant of cellular sensitivity to the antitumor polyamine analogs. May contribute to beta-alanine production via aldehyde dehydrogenase conversion of 3-amino-propanal.

Drugs associated with SMOX

C9-4

Target

SMOX

Mechanism

SMOX inhibitors

Active Org.

Nihon University

Originator Org.

Nihon University

Active Indication

Brain Ischemia

Inactive Indication-

Drug Highest PhasePreclinical

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.-

First Approval Date20 Jan 1800

MDL-72527

Target

PAOX x SMOX

Mechanism

PAOX inhibitors [+2]

Active Org.

Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International [+3]

Originator Org.

Aventis SA

Active Indication

Diabetic Retinopathy [+1]

Inactive Indication

Neoplasms

Drug Highest PhasePreclinical

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.-

First Approval Date20 Jan 1800

100 Clinical Results associated with SMOX

100 Translational Medicine associated with SMOX

0 Patents (Medical) associated with SMOX

481

Literatures (Medical) associated with SMOX

01 Jan 2025·Environment International

Unraveling the degradation mechanism of multiple pyrethroid insecticides by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its environmental bioremediation potential

Article

Author: Song, Haoran ; Zhang, Lian-Hui ; Huang, Yaohua ; Chen, Wen-Juan ; Chen, Shaohua ; Liu, Hui ; Chen, Shao-Fang ; Mishra, Sandhya ; Ghorab, Mohamed A ; Xu, Zeling ; Bhatt, Kalpana

Extensive use of pyrethroid insecticides poses significant risks to both ecological ecosystems and human beings. Herein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 exhibited exceptional degradation capabilities towards a range of pyrethroid family insecticides including etofenprox, bifenthrin, tetramethrin, D-cypermethrin, allethrin, and permethrin, with a degradation efficiency reaching over 84 % within 36 h (50 mg·L^-1). Strain PAO1 demonstrated effective soil bioremediation by removing etofenprox across different concentrations (25-100 mg·kg^-1), with a degradation efficiency over 77 % within 15 days. Additionally, 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that introduction of strain PAO1 and etofenprox had a notable impact on the soil microbial community. Strain PAO1 displayed a synergistic effect with local degrading bacteria or flora to degrade etofenprox. UPLC-MS/MS analysis identified 2-(4-ethoxyphenyl) propan-2-ol and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid as the major metabolites of etofenprox biodegradation. A new esterase gene (estA) containing conserved motif (GDSL) and catalytic triad (Ser38, Asp310 and His313) was cloned from strain PAO1. Enzyme activity and gene knockout experiments confirmed the pivotal role of estA in pyrethroid biodegradation. The findings from this study shed a new light on elucidating the degradation mechanism of P. aeruginosa PAO1 and present a useful agent for development of effective pyrethroid bioremediation strategies.

04 Nov 2024·Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Impact of transferable β-lactamases and intrinsic AmpC amino acid substitutions on the activity of cefiderocol against wild-type and iron uptake-deficient mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Article

Author: Outeda-García, Michelle ; Fraile-Ribot, Pablo Arturo ; Bou, Germán ; Vázquez-Ucha, Juan Carlos ; Gomis-Font, María Antonia ; Oliver, Antonio ; Blanco-Martín, Tania ; González-Bello, Concepción ; Rodríguez-Pallares, Salud ; González-Pinto, Lucía ; Alonso-García, Isaac ; Beceiro, Alejandro ; Arca-Suárez, Jorge

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to analyse the interplay between impaired iron uptake and β-lactamases on cefiderocol resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.MethodsThirty-one transferable β-lactamases and 16 intrinsic P. aeruginosa AmpC (PDC) variants were cloned and expressed in wild-type (PAO1) and iron uptake-deficient (PAO ΔpiuC) P. aeruginosa backgrounds. MICs of cefiderocol and antipseudomonal β-lactams were determined by reference broth microdilution.ResultsRelative to PAO1, deletion of piuC caused a specific 16-fold decrease in cefiderocol activity but negligible effects on the activity of other β-lactams. Among transferable β-lactamases, SHV-12, KPC Ω-loop mutants, NDMs and OXA-15 showed cefiderocol MIC values above the clinical breakpoint (2 mg/L) when expressed in PAO1. When expressed in PAO ΔpiuC, these and the transformants harbouring PER-1, VEB-1, KPC-2, KPC-3, VIM-1, CMY-2, OXA-2 and OXA-14 showed increased MIC values from 16 to >256 mg/L. The PDC variants carrying the Ω-loop changes ΔP215-G222 (PDC-577), E219K (PDC-221 and PDC-558) and the H10 helix change L293P (PDC-219) had the greatest impact on cefiderocol resistance, with MICs of 2–4 mg/L in PAO1 and of up to 32–64 mg/L in PAO ΔpiuC. Widespread enzymes such as GES, CTX-M-9, CTX-M-15, VIM-2-like enzymes, IMPs, DHA-1, FOX-4, OXA-10, OXA-48 and the other PDC variants tested had weaker effects on cefiderocol resistance.ConclusionWe add evidence about the effect of the interplay between iron uptake and β-lactamases on the acquisition of cefiderocol resistance in P. aeruginosa. These findings may help to anticipate the emergence of resistance and optimize the use of cefiderocol against P. aeruginosa infections.

01 Nov 2024·Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology

Effect of electric current in viability, biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A systematic review

Review

Author: Chavez-Manini, Corinna Aimee ; Favila-Pérez, María Alejandra ; Arzate-Quintana, Carlos ; Quiñonez-Flores, Celia María ; Reza-López, Sandra Alicia ; Castillo-González, Alva Rocío ; Camarillo-Cisneros, Javier

BACKGROUNDThe bactericidal effect of electric current has been studied in various microorganisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The objective of this review is to identify the experimental parameters with the greatest antibacterial effect in the shortest time.METHODSLiterature search was conducted in the databases PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Only original articles published between 2014 and 2023 were included, where the effect of electric current on viability, biofilm formation, and/or antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa was analyzed. Quality control criteria considered included specifying control and experimental groups, replicates performed, experimental parameters, and study limitations.RESULTSTen studies were included, which involved the strains Xen5, Xen41, PAO1 persistent cells, and PA14. An average reduction of 3.5 log in biofilm formation was observed in the included studies. The electric current parameters that achieved the greatest effect were 500 μA DC with platinum electrodes for 4 days [5.2-5.5 log], 200 μA intermittent with titanium electrodes for 4 days [4.99 log], and 150 ± 60 μA with silver electrodes for 24 h [4 log]. Complete eradication of PAO1 persistent cells was achieved in 1 h with a treatment of 70 μA/cm2 DC followed by 1.5 μg/mL tobramycin for 1 h each.CONCLUSIONSThe bactericidal effect of electric current is proportional to the exposure time and current intensity. The electrode material influences the effectiveness of the treatment, possibly because of redox reactions, while differences are observed in the effect on the cell membrane and gene expression when using metallic or carbon electrodes, suggesting differences in the mechanism of action.

Analysis

Perform a panoramic analysis of this field.

view full example data

Chat with Hiro

Get started for free today!

Accelerate Strategic R&D decision making with Synapse, PatSnap’s AI-powered Connected Innovation Intelligence Platform Built for Life Sciences Professionals.

Start your data trial now!

Synapse data is also accessible to external entities via APIs or data packages. Empower better decisions with the latest in pharmaceutical intelligence.

Bio

Bio Sequences Search & Analysis

Chemical

Chemical Structures Search & Analysis

SMOX

Basic Info

Related

Analysis