Last update 01 Nov 2024

Conjunctivitis, Inclusion

Last update 01 Nov 2024

Basic Info

Synonyms

Blennorrhea, Inclusion, Blennorrheas, Inclusion, CONJUNCTIVITIS, CHLAMYDIA

+ [41]

Introduction

An infection of the eyes characterized by the presence in conjunctival epithelial cells of inclusion bodies indistinguishable from those of trachoma. It is acquired by infants during birth and by adults from swimming pools. The etiological agent is CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS whose natural habitat appears to be the genito-urinary tract. Inclusion conjunctivitis is a less severe disease than trachoma and usually clears up spontaneously.

Drugs associated with Conjunctivitis, Inclusion

Doxycycline Hyclate

Target

30S subunit

Mechanism

30S subunit inhibitors

Active Org.

CHARTWELL RX SCIENCES LLC [+4]

Originator Org.

Pfizer Inc.

Active Indication

Anthrax [+22]

Inactive Indication

Lyme Disease [+2]

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.

First Approval Date05 Dec 1967

Allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells(Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz)

Target-

Mechanism

Stem cell replacements

Active Org.

Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jimen

Originator Org.

Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jimen

Active Indication

Constriction, Pathologic [+3]

Inactive Indication-

Drug Highest PhasePhase 1/2

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.-

First Approval Date20 Jan 1800

Sulfisoxazole Acetyl

Target

DHPS

Mechanism

DHPS inhibitors

Active Org.-

Originator Org.

F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.

Active Indication-

Inactive Indication

Acute otitis media [+8]

Drug Highest PhaseWithdrawn

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.

First Approval Date04 Dec 1953

Clinical Trials associated with Conjunctivitis, Inclusion

NCT05520086 / Active, not recruitingPhase 1/2IIT

Phase IIa Multicenter Clinical Trial to Determine the Feasibility and Safety of the Use of Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (ASC) in the Treatment of Patients With Cicatricial Conjunctivitis Associated With Lyell's Syndrome, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Pemphigoid of the Mucous Membranes With Ocular Involvement.

A phase IIa, open label, non controlled clinical trial to assess the feasibility and safety of allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASC) in the treatment of cicatricial conjunctivitis associated with Lyell's syndrome, Stevens-Johnson's syndrome and mucous membrane pemphigoid with ocular involvement

Start Date11 Nov 2022

Sponsor / Collaborator

Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jimen

[+1]

IRCT201409248410N3 / CompletedPhase 2IIT

Effect of tacrolymus on chronic allergic conjunctivitis

Start Date20 Jul 2011

Sponsor / Collaborator

Arak University of Medical Sciences

NCT01178762 / CompletedNot ApplicableIIT

The Effect of Oral Azithromycin in the Treatment of Chlamydial Conjunctivitis

Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the major causes of sexually transmitted disease and also the leading infectious cause of blindness in the world.Treatment of C. trachomatis eye infection has involved for a long time. The efficacy of single dose azithromycin has already been demonstrated as effective in the treatment of both trachoma and adult inclusion conjunctivitis.However, in our clinical experience, some patients of chlamydial conjunctivitis may require augmented single dose azithromycin treatments before C. trachomatis is eradicated. In this way, we would like to known the efficacy of single dose and augmented single dose azithromycin in the treatment of chlamydial conjunctivitis.

Start Date01 Sep 2007

Sponsor / Collaborator

National Taiwan University Hospital

100 Clinical Results associated with Conjunctivitis, Inclusion

100 Translational Medicine associated with Conjunctivitis, Inclusion

0 Patents (Medical) associated with Conjunctivitis, Inclusion

574

Literatures (Medical) associated with Conjunctivitis, Inclusion

01 Dec 2024·Journal Français d'Ophtalmologie

Conjonctivites virales et chlamydiennes

Review

Author: Loukil, M. ; Labetoulle, M ; Loukil, M ; Barreau, E. ; Labetoulle, M. ; Zina, S ; Resnikoff, S ; Rousseau, A. ; Vauloup-Fellous, C ; Bouvet, M. ; Barreau, E ; Zina, S. ; Bouvet, M ; Rousseau, A ; Vauloup-Fellous, C. ; Benali, M. ; Benali, M ; Resnikoff, S.

Viral conjunctivitis is the most common type of conjunctivitis. It is contagious and is predominantly seen as adenovirus-related conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis (ADV). These infections are the most frequent ocular surface infections and can lead to conjunctival scarring and corneal opacities. Other types of viral conjunctivitis are often secondary to systemic infection and typically resolve spontaneously. Chlamydial conjunctivitis, on the other hand, is dominated by trachoma, which remains endemic in 42 countries and is still the leading cause of infectious blindness worldwide. In industrialized countries, chlamydia can also cause neonatal conjunctivitis and sometimes chronic conjunctivitis, occasionally associated with sexually transmitted diseases. This comprehensive review provides clinicians with essential microbiological, epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic data on these two major groups of infectious conjunctivitis.

13 Jul 2024·Cureus

A Case of Neonatal Chlamydial Conjunctivitis: Illustrating the Typical Aspects of Presentation and the Importance of Empiric Treatment and a Multidisciplinary Approach

Article

Author: Ketner, Scott ; Nwokeji, Imani ; Ding, Kun

Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common cause of infectious neonatal conjunctivitis in the United States and worldwide. If left untreated, it can cause scarring of the cornea or conjunctiva. Furthermore, neonatal chlamydial conjunctivitis is not infrequently associated with chlamydial pneumonia, making this type of neonatal conjunctivitis important to recognize and treat. We present a case of neonatal chlamydial conjunctivitis that occurred despite routine prenatal screening and the use of erythromycin ophthalmic ointment at birth. The case illustrates many of the typical aspects of the presentation of this condition as well as the importance of empiric treatment and a multidisciplinary approach, involving not only ophthalmology and pediatrics but infectious diseases and social services, when appropriate.

01 Apr 2024·International Immunopharmacology

IFNγ insufficiency during mouse intra-vaginal Chlamydia trachomatis infection exacerbates alternative activation in macrophages with compromised CD40 functions

Article

Author: Challagundla, Naveen ; Shah, Dhruvi ; Dalai, Sarat K ; Agrawal-Rajput, Reena

Chlamydia trachomatis (C.tr), an obligate intracellular pathogen, causes asymptomatic genital infections in women and is a leading cause of preventable blindness. We have developed in vivo mouse models of acute and chronic C. trachomatis genital infection to explore the significance of macrophage-directed response in mediating immune activation/suppression. Our findings reveal that during chronic and repeated C. trachomatis infections, Th₁ response is abated while T_reg response is enhanced. Additionally, an increase in exhaustion (PD1, CTLA4) and anergic (Klrg3, Tim3) T cell markers is observed during chronic infection. We have also observed that M₂ macrophages with low CD40 expression promote Th₂ and T_reg differentiation leading to sustained C. trachomatis genital infection. Macrophages infected with C. trachomatis or treated with supernatant of infected epithelial cells drive them to an M₂ phenotype. C. trachomatis infection prevents the increase in CD40 expression as observed in western blots and flow cytometric analysis. Insufficient IFNγ, as observed during chronic infection, leads to incomplete clearance of bacteria and poor immune activation. C. trachomatis decapacitates IFNγ responsiveness in macrophages via hampering IFNγRI and IFNγRII expression which can be correlated with poor expression of MHC-II, CD40, iNOS and NO release even following IFNγ supplementation. M₂ macrophages during C. trachomatis infection express low CD40 rendering immunosuppressive, Th₂ and T_reg differentiation which could not be reverted even by IFNγ supplementation. The alternative macrophages also harbour high bacterial load and are poor responders to IFNγ, thus promoting immunosuppression. In summary, C. trachomatis modulates the innate immune cells, attenuating the anti-chlamydial functions of T cells in a manner that involves decreased CD40 expression on macrophages.

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