A Phase 2, Three-arm, Randomized Study of the Efficacy of Intratumorally Administered L19IL2 or L19TNF or L19IL2/L19TNF, All in Combination with Systemic Anti-PD1 Pembrolizumab, in Stage III and IV Unresectable Melanoma Patients with Resistance to or Progressing Upon Anti-PD1 Checkpoint Inhibitors and with Presence of Injectable Metastases

The trial aims to evaluate the efficacy of single agent L19IL2, single agent L19TNF, and combination L19IL2+L19TNF given concurrently with anti-PD1 therapy compared to historical control of anti-PD-1 re-challenge alone for anti-PD1 refractory unresectable stage III-IV melanoma.

Start Date12 Jul 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator

Philogen SpA

[+1]

100 Clinical Results associated with IL-2R x TNFR

100 Translational Medicine associated with IL-2R x TNFR

0 Patents (Medical) associated with IL-2R x TNFR

Literatures (Medical) associated with IL-2R x TNFR

01 May 2014·Nature ImmunologyQ1 · MEDICINE

Costimulation via the tumor-necrosis factor receptor superfamily couples TCR signal strength to the thymic differentiation of regulatory T cells

Q1 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Xing, Yan ; Boomer, Jonathan S ; Green, Jonathan M ; Yagita, Hideo ; Schenkel, Jason M ; Farrar, Michael A ; Chi, Hongbo ; Schmitz, Heather M ; Hogquist, Kristin A ; Manlove, Luke S ; Mahmud, Shawn A ; Wang, Yanyan ; Owen, David L

Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) express members of the tumor-necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily (TNFRSF), but the role of those receptors in the thymic development of Treg cells is undefined. We found here that Treg cell progenitors had high expression of the TNFRSF members GITR, OX40 and TNFR2. Expression of those receptors correlated directly with the signal strength of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and required the coreceptor CD28 and the kinase TAK1. The neutralization of ligands that are members of the TNF superfamily (TNFSF) diminished the development of Treg cells. Conversely, TNFRSF agonists enhanced the differentiation of Treg cell progenitors by augmenting responsiveness of the interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R) and transcription factor STAT5. Costimulation with the ligand of GITR elicited dose-dependent enrichment for cells of lower TCR affinity in the Treg cell repertoire. In vivo, combined inhibition of GITR, OX40 and TNFR2 abrogated the development of Treg cells. Thus, expression of members of the TNFRSF on Treg cell progenitors translated strong TCR signals into molecular parameters that specifically promoted the development of Treg cells and shaped the Treg cell repertoire.

01 May 2013·European Journal of Applied PhysiologyQ3 · MEDICINE

Moderate exercise increases the metabolism and immune function of lymphocytes in rats

Q3 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Sandro Soares Almeida ; James Navalta ; Reury Frank Pereira Bacurau ; Jonato Prestes ; Guilherme Borges Pereira ; Marco Carlos Uchida ; Ronaldo Carvalho Araújo ; Aline Villa Nova Bacurau ; Francisco Navarro ; Luis Fernando Bicudo Pereira Costa Rosa ; Milton Rocha Moraes

Exercise modulates both glucose and glutamine metabolism which influences lymphocyte function. We investigated the influence of chronic moderate exercise on glucose and glutamine metabolism in lymphocytes, the associated influence on proliferation, and cytokine and immunoglobulin production. Male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) were placed in an exercise training group (N = 15, 1 h day(-1) at 60 % VO₂max, 5 days week(-1)) for 8 weeks of exercise, or a sedentary control group. Twenty-four hours following the final training session, lymphocytes were separated, and the incorporation of [U-14C]-glucose, [U-14C]-glutamine, and [2-14C]-thymidine from the supernatant was measured. The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, hexokinase, and glutaminase was measured. Lymphocytes were stimulated with ConA and LPS and incubated with the Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine and plasma IgG and IgE were measured. Glutamine metabolism increased in both T and B lymphocytes in the trained group. In the trained group, proliferative capacity increased T lymphocytes under ConA stimulation, and increased B lymphocytes with LPS. There was a significant increase in IL-2 production and decrease in IL-4 in the trained group compared with sedentary controls. IL-2R and TNFR increased in trained rats while IL-4R decreased and were more pronounced in T lymphocytes compared with B lymphocytes. In both lymphocyte subsets, exercise training significantly increased the expression of CD54+ and CD30+ cell markers. Exercise training increased plasma IgG compared with the sedentary group. In conclusion, moderate exercise training improves immune function and metabolism in T and B lymphocytes, reflecting an increased ability to respond to immune challenges.

01 Aug 2012·Journal of Leukocyte BiologyQ3 · MEDICINE

Staphylococcus aureus directly activates eosinophils via platelet-activating factor receptor

Q3 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Tanida, Hisashi ; Fujisawa, Takao ; Nagao, Mizuho ; Tokuda, Reiko ; Suga, Shigeru ; Wada, Hideo ; Nakamura, Akiko ; Nobori, Tsutomu ; Hosoki, Koa ; Hiraguchi, Yukiko

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus (SA) directly activates eosinophils via PAF receptor to induce degranulation, superoxide, and cytokine production, suggesting that SA colonization has pathological significance in atopic dermatitis.Colonization by SA is associated with exacerbation of AD. Eosinophilic inflammation is a cardinal pathological feature of AD, but little is known about possible direct interaction between SA and eosinophils. PAFR appears to be involved in phagocytosis of Gram-positive bacteria by leukocytes. The objective of this study was to investigate whether SA directly induces eosinophil effector functions via PAFR in the context of AD pathogenesis. Peripheral blood eosinophils were cultured with heat-killed SA, and EDN release, superoxide generation, and adhesion to fibronectin-coated plates were measured. Cytokines, released in the supernatants, were quantified by multiplex bead immunoassays. FISH-labeled SA was incubated with eosinophils and visualized by confocal laser-scanning microscopy. PAFR-blocking peptide and PAFR antagonists were tested for inhibitory effects on SA-induced reactions. SA induced EDN release and superoxide generation by eosinophils in a dose-dependent manner. IL-5 significantly enhanced SA-induced EDN release. IL-5 and IL-17A significantly enhanced SA-induced superoxide generation. SA enhanced eosinophil adhesion to fibronectin, which was blocked by anti-CD49d, and induced eosinophil secretion of various cytokines/chemokines (IL-2R, IL-9, TNFR, IL-1β, IL-17A, IP-10, TNF-α, PDGF-bb, VEGF, and FGF-basic). After incubation of eosinophils with SA, FISH-labeled SA was visualized in the eosinophilsˈ cytoplasm, indicating phagocytosis. A PAFR-blocking peptide and two PAFR antagonists completely inhibited those reactions. In conclusion, SA directly induced eosinophil activation via PAFR. Blockade of PAFR may be a novel, therapeutic approach for AD colonized by SA.

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