Breathing brief, moderate bouts of low oxygen trigger (low oxygen therapy, LOT) spinal plasticity (the ability of the nervous system to strengthen neural pathways based on new experiences), and improve walking after spinal cord injury (SCI). The greatest improvements in walking ability occur when LOT is administered prior to skill-based walking practice (WALK). However, the enduring benefits of LOT on walking recovery may be undermined by the accumulation of LOT-induced increase in extracellular adenosine. The goal of the study is to understand the extent to which istradefylline (adenosine 2a receptor antagonist) may limit the competing mechanisms of adenosine on LOT-induced walking recovery following SCI.

Start Date01 Sep 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator

The Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Corp.

CTR20230645

/ RecruitingPhase 3

伊曲茶碱片用于改善左旋多巴治疗原发性帕金森病剂末现象的多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂平行对照临床试验

[Translation] A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of istradefylline tablets for improving the wearing-off phenomenon of levodopa in the treatment of primary Parkinson's disease

评价伊曲茶碱片用于改善左旋多巴治疗原发性帕金森病剂末现象的有效性和安全性

[Translation]

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of istradefylline tablets in improving the wearing-off phenomenon of levodopa in the treatment of primary Parkinson's disease

Start Date21 Jun 2023

Sponsor / Collaborator

Shandong Chuangxin Pharmaceutical Research & Development Co., Ltd.

NCT05885360

/ CompletedPhase 4IIT

Istradefylline Effect on Parkinson's Disease Tremor, Motor Symptoms and Non-motor Symptoms

This is an investigator-initiated trial. In this 6-month open label, single arm, exploratory pilot study, the investigator intends to enroll a pilot sample of 25 patients with Parkinson's disease who are being started on the novel FDA approved medication "Istradefylline'' as an add on therapy for management of their motor symptoms (based on the judgment of the movement disorders specialist, if patients are in sub-optimal management of their symptoms on maximum tolerable dose of their dopaminergic medications). The investigator will evaluate their motor symptoms before starting the new medication, including their MDS-UPDRS total and MDS-UPDRS-III scores.

Start Date20 Jan 2023

Sponsor / Collaborator

Georgetown University

[+1]

100 Clinical Results associated with Istradefylline

100 Translational Medicine associated with Istradefylline

100 Patents (Medical) associated with Istradefylline

427

Literatures (Medical) associated with Istradefylline

01 Nov 2025·NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

Adenosine A2A receptor and glial glutamate transporter GLT-1 are synergistic targets to reduce brain hyperexcitability after traumatic brain injury in mice

Article

Author: Engel, Tobias ; Kalmeijer, Rebecca ; Alves, Mariana ; Gerbatin, Rogério ; Fedele, Denise ; Boison, Detlev

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of acquired epilepsy, with post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) significantly contributing to morbidity and mortality. To date, there is no treatment capable to prevent the development of PTE, which remains an urgent unmet need. Previous studies suggest that adenosine A_2A receptor (A_2AR) activation and glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) dysregulation may contribute to epileptogenesis, however, it is unclear whether therapeutic targeting of the A_2AR or GLT-1 can attenuate TBI-induced hyperexcitability, and whether there are synergistic interactions between the two. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of two FDA approved drugs istradefylline (A_2AR inhibitor) and ceftriaxone (GLT-1 activator) in preventing long-lasting brain hyperexcitability in a clinically relevant rodent model of TBI. Adult male mice underwent controlled cortical impact (CCI)-induced TBI and were randomly assigned to istradefylline, ceftriaxone, istradefylline/ceftriaxone, or vehicle groups, receiving treatment during the first 24 h post-injury. Susceptibility to chemoconvulsant-evoked seizures was quantified at 4-5 weeks after CCI. We show that CCI caused a reduction in GLT-1 and an increase in A_2AR protein levels in the ipsilateral hippocampus. Transient acute treatment with istradefylline or ceftriaxone reduced brain hyperexcitability at 4-5 weeks post-TBI. Notably, mice treated with the combination of istradefylline and ceftriaxone exhibited increased GLT-1 levels, accompanied by further reductions in brain hyperexcitability, showing greater effects than either drug alone. Our findings identify a novel disease-modifying approach following TBI using a combination of two FDA-approved drugs which might be useful to mitigate the long-lasting brain hyperexcitability-induced by TBI.

01 Sep 2025·EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

Comparative analysis of the antiglioblastoma activity of adenosine A2A receptor and CK1δ blockers

Article

Author: Konda Mani, Saravanan ; Kandhavelu, Meenakshisundaram ; Francucci, Beatrice ; Sureka, Chandrabose ; Marucci, Gabriella ; Sarkar, Puja ; Smirnov, Aleksei ; Alonso, Anxo Vila ; Abass, Kasim S ; Buccioni, Michela ; Yli-Harja, Olli ; Murugesan, Akshaya

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a multifactorial deadliest cancer with constrained clinical efficacy due to heterogeneity, drug resistance, side effects of the chemotherapeutic drug, necessitating the development of novel cancer therapeutics. The adenosine A_2A receptor targeted binding of antagonist leads to regulation of downstream effectors, mediating the phosphorylation of Casein kinase 1δ kinase domain (CK1δ) in cancers. Here, we performed a comparative investigation of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs, istradefylline and riluzole inhibiting adenosine A_2A receptor and CK1δ isoform in GBM cell growth. Molecular interaction of riluzole with CK1δ isoform and istradefylline with adenosine A_2A receptor was identified through molecular docking and dynamic simulations. The potential of these two FDA approved drugs in inhibiting GBM cell growth was investigated through various in-vitro analysis including dose-dependent dynamic assay, cell cycle assay, apoptosis assay by flow cytometry. Further the effect of these drugs on spheroid cell growth and cell size was measured. In silico analyses demonstrated that riluzole binds strongly to CK1δ isoform with a binding energy of -9.02 kcal/mol, whereas istradefylline binds to adenosine A_2A receptor with -9.88 kcal/mol. In vitro evaluation revealed that riluzole increased cell growth inhibition by 24 % in LN229 cells and 36 % in SNB19 cells than istradefylline. Riluzole arrested the cell cycle at S phase in both cell lines, whereas istradefylline arrest was cell line specific. Three-dimensional (3D) spheroid model of 1321N1 GBM cells further demonstrated that riluzole inhibits ∼50 % higher cell growth inhibition than istradefylline with effective reduction in spheroid volume and size. Overall, our analysis revealed that blocking of adenosine A_2A receptor downstream signaling pathway protein CK1δ with its inhibitor, riluzole, showed higher anti-GBM effect than its upstream signaling blocker, istradefylline. Thus, blocking adenosine A_2A receptor downstream effector signaling protein through its antagonist and blocking its effector protein CK1δ could provide an opportunity to develop targeted therapy for GBM.

01 Aug 2025·Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)

Parkinson Disease

Review

Author: Rawls, Ashley ; Okun, Michael S.

OBJECTIVE:

Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder that is increasing in prevalence especially as the population continues to age. This article provides an overview of the clinical presentation and evaluation for PD, genetic and environmental risk factors, and current treatments.

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS:

New treatments for motor symptoms of PD (eg, motor fluctuations, extending "on time"), including istradefylline and opicapone, have been approved. A subcutaneous pump to provide dopaminergic agents to patients is now available. Additionally, skin biopsy staining for α-synuclein has become a viable option for patients with diagnostic uncertainty of synucleinopathy.

ESSENTIAL POINTS:

PD is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative movement disorder with many potential presentations. Both motor and nonmotor symptoms are present during the disease course, and symptomatic medication and advanced surgical techniques have the potential to improve quality of life. Patients living with PD may manifest improvement in symptoms and quality of life from behavioral, pharmacologic, and surgical interventions. There remains no clear intervention to modify the progression of PD.

News (Medical) associated with Istradefylline

10 Jul 2025

·www.fiercebiotech.com

FDA releases ‘initial batch’ of more than 200 drug rejection letters

The release comes after years of back-and-forth about making CRLs public.\n The FDA has released an “initial batch“ of more than 200 complete response letters (CRLs) in efforts to boost transparency.The attempt may have created more questions, however, with only certain letters shared and some documentation provided happening outside of the four-year timeframe the FDA said the CRLs occurred during. Many also contain redactions, with some covering multiple paragraphs and large sections of the letters. According to the federal agency, the letters are responses to applications submitted to the FDA for approval of drugs or biological products between 2020 and 2024. However, certain CRLs shared occurred far outside this range, such as a 2008 rejection for Kyowa Kirin’s istradefylline—now sold as Nourianz—for Parkinson\'s disease \"off\" episodes. The drug received approval in 2019. The agency did not respond to questions regarding the timeframe discrepancies. All of the CRLs are for drugs that have since gained approval from the agency, a Department of Health and Human Services spokesperson told Fierce Biotech.“FDA has previously disclosed some CRLs as part of approval packages. Those that were previously disclosed were scattered and hard to find. Now, we are centralizing it,“ the spokesperson said. “The FDA is working to make more decision letters public, with appropriate redactions of confidential commercial information and trade secrets.”The release comes after years of back-and-forth within the agency itself and the broader industry over making the rebuffs public.“By making the CRLs available, the public now has significantly greater insight into the FDA’s decision-making and the most common deficiencies cited that sponsors must address before their application is approved,” the agency said in a July 10 release. CRLs are rejections to a drug approval request and can be issued for numerous reasons, such as safety or efficacy concerns, manufacturing deficiencies and bioequivalence issues. The agency letters list the deficiencies for the sponsor and sometimes include recommendations for addressing the problems.Historically, the FDA hasn’t publicly released the rejection letters. Sponsors are not legally required to share the details with the public.“Sponsors often misrepresent the rationale behind FDA’s decision to their stakeholders and the public,” the FDA said in today’s release.An HHS spokesperson declined to comment when asked for specific examples of sponsors misrepresenting FDA reasoning. “For far too long, drug developers have been playing a guessing game when navigating the FDA,” FDA Commissioner Marty Makary, M.D., said in the release. “Drug developers and capital markets alike want predictability. So today we’re one step closer to delivering it to them, with an ultimate goal of bringing cures and meaningful treatments to patients faster.”

Accelerated Approval

18 Aug 2024

·www.drugs.com

Enrollment Completed for Phase 2 Clinical Trial Evaluating VG081821AC for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease

HANGZHOU, China, Aug. 15, 2024. Vimgreen Pharmaceuticals, a science-driven pharmaceutical company focused on the modulation of adenosine signaling, announced today the completion of enrollment of its Phase 2 clinical trial of VG081821AC, a novel adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) antagonist that also functions as an inverse A2AR agonist, for the treatment of early-to-mid stage Parkinson's disease. A total of 150 participants have been enrolled and randomized into one of three cohorts, a high-dose VG081821 group, a low-dose VG081821 group, and a placebo group at a ratio of 1:1:1. The 12-week Phase 2 trial is a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study to investigate the safety and efficacy of VG081821 as monotherapy in early-to-mid stage PD patients. The primary endpoint was the difference of change from baseline in movement disorder society-unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (MDS-UPDRS) part III (motor symptoms) score between VG081821 and placebo over the 12 weeks of administration. For PD patients, current therapies are mainly dependent on dopamine replacement strategies with L-Dopa (top choice), dopamine agonists, MAO-B inhibitors and COMT inhibitors. These medicines either increase dopamine levels or mimic dopamine function. However, despite L-Dopa's efficacy in reducing the motor symptoms of PD, the onset of motor complications (wearing-off, ON–OFF, dyskinesia) is almost inevitable with long-term treatment. It is a well-known limit of the dopamine replacement therapy. In addition, the current therapies for PD are only symptomatic treatments. These therapies are unable to slow down the progression of PD. As an A2AR antagonist, which works non-dopaminergically, VG081821 has the potential to avoid, decrease or delay motor complications (wearing-off, ON–OFF, dyskinesia) if used early. What's special about VG081821 is that it is not only a highly potent A2A antagonist, but also a highly potent A2A receptor inverse agonist. More than a classical A2A antagonist, VG081821 may have extra therapeutic effect and greater efficacy on motor dysfunction in PD. Furthermore, VG081821 may provide not only symptomatic benefits, but also disease modifying benefits. VG081821 is expected to bring better treatment options and clinical benefits for PD patients. "In most previous trials of A2A antagonists for the treatment of Parkinson's Disease, A2A antagonists were used as an add-on treatment to alleviate off episodes in combination with L-Dopa for advanced PD patients. Although it has led to the approval of Istradefylline in US and Japan, it is not the best use of A2A antagonists for PD treatment," stated Sanxing Sun, President and Chief Executive Officer of Vimgreen. "VG081821 is to be used as monotherapy for improving movements in early-to-mid stage of PD. Later on, as the disease progresses, it can be used in combination with low doses of L-Dopa. This L-dopa sparing effect may minimize the problem of L-Dopa and prolong the quality of life of PD patients." It is known that A2AR gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are higher for PD patients. In the current Phase 2 trial of VG081821, the A2AR gene expression levels in PBMCs are to be analyzed. The potential correlation between drug efficacy and A2AR expression level may make VG081821 a precision medicine. The Phase 2 trial is to be completed in November. About VG081821AC VG081821AC/VG081821 is a potent, selective antagonist of adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) developed by Vimgreen. Adenosine A2A receptors are distributed across basal ganglia, in particular in the striatum, and are believed to be involved in the regulation of motor functions. This makes A2AR an attractive non-dopaminergic target to treat the disease. VG081821 is an innovative A2AR antagonist that is not only a highly potent A2A antagonist, but also a highly potent A2A receptor inverse agonist. It is expected to bring better treatment options and clinical benefits for PD patients. About Vimgreen Pharmaceuticals Vimgreen is a science-driven pharmaceutical company located in the beautiful city of Hangzhou, China. At Vimgreen, the research programs are focused on the modulation of adenosine signaling. Adenosine is a major signaling molecule that is involved in a variety of critical physiological processes via activation of the adenosine receptors (A1, A2A, A2B or A3), including regulation of the nervous system, immune response, vascular function, and metabolism. In recent years, substantial progress has been made to understand the role of adenosine signaling in different pathologies during disease progression. These efforts have identified therapeutic possibilities for the treatment of various diseases, by either replenishing or inhibiting relevant adenosine signaling pathways. Currently Vimgreen has two compounds in clinical development. One is VG081821, an A2AR antagonist for the treatment of Parkinson's Disease. The other compound is VG290131, an A3 agonist for the treatment of NASH. Forward Looking Statements Certain statements in this press release may be considered forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as "believes", "expects", "may", "will", "should", "potential" or the negative of these words or other comparable terminology (as well as other words or expressions referencing future events, conditions or circumstances) are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are predictions, projections and other statements about future events that are based on current expectations and assumptions and, as a result, are subject to risks and uncertainties. Many factors could cause actual future events to differ materially from the forward-looking statements in this press release, including, without limitation, those risks associated with Vimgreen's ability to execute on its commercial strategy. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date when made. Vimgreen does not assume any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. SOURCE Vimgreen Pharmaceuticals Whatever your topic of interest, subscribe to our newsletters to get the best of Drugs.com in your inbox.

Phase 2Clinical Result

15 Aug 2024

·www.prnewswire.com

Vimgreen Completes Enrollment of Its Phase 2 Clinical Trial Evaluating VG081821AC for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease

HANGZHOU, China, Aug. 15, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Vimgreen Pharmaceuticals, a science-driven pharmaceutical company focused on the modulation of adenosine signaling, announced today the completion of enrollment of its Phase 2 clinical trial of VG081821AC, a novel adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) antagonist that also functions as an inverse A2AR agonist, for the treatment of early-to-mid stage Parkinson's disease. A total of 150 participants have been enrolled and randomized into one of three cohorts, a high-dose VG081821 group, a low-dose VG081821 group, and a placebo group at a ratio of 1:1:1. The 12-week Phase 2 trial is a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study to investigate the safety and efficacy of VG081821 as monotherapy in early-to-mid stage PD patients. The primary endpoint was the difference of change from baseline in movement disorder society-unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (MDS-UPDRS) part III (motor symptoms) score between VG081821 and placebo over the 12 weeks of administration. For PD patients, current therapies are mainly dependent on dopamine replacement strategies with L-Dopa (top choice), dopamine agonists, MAO-B inhibitors and COMT inhibitors. These medicines either increase dopamine levels or mimic dopamine function. However, despite L-Dopa's efficacy in reducing the motor symptoms of PD, the onset of motor complications (wearing-off, ON–OFF, dyskinesia) is almost inevitable with long-term treatment. It is a well-known limit of the dopamine replacement therapy. In addition, the current therapies for PD are only symptomatic treatments. These therapies are unable to slow down the progression of PD. As an A2AR antagonist, which works non-dopaminergically, VG081821 has the potential to avoid, decrease or delay motor complications (wearing-off, ON–OFF, dyskinesia) if used early. What's special about VG081821 is that it is not only a highly potent A2A antagonist, but also a highly potent A2A receptor inverse agonist. More than a classical A2A antagonist, VG081821 may have extra therapeutic effect and greater efficacy on motor dysfunction in PD. Furthermore, VG081821 may provide not only symptomatic benefits, but also disease modifying benefits. VG081821 is expected to bring better treatment options and clinical benefits for PD patients. "In most previous trials of A2A antagonists for the treatment of Parkinson's Disease, A2A antagonists were used as an add-on treatment to alleviate off episodes in combination with L-Dopa for advanced PD patients. Although it has led to the approval of Istradefylline in US and Japan, it is not the best use of A2A antagonists for PD treatment," stated Sanxing Sun, President and Chief Executive Officer of Vimgreen. "VG081821 is to be used as monotherapy for improving movements in early-to-mid stage of PD. Later on, as the disease progresses, it can be used in combination with low doses of L-Dopa. This L-dopa sparing effect may minimize the problem of L-Dopa and prolong the quality of life of PD patients." It is known that A2AR gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are higher for PD patients. In the current Phase 2 trial of VG081821, the A2AR gene expression levels in PBMCs are to be analyzed. The potential correlation between drug efficacy and A2AR expression level may make VG081821 a precision medicine. The Phase 2 trial is to be completed in November. About VG081821AC VG081821AC/VG081821 is a potent, selective antagonist of adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) developed by Vimgreen. Adenosine A2A receptors are distributed across basal ganglia, in particular in the striatum, and are believed to be involved in the regulation of motor functions. This makes A2AR an attractive non-dopaminergic target to treat the disease. VG081821 is an innovative A2AR antagonist that is not only a highly potent A2A antagonist, but also a highly potent A2A receptor inverse agonist. It is expected to bring better treatment options and clinical benefits for PD patients. About Vimgreen Pharmaceuticals Vimgreen is a science-driven pharmaceutical company located in the beautiful city of Hangzhou, China. At Vimgreen, the research programs are focused on the modulation of adenosine signaling. Adenosine is a major signaling molecule that is involved in a variety of critical physiological processes via activation of the adenosine receptors (A1, A2A, A2B or A3), including regulation of the nervous system, immune response, vascular function, and metabolism. In recent years, substantial progress has been made to understand the role of adenosine signaling in different pathologies during disease progression. These efforts have identified therapeutic possibilities for the treatment of various diseases, by either replenishing or inhibiting relevant adenosine signaling pathways. Currently Vimgreen has two compounds in clinical development. One is VG081821, an A2AR antagonist for the treatment of Parkinson's Disease. The other compound is VG290131, an A3 agonist for the treatment of NASH. Forward Looking Statements Certain statements in this press release may be considered forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as "believes", "expects", "may", "will", "should", "potential" or the negative of these words or other comparable terminology (as well as other words or expressions referencing future events, conditions or circumstances) are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are predictions, projections and other statements about future events that are based on current expectations and assumptions and, as a result, are subject to risks and uncertainties. Many factors could cause actual future events to differ materially from the forward-looking statements in this press release, including, without limitation, those risks associated with Vimgreen's ability to execute on its commercial strategy. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date when made. Vimgreen does not assume any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. SOURCE Vimgreen Pharmaceuticals

Phase 2

100 Deals associated with Istradefylline

External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D04641	Istradefylline	N04B	DB11757

R&D Status

Approved

10 top approved records.

to view more data

Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Parkinson Disease	Japan	Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd.	25 Mar 2013

Developing

10 top R&D records.

to view more data

Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Primary Parkinson's disease	Phase 3	China	CSPC Zhongqi Pharmaceutical Technology Shijiazhuang Co., Ltd.	28 Feb 2019
Mild cognitive disorder	Phase 2	United States	Kyowa Kirin, Inc.	18 Jul 2022
Restless Legs Syndrome	Phase 2	United States	Kyowa Kirin, Inc.	01 Jul 2005
Drug abuse	Phase 1	United States	Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd.	01 Jan 2016
Cachexia	Phase 1	United States	Piston Bio LLC	-

Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

View All Results

Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


P5-3.017 (AAN2024)	Not Applicable	Parkinson Disease	-	Istradefylline 40mg	hkbscniiui(rnucmtfuhn) = The odds of hallucinations were significantly higher for amantadine vs. istradefylline at 40 and 20mg ojcmjyfdmf (aucnccxvsz ) View more	Positive	09 Apr 2024
				Istradefylline 20mg
MDS2023	Phase 3	-	214	Istradefylline	wdhwqvehej(rourinumyg) = sobfzozldr xadkmihlib (jzehzexyew )	Positive	27 Aug 2023
				No Istradefylline	wdhwqvehej(rourinumyg) = mqnmmwxkmr xadkmihlib (jzehzexyew )
P1-1.Virtual (AAN2022)	Not Applicable	Parkinson Disease	-	Istradefylline 20 mg	vovtcqmkjs(mgvwqmwaeo) = hvvfqtbkfy btgunptuta (tuvqdwrdwl ) View more	Positive	03 May 2022
				Istradefylline 40 mg	owxxoaysaf(mcvabmsnuo) = mlhoflehlz lnpjimctin (itobkfssuc )
NCT01968031 (KW-6002, CTgov)	Phase 3	Parkinson Disease	613	Placebo (Placebo)	hnuruzxskg(pzhjhryarw) = ipwihxyzct qvpklygqyo (daistwosmc, wybhkhiedf - bwsifdqmmu) View more	-	20 Nov 2020
				Placebo+Istradefylline 20 mg (Istradefylline 20 mg/Day)	hnuruzxskg(pzhjhryarw) = jljtxpwkgr qvpklygqyo (daistwosmc, fhrtxtweoa - yerwaeqqwx) View more
ANA2020	Phase 3	-	1,143	Istradefylline 20mg/day	acwagidnla(htxazmvzsy) = gujzfswnik uptbllzhqx (dzlqerxqsm, -1.10 to -0.40) View more	Positive	25 Sep 2020
				Istradefylline 40mg/day	acwagidnla(htxazmvzsy) = qutubmgxuq uptbllzhqx (dzlqerxqsm, -1.17 to -0.47) View more
ANA2020	Phase 2/3	-	1,160	Istradefylline 20 mg/day	nsjydskuso(ksbfzmxykq) = The most common TEAE was dyskinesia (20 mg/day, 14.6%; 40 mg/day, 16.7%; placebo, 7.5%) iinvhmlmfo (icmynnxixd ) View more	Positive	25 Sep 2020
				Istradefylline 40 mg/day
MDS2020	Not Applicable	-	31	Istradefylline 20 mg/day	hxehbbqrzq(foqklqagwe) = 2 (6.5%) patients abeszxmvyu (xmhqtwudek ) View more	-	12 Sep 2020
				Placebo
MDS2020	Phase 2/3	Parkinson Disease	1,143	Istradefylline 20mg/day	dyuoryjvco(gwzzktzbta) = Dyskinesia was the most frequent adverse event (20mg, 15%; 40mg, 17%; placebo, 8%) dxzjxbuzdt (qwtavzebkh )	Positive	12 Sep 2020
EAN2020	Not Applicable	Parkinson Disease	-	Istradefylline 40mg/day	vwgkkhdzgk(pgeipomqln) = Among TEAEs (frequency â¥5%), nasopharyngitis, dyskinesia, contusion, and constipation became more frequent with dose increase vs maintaining 20mg/day jadknjhpwi (fksjdmfqzo )	-	22 May 2020
				Placebo
WPC2019	Phase 2/3	Parkinson Disease	3,245	Istradefylline 20 mg/day	petiopiijn(ysrzthynwn) = hycidcezoz wfsxqhaftl (gkmefvyujl, -0.61 to -0.15)	Positive	03 Jun 2019

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