Iodine

New modeling shows 40 million more children will suffer from hunger's worst effects by 2050 due to climate change, but immediate action could instead boost health, spur economic growth SEATTLE, Sept. 17, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- In its eighth annual Goalkeepers report released today, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation urged world leaders to increase global health spending where it is needed most in order to boost children's health and nutrition, especially in the face of the global climate crisis. The Goalkeepers report, "A Race to Nourish a Warming World," projects that without immediate global action, climate change will condemn an additional 40 million children to stunting and 28 million more to wasting between 2024 and 2050. Scaling up solutions now can avoid this outcome, while also building resilience to climate change and spurring much-needed economic growth. In 2023, the World Health Organization estimated that 148 million children experienced stunting, a condition where children don't grow to their full potential mentally or physically, and 45 million children experienced wasting, a condition where children become weak and emaciated, leaving them at much greater risk of developmental delays and death. These are the most severe and irreversible forms of chronic and acute malnutrition. At the same time, as global challenges intensify, the total share of foreign aid going to Africa has decreased. In 2010, 40% of foreign aid went to African countries. But that number is now down to just 25%—the lowest percentage in 20 years—despite more than half of all child deaths occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. This trend leaves hundreds of millions of children at serious risk of dying or suffering from preventable diseases and threatens the unprecedented progress the world made in global health across Africa between 2000 and 2020. "Today, the world is contending with more challenges than at any point in my adult life: inflation, debt, new wars. Unfortunately, aid isn't keeping pace with these needs, particularly in the places that need it the most," writes report author Bill Gates, co-chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. "I think we can give global health a second act—even in a world where competing challenges require governments to stretch their budgets." According to Gates, malnutrition is "the world's worst child health crisis," and climate change is only making it worse. Amidst this crisis, Gates calls for maintaining global health funding; immediately addressing the growing threat of child malnutrition by supporting the Child Nutrition Fund, a new platform that coordinates donor financing for nutrition; and governments fully funding the established institutions that have proven effective at protecting millions of lives each year. These institutions include Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, which is due to hold its next funding replenishment in 2025; and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, which is expected to also hold its replenishment next year. "If we do these three things, we won't just usher in a new global health boom and save millions of lives—we'll also prove that humanity can still rise to meet our greatest challenges," Gates writes. The report also shines a light on the catastrophic economic costs of malnutrition and highlights solutions that can help mitigate them. According to the World Bank, the cost of undernutrition is US$3 trillion in productivity loss every year, because malnutrition stunts people's physical and cognitive abilities. In low-income countries, that loss ranges from 3% to 16% (or more) of GDP, which amounts to a permanent 2008-level global recession every year. Proven Tools Exist Today "The best way to fight the impacts of climate change is by investing in nutrition...Malnutrition makes every forward step our species wants to take heavier and harder," Gates writes. "But the inverse is also true. If we solve malnutrition, we make it easier to solve every other problem. We solve extreme poverty. Vaccines are more effective. And deadly diseases like malaria and pneumonia become far less fatal." The report highlights proven tools that are helping solve malnutrition, building people's resilience to the worst impacts of climate change, and further driving down childhood deaths. They include: New agricultural technologies that are producing up to two to three times more milk and safer milk, which can prevent millions of cases of child stunting by 2050. Modeling shows that in India, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, and Tanzania, these technologies can prevent 109 million cases of child stunting by 2050. Efforts to scale up new ways of fortifying pantry staples, such as salt and bouillon cubes, can reduce millions of cases of anemia and prevent deaths due to neural tube defects. In Ethiopia, a new process to fortify salt with iodine and folic acid could lead to a 4% reduction in anemia and could eliminate up to 75% of all deaths and stillbirths due to neural tube defects. In Nigeria, fortifying bouillon cubes with iron, folic acid, zinc, and vitamin B12 could avert up to 16.6 million cases of anemia and up to 11,000 deaths from neural tube defects. Efforts to provide a high-quality prenatal vitamin for pregnant women could save almost half a million lives and improve birth outcomes for 25 million babies by 2040. Adopting multiple micronutrient supplements (MMS) costs as little as $2.60 for an entire pregnancy in all low- and middle-income countries. The report also highlights how promising new research into the microbiome can improve people's health. Studies indicate that better gut health can help children absorb nutrients, develop strong immune systems, and grow as they should to thrive. A deeper understanding of gut health, Gates writes, has the potential to change not just how the world treats malnutrition but also overnutrition, which impacts wealthy countries. This year's report also features essays from farmers and experts on the frontlines of the malnutrition crisis, who explain the impacts these tools are making in their communities, including Sushama Das, a dairy farmer in Astaranga, India; Coletta Kemboi, a dairy farmer in Maili Nne, Kenya; Ladidi Bako-Aiyegbusi, director of nutrition at the Nigerian Ministry of Health and Social Welfare and leader of a large-scale effort to fortify bouillon cubes; Dr. Sabin Nsanzimana, Rwandan minister of health and leader of efforts to ensure all Rwandan women have access to MMS; and Dr. Víctor Aguayo, director of child nutrition and development at UNICEF. Read their comments and the full press release here: . About the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Guided by the belief that every life has equal value, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation works to help all people lead healthy, productive lives. In developing countries, it focuses on improving people's health and giving them the chance to lift themselves out of hunger and extreme poverty. In the United States, it seeks to ensure that all people—especially those with the fewest resources—have access to the opportunities they need to succeed in school and life. Based in Seattle, Washington, the foundation is led by CEO Mark Suzman, under the direction of Co-Chairs Bill Gates and Melinda French Gates and the board of trustees. About Goalkeepers Goalkeepers is the foundation's campaign to accelerate progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (Global Goals). By sharing stories and data behind the Global Goals through an annual report, the Gates Foundation hopes to inspire a new generation of leaders—Goalkeepers who raise awareness of progress, hold their leaders accountable, and drive action to achieve the Global Goals. About the Global Goals On September 25, 2015, at the United Nations headquarters in New York, 193 world leaders committed to the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (Global Goals). These are a series of ambitious objectives and targets to achieve three extraordinary things by 2030: end poverty, fight inequality and injustice, and fix climate change. Media contact: [email protected] Photos from the report WANT YOUR COMPANY'S NEWS FEATURED ON PRNEWSWIRE.COM? 440k+ Newsrooms & Influencers 9k+ Digital Media Outlets 270k+ Journalists Opted In GET STARTED

As far as cancer treatments go, radiopharmaceuticals are conceptually simple. After all, radioactive isotopes are very good at killing cancer cells. And as targeting technology improves, large pharma companies are paying closer attention to the drug field and the many smaller biotechnology firms within it.This radio-renaissance belies the long history of radiation-based drugs, the idea for which has been around for more than half a century, said Jack Hoppin, CEO of Ratio Therapeutics, one of those small biotechs.Its not a novel concept to put a radioisotope into patients, Hoppin said, describing research into the radioisotope iodine-131 in the 1950s.Decades later in the early 2000s, GSKs Bexxar and Idec Pharmaceuticals Zevalin both won approvals to treat lymphoma, but their use never took off due to logistical and other issues. While radioisotopes became commonplace in diagnostic imaging, the current boom in radiopharmaceuticals was brought on by two drugs now owned by Novartis: Lutathera for neuroendocrine tumors and Pluvicto for prostate cancer.There have been a couple other successes in the space, but those are the two driving forces that caught everyones eye, said Hoppin. When a buyer like Novartis steps in and starts building infrastructure, and oncologists are willing to prescribe and treat directly with these drugs, it builds momentum.Ratio is still early in its own development journey. But backed by another pharma giant, Bristol Myers Squibb, the company has a front row seat to the fields rapid expansion.I think youll see these drugs evolve in the way that antibody-drug conjugates have said Hoppin. It took time to adopt and come to fruition, but were now in an era where companies are looking for fit-for-purpose molecules for radioligand therapy and the characteristics required to be successful.Merging fieldsOne of the challenges in developing radiopharmaceuticals is balancing the drugs potency with their safety. The isotope the drugs contain must be linked securely enough to a targeting compound that it reaches the target tumors, but loosely enough that it can be deposited upon arrival.To get that balance right requires more than just biology and chemistry, said Hoppin, who holds a Ph.D. in mathematics. For example, understanding the way radioactive isotopes actinium-225 in Ratios case populate into a tumor is as much a math problem as it is biological.People in pharmaceutical sciences underestimate nuclear medicine, and people in nuclear medicine underestimate pharmaceutical sciences, said Hoppin. We try to acknowledge that youre only as good as the weakest disciplinarian within your group.Ratio uses actinium-225 with a combination of targeting and linking platforms to ensure a calculated dose for its treatments, one of which is close to entering Phase 1 testing.While biotechnology advances can come in seemingly overnight breakthroughs, Hopping credits the steady accumulation of better targets and biomarkers for the growth in therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals.There wasnt a clear-cut smoking gun that changed the market, he said. [It was] more an evolution of medicinal chemistry and biomarker technology to image these agents faster and more quantitatively.Building a marketRatio is one of more than a dozen small- to mid-sized startups exploring radiopharmaceuticals. Acquisitions by large pharma companies have boosted the field, encouraging the formation of new companies and funding for those already established.Bristol Myers Squibb announced a $4.1 billion acquisition of RayzeBio at the end of last year. That same week, Eli Lilly completed a $1.4 billion purchase of Point Biopharma. Both companies have radiopharmaceutical candidates in clinical trials.Then this year, AstraZeneca bought Fusion Pharmaceuticals for $2.4 billion, continuing the dealmaking trend. There were 86 licensing, partnering or acquisition deals in the radiopharmaceuticals field over the last five years, according to a Nature report, with the number of deals nearly tripling between 2021 and 2022.There are still challenges in the field, as Hoppin can attest, from manufacturing of radioactive materials to supply chain and storage. But the future looks bright.Some of these things cant be instantly solved, but looking out a decade, there are going to be multiple approvals and really exciting times, Hoppin said. '