This is a single-center, prospective, randomized, controlled (crossover) clinical study designed to investigate the impact of lowering insulin levels on hepatic glucose production (HGP) vs de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in people with insulin resistance. The investigators will recruit participants with a history of overweight/obesity and evidence of insulin resistance (i.e., fasting hyperinsulinemia plus prediabetes and/or impaired fasting glucose and/or Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance [HOMA-IR] score >=2.73), and with evidence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Participants will undergo two pancreatic clamp procedures -- one in which serum insulin levels are maintained near hyperinsulinemic baseline (Maintenance Hyperinsulinemia or "MH" Protocol) and the other in which serum insulin levels are lowered by 50% (Reduction toward Euinsulinemia or "RE" Protocol). In both clamps the investigators will use stable-isotope tracers to monitor hepatic glucose and triglyceride metabolism. The primary outcome will be the impact of steady-state clamp insulinemia on HGP vs DNL.

Start Date01 Jan 2027

Sponsor / Collaborator

Columbia University

[+2]

NCT06434038

/ WithdrawnPhase 1IIT

Measurement of Insulin Levels in the Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) of Healthy Adults After a Single Intranasal Dose - Middle Age

The purpose of this study is to find out whether insulin, a drug approved by the FDA for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, reaches the brain and spinal cord when delivered as a nasal spray (intranasally). Intranasal insulin has been shown to improve memory and mood in patients with neurological diseases such as mild cognitive impairment and dementia, but more evidence is needed to support the ability to effectively target the brain through intranasal routes.
18 healthy middle-aged adults will be randomly assigned to receive a single intranasal dose of 40 units insulin ("low dose" group), 80 units insulin ("high dose" group), or saline (placebo, or control group). Participants will undergo an image-guided lumbar puncture (spinal tap) performed by a study clinician. Samples of cerebrospinal fluid (a fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord) and blood will be collected at 5 timepoints during the lumbar puncture: once prior to the administration of intranasal insulin, and again at 10, 20, 30, and 40 minutes after the dose is given. Samples will be tested to determine the level of insulin detected in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood at each time point. Results of this study will provide essential information about the ability of insulin to reach the brain after intranasal administration.

Start Date30 Aug 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator

Health Partners Institute For Education & Research

[+1]

NCT07608692

/ CompletedPhase 1

A Single-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Two-Formulation, Single-Dose, Two-Period Crossover Clinical Trial Comparing Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Human Insulin Injection

A study of Clinical Trial Comparing Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Human Insulin Injection,in Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (Wuhan Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Institute).To compare the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties of a single subcutaneous dose of the human insulin injection (USLIN®R, Zhuhai United Laboratories (Zhongshan) Co., Ltd.) with the reference product (Novolin®R, Novo Nordisk Inc.) in healthy male subjects,and to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of the test formulation versus the reference formulation in healthy male subjects.This single-center, randomized, double-blind, two-formulation, single-dose, two-period crossover study will enroll 32 healthy male subjects randomized 1:1 into two sequence groups (A/B, group A is administered in the sequence of T-R, while group B is in R-T). To evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the test preparation and the control preparation in healthy male subjects. Each subject will receive single doses of both test and reference formulations across two periods (with ≥14-day washout), following the predefined sequence allocation table. After completing period 2 pharmacokinetic blood sampling, subjects will administer assigned insulin TID for two consecutive days to assess test-reference immunogenicity differences.

Start Date04 Aug 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator

Zhuhai United Laboratories Co., Ltd.

100 Clinical Results associated with Insulin human (rDNA origin, Novo Nordisk)

100 Translational Medicine associated with Insulin human (rDNA origin, Novo Nordisk)

100 Patents (Medical) associated with Insulin human (rDNA origin, Novo Nordisk)

350

Literatures (Medical) associated with Insulin human (rDNA origin, Novo Nordisk)

25 Feb 2026·Cureus Journal of Medical Science

Insulin Glulisine Versus Regular Human Insulin for Prednisolone-Associated Hyperglycemia Assessed by Continuous Glucose Monitoring: An Open-Label Crossover Study

Article

Author: Takizawa, Hiroki ; Ogawa, Osamu ; Masuzawa, Masahiro ; Uzawa, Hirotsugu

BACKGROUND:

Steroid (glucocorticoid)-induced hyperglycemia is common in hospitalized patients treated with prednisolone and often requires prandial insulin. Evidence is limited regarding whether rapid-acting insulin analogs provide different glycemic profiles compared with regular human insulin under protocol-based titration.

METHODS:

We conducted a single-center, non-randomized, open-label, crossover study in hospitalized adults with type 2 diabetes or steroid-induced diabetes who were receiving morning oral prednisolone (≥5 mg/day) and required insulin therapy. After an insulin dose-adjustment period (with non-insulin agents withheld throughout the dose-adjustment and study periods), participants received insulin glulisine and regular human insulin on consecutive study days without a washout interval, switching unit-for-unit at identical pre-meal doses. Glucose profiles were assessed using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Primary endpoints were total glucose area under the curve (AUC) over 0-24 hours and time-segment AUCs (0-8, 8-12, 12-18, and 18-24 hours).

RESULTS:

Thirteen of 26 eligible patients provided informed consent; six were excluded because >25% of expected CGM readings were missing, all due to device-related recording issues, leaving seven patients for analysis. The total AUC did not differ between insulin glulisine and regular human insulin (118.02 ± 30.95 vs 117.41 ± 30.20 ×10^2 mmol/L·min; P = 0.925), and no significant differences were observed in time-segment AUCs. Mean glucose, maximum glucose, minimum glucose, mean amplitude of glycemic excursions, and time-in-range metrics were similar. Coefficient of variation was lower with insulin glulisine (28.81 ± 9.05% vs 34.55 ± 8.96%; P = 0.034). In an exploratory post hoc analysis within a 30-minute time window around 16:00, AUC, mean glucose, and maximum glucose were lower with regular human insulin than with insulin glulisine (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:

Under protocol-based titration during prednisolone treatment, insulin glulisine and regular human insulin produced comparable overall 24-hour glucose exposure. Findings on glycemic variability and post hoc time window analyses should be interpreted as exploratory and warrant confirmation in larger studies.

05 Sep 2025·Journal of the Endocrine Society

Acute Effect of Intranasal Insulin on Food Intake Among Middle-Aged African American Adults: The FIINAAL Study

Article

Author: Manrique, Isabella R ; Goodson, Mia M ; Carmichael, Owen T ; Martin, Corby K ; Salceanu, Vanessa ; Rao, Arushi ; Beyl, Robbie ; Firmin, Simon ; Newton, Robert L ; Gwizdala, Kathryn L

Abstract:

Context:

Intranasal insulin has emerged as a promising potential treatment for cognitive decline. However, African American adults are under-represented in this research area, and unintentional weight loss is a possible detrimental side effect.

Objective:

We assessed effects of acute intranasal insulin exposure on food intake and appetite-related constructs among middle-aged, obese, cognitively normal African American adults. We hypothesized that intranasal insulin would result in fewer calories consumed, greater feelings of fullness, and less hunger compared to placebo.

Method:

A total of 39 participants received intranasal doses of Novolin-R (40 IU) and a saline placebo on separate days in a double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover design, with 3-day, eucaloric, nutritionally balanced diets preceding each dose. Doses were preceded by a 4-hour fast and followed by a test lunch. Visual analog scales (VAS) were used to assess appetite immediately before and after each dose, and after each lunch. Mixed effects linear model t tests were used to compare questionnaires and lunch intake between insulin and placebo.

Results:

There were no significant differences in food intake between conditions. However, feelings of fullness were significantly greater immediately after insulin compared to placebo. In addition, the desire to consume sweet foods decreased significantly more after insulin than after placebo.

Conclusion:

Acute intranasal insulin was associated with a reduced desire for sweet foods and with increased feelings of fullness, but not reduced food intake, among middle-aged African American adults. Eating behavior and appetite changes should be explored further as possible side effects of intranasal insulin treatment for cognitive decline in diverse populations.

01 Aug 2025·JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Comparing the Efficacy of Various Insulin Types: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Glucose Clamp Effects in Healthy Volunteers

Article

Author: Chang, Yi Chien ; Jusko, William J.

Abstract:

This study compares the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of various subcutaneously (SC) dosed insulin analogs, including rapid‐acting, intermediate‐acting, long‐acting, and regular human insulin, using mechanistic pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) models. These models were applied to data from euglycemic clamp studies in healthy volunteers, where insulin pharmacokinetics and its effects on glucose utilization were monitored. Data from published studies were digitized and modeled using MONOLIX (Version 2024). The PK model described insulin absorption via sequential first‐order processes and linear elimination. The PD effects were captured using a model combination of biophase, indirect, and receptor down‐regulation components. While PK parameters—especially absorption rates—varied between insulin types, a common set of nonlinear PD parameters was sought to account for dose‐related differences in glucose utilization. The maximum glucose stimulation () was 163, and the insulin concentration for a half‐maximal effect () were 1156 pmol/L for insulin lispro, regular human insulin, neutral protamine hagedorn (NPH) insulin, and insulin glargine; 674 pmol/L for insulin aspart; and 5335 pmol/L for insulin detemir. Insulin detemir showed similar overt effects as the other insulin types but with smaller clearances and lower potency. This mechanism‐based glucose–insulin model demonstrated that most insulin analogs exhibit similar receptor‐ and transporter‐related parameters. The model, with specific PK but unified PD parameters, may enable clinical optimization of insulin therapy by highlighting differences in pharmacokinetics and operating common intrinsic glucose utilization parameters.

News (Medical) associated with Insulin human (rDNA origin, Novo Nordisk)

15 May 2026

·www.sandoz.com

Sandoz confirms European Commission approval for biosimilars Bysumlog® (insulin lispro) and Dazparda® (insulin aspart), strengthening position in diabetes

MEDIA RELEASE Biosimilars Bysumlog® (insulin lispro) and Dazparda® (insulin aspart) approved for treatment of diabetes mellitus across all indications of respective reference medicines Potential to expand access to insulin treatment options for millions of diabetes patients in Europe Further strengthens Sandoz position in diabetes, following European Commission approval of Ondibta® (insulin glargine) in January 2026 Basel, 15 May 2026 – Sandoz (SIX:SDZ/OTCQX:SDZNY), the global leader in affordable medicines, today confirms that the European Commission has granted marketing authorisation for Bysumlog (insulin lispro) and Dazparda (insulin aspart). The two biosimilar insulins, for injection in prefilled pens, are developed by Gan & Lee Pharmaceuticals.Bysumlog is approved for the treatment and initial stabilisation of diabetes mellitus in adults and children1, while Dazparda is approved for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in adults, adolescents and children aged one year or more2. Both biosimilar insulins have equivalent efficacy and comparable safety to their respective reference medicines, Humalog®* and NovoRapid®**3,4. Following these approvals, Bysumlog and Dazparda have the potential to increase competition, improve affordability and expand access to insulin treatment options for millions of people living with diabetes across Europe.Armin Metzger, President Biosimilar Development, Manufacturing and Supply, Sandoz, said: “Diabetes and its complications can devastate the lives of patients and their families and the disease is placing growing strain on healthcare systems across Europe. As prevalence continues to rise, the need for high-quality, affordable diabetes treatments is increasingly urgent. The approvals of Bysumlog and Dazparda, alongside Ondibta earlier this year, represent a meaningful step to expand access to vital insulins and reflect our commitment to drive sustainable access to life-enhancing biosimilar medicines.”Diabetes is a chronic condition that occurs when either the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, a hormone that regulates blood glucose, or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. The disease and its complications can cause blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, stroke and lower-limb amputation in some patients5. An estimated 66 million adults aged 20–79 in Europe live with diabetes and this is projected to rise by 10% to 72 million by 2050, with related healthcare expenditure approaching USD 200 billion6.Sandoz entered into an agreement with Gan & Lee in December 2018 to commercialise biosimilar versions of the insulins aspart, lispro and glargine. Under the terms of the agreement, Sandoz will commercialise in Europe and other key territories around the world, while Gan & Lee is responsible for development, manufacturing and supply.The approvals contribute to the continued Sandoz leadership and pioneering legacy in biosimilars, dating back to the introduction of the first biosimilar in 2006. They underscore the company’s commitment to help millions of patients access biologic medicines sustainably and affordably through a global portfolio of 13 biosimilars, supported by an industry-leading pipeline. They further strengthen the Sandoz position in diabetes, while representing another step towards the overall strategic objective of capitalising on a projected ~USD 320 billion biosimilar market opportunity over the next 10 years7.*Humalog® is a registered trademark of Eli Lilly and Company **NovoRapid® is a registered trademark of Novo Nordisk A/S About Bysumlog (insulin lispro)Insulin lispro is a rapid-acting insulin analogue which is modified to provide plasma insulin within 10 to 15 minutes after subcutaneous injection. The insulin peak concentration appears within 30 to 70 minutes after injection and the effect of insulin lispro can last two to five hours. It can effectively control postprandial blood sugar. Insulin lispro shows the characteristics of rapid action, short duration of action and lower risk of late post‑prandial and nocturnal hypoglycaemia compared with regular human insulin. It is typically used in combination with long-acting insulin to achieve both basal and postprandial blood glucose control in patients with diabetes. As a biosimilar, insulin lispro has equivalent efficacy and comparable safety to its reference medicine1.About Dazparda (insulin aspart)Insulin aspart is a rapid-acting insulin analogue in which the proline at position B28 of the human insulin amino acid chain is replaced with aspartic acid, accelerating the rate of subcutaneous absorption. Following subcutaneous injection, insulin aspart has an onset of action within 10 to 20 minutes, reaches a peak effect within one to three hours post-administration, and has a duration of action of three to five hours, enabling effective control of postprandial blood glucose levels. As a biosimilar, insulin aspart has equivalent efficacy and comparable safety to its reference medicine2.DISCLAIMERThis Media Release contains forward-looking statements, which offer no guarantee with regard to future performance. These statements are made on the basis of management’s views and assumptions regarding future events and business performance at the time the statements are made. They are subject to risks and uncertainties including, but not confined to, future global economic conditions, exchange rates, legal provisions, market conditions, activities by competitors and other factors outside of the control of Sandoz. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialise or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual outcomes may vary materially from those forecasted or expected. Each forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date of the particular statement, and Sandoz undertakes no obligation to publicly revise any forward-looking statements, except as required by law.REFERENCES1 European Medicines Agency (EMA). Bysumlog® (insulin lispro): Product details. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/bysumlog [Last accessed: May 2026]2 European Medicines Agency (EMA). Dazparda® (insulin aspart): Product details. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/dazparda [Last accessed: May 2026]3 European Medicines Agency (EMA). Humalog® (insulin lispro): Product information. Available from: Humalog, INN-insulin lispro [Last accessed: May 2026]4 European Medicines Agency (EMA). NovoRapid ® (insulin aspart): Product information. Available from: NovoRapid, INN-insulin aspart [Last accessed: May 2026]5 World Health Organization. Diabetes Factsheet. Available at: Diabetes [Last accessed: May 2026]6 IDF Diabetes Atlas 11th edition 2025. Available at: https://diabetesatlas.org/resources/idf-diabetes-atlas- 2025/ [Last accessed: May 2026]7 Data on file. Covers US and EU markets (2026–2035). Originator sales and LoE based on internal analysis of data from multiple subscription databases. Biosimilar data accessed in September 2025ABOUT SANDOZSandoz (SIX: SDZ; OTCQX: SDZNY) is the global leader in affordable medicines, with a growth strategy driven by its Purpose: pioneering access for patients. More than 20,000 colleagues of 100 nationalities work together to ensure over one billion patients are reached by Sandoz, generating substantial global healthcare savings and an even larger social impact. Its leading portfolio of approximately 1,300 medicines addresses diseases from the common cold to cancer. Headquartered in Basel, Switzerland, Sandoz traces its heritage back to 1886. In 2026, Sandoz celebrates 20 years of pioneering biosimilars, 80 years of antibiotics manufacturing and 140 years of heritage. In 2025, Sandoz recorded net sales of USD 11.1 billion. CONTACTS Global Media Relations contacts Investor Relations contacts Global.MediaRelations@sandoz.com Investor.Relations@sandoz.com Alexis Kalomparis +41 792 790285 Craig Marks +44 7818 942 383 Chris Lewis +49 174 244 9501 Tamara Hackl +41 79 790 5217 Gregor Rodehueser +49 170 574 3200 Silvia Siegfried +41 79 795 9061

Drug ApprovalLicense out/in

24 Mar 2026

·www.fiercepharma.com

Lilly to remove certain insulin products from European markets by 2027

Lilly will discontinue certain insulin products in Europe before the second quarter of 2027. Eli Lilly is scaling back its legacy insulin footprint in Europe, with plans to discontinue a swath of products for “commercial reasons.” The company is removing several of its insulin presentations, including short- and rapid-acting, mixed-acting and long-acting iterations of its products containing human insulin, insulin lispro and insulin glargine across selected European countries, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) announced on Monday. The discontinuations are all expected to play out before the second quarter of 2027, but the specific products and withdrawal timelines differ across European countries. The retreat, which includes versions of Humalog and Abasaglar, comes as Lilly increasingly leans on its high-growth GLP-1 portfolio.EMA listed the update as a supply shortage, but notes that Lilly has “decided to stop marketing some of its insulin medicines for commercial reasons” and not due to a safety or quality issue. Specifically, Lilly is removing its Humalog Mix25 (a mix of 25% insulin lispro and 75% insulin lispro protamine) across all of the European countries in which it's currently marketed in.Several other insulin products in multiple administration will be discontinued, a related medical shortage communication (PDF) laid out. Those products include short-and rapid-acting Lyumjev in different dose strengths, Humulin S (human insulin), Humalog, Liprolog, intermediate-acting Humulin I, mixed-acting Humalog Mix50 and Humulin M3, plus long-acting Abasaglar (known as Basaglar in the U.S.). The decision came after “careful consideration and a thorough market assessment,” the company said in the shortage communication, which was sent out to healthcare professionals across European member states. The discontinuations are “not a consequence of any safety, efficacy or quality related issue,” Lilly stressed. The drugmaker further emphasized that patients must be switched to an alternative insulin treatment before the discontinuation take effect in order to avoid missing doses and may need to adjust doses based on potential differences with an alternative product. Discontinuation of Lilly’s Humalog already hit the U.K. last year, with a notice that stock of certain products would be depleted by April and May of 2026. Humalog reached the U.S. market in 1996 as the world’s first rapid-acting insulin analog. Since then, the company’s “Humalog family” has grown to include multiple different treatment options. More recently, as Lilly’s diabetes drug portfolio has been dominated by newer blockbusters such as its GLP-1 Mounjaro and Boehringer Ingelheim-partnered Jardiance, the company did not report specific Humalog sales in 2025. In 2024, Humalog saw a 40% year-over-year revenue decline to $2.3 million. The drug has been the subject of pricing controversy, with a years-long lawsuit slamming Lilly and fellow insulin makers Sanofi and Novo Nordisk for an “insidious” pricing war that caused steep price hikes. Lilly moved to resolve the nationwide class action with a $13.5 million settlement, but the deal was called off in 2024.The company ultimately slashed its insulin prices by 70% in 2023 and continues the push to bring down its insulin prices with a recently effective 70% price cut for other versions of its insulins. Still, Lilly hasn’t yet escaped the pricing concerns, with the state of Indiana filing a January lawsuit accusing the company of artificially inflating insulin prices.

Patent InfringementBiosimilar

23 Apr 2025

·pharma.economictimes.indiatimes.com

Novo Nordisk to phase out some forms of Mixtard insulin, cos spot big opportunity

New Delhi: As Novo Nordisk prepares to phase out some forms of its human premix insulin brand Mixtard-a move seen overlapping with its planned launch of weight-loss drug Wegovy in India-other top insulin makers are rushing to ramp up production capacity to bridge the potential demand-supply gap the move is expected to create, said top company executives. The Danish pharma major, the maker of semaglutide blockbusters Ozempic and Wegovy, is planning to retire a range of insulin formulations available in easy-to-use disposable pen and cartridge forms by the end of this year. This would include human insulin in penfill and flexpen, including Mixtard 30 Penfill and Flexpen, Actrapid Penfill and Flexpen, Insulatard Penfill and Flexpen, and Mixtard 50 Penfill over the next six months. It will also phase out insulin brand Levemir in FlexPen and Xultophy FlexTouch (Insulin + GLP1). The company recently informed Abbott India about this planned phase-out, according to a document accessed by ET. Abbott is the marketing partner for Novo's insulin. Confirming the development, a Novo Nordisk spokesperson said, "In order to meet increasing patient demand and ensure a stable supply of our medicines, we have decided to consolidate our insulin portfolio, as this will create space needed in our global manufacturing network. Hence, in this process, we are phasing out the penfill." However, the company said it is not discontinuing Mixtard in India and "it will continue to be available in vials". The company did not provide any details on specific brands. "Along with it, other forms of insulins, including human insulins from Novo Nordisk, will continue to be available in vials and devices for patients across India," the spokesperson said. "With the decision, we strive not to leave any patients without alternative treatment options, either from Novo Nordisk or other companies. It is important to us that the transition to other devices or treatment options is as smooth as possible for patients." The phasing out of the penfill Mixtard creates an opportunity for other human premix insulin makers such as Lupin , Eris, Eli Lilly, Wockhardt and Cadila , said industry insiders. Amit Bakshi, MD, Eris Lifesciences , which is ramping up capacity to produce penfill insulin said, "Our strategy is to make sure how we are available through and through and how we can ramp up manufacturing." However, according to him the transition phase may be a "small level of emergency", as a lot of hoarding has been happening in the last couple of months after the news has been out, with several large stockists and patients increasing their stock. "We may not be able to take on all of the demand immediately but are planning to take 60-70% of it." By Rica Bhattacharyya & Vikas Dandekar ,

100 Deals associated with Insulin human (rDNA origin, Novo Nordisk)

External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D03230	-	A10AF01 A10AD01 A10AC01	DB00030

R&D Status

Approved

10 top approved records.

to view more data

Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Diabetes Mellitus	United States	Novo Nordisk, Inc.	30 Aug 1983

Developing

10 top R&D records.

to view more data

Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Shock, Septic	Phase 3	Germany	Novo Nordisk A/S	01 Apr 2003
Shock, Septic	Phase 3	Germany	B. Braun Melsungen AG	01 Apr 2003
Shock, Septic	Phase 3	Germany	HemoCue AB	01 Apr 2003
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1	Phase 3	United States	Novo Nordisk A/S	01 Jun 2002
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2	Phase 2	United States	Novo Nordisk A/S	06 Oct 2015
Sepsis	Clinical	United States	Novo Nordisk A/S	01 Jul 2003
Surgical Wound Infection	Clinical	United States	Novo Nordisk A/S	01 Jul 2003

Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

View All Results

Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


NCT05866367 (INI-CSF, CTgov)	Phase 1	-	2	Low dose Regular Insulin (Low dose Intranasal Insulin)	jzezbjhaon(zaerzqeaec) = xmmtvtknvj olyqdcifaa (dzbjsesfdp, 0.64) View more	-	18 Nov 2025
				High dose Regular insulin (High dose Intranasal Insulin)	lkdgjvpldu(beqtetmrks) = qeigiouogq nbiuehgppt (edcfuoxhzo, vckoulryvt - yqhpzmwygn) View more
NCT04115384 (CTgov)	Phase 2	Frontotemporal Dementia	3	Novolin-R insulin	eviccmbnos = xmklervwtm pfjuntdgeh (ydctqyzclj, ppvonovwhe - chhlowrlyg) View more	-	06 Jul 2023
NCT02415556 (MemAID, CTgov)	Phase 2	Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2	289	Regular Human Insulin (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - Insulin)	cgtgzgizwa(jptmyrcdgv) = bjzbgdwqpa aaddbwizkk (zoxzyhjpus, 22.94) View more	-	17 Sep 2021
				Placebo (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - Placebo)	cgtgzgizwa(jptmyrcdgv) = ygvvdtcshk aaddbwizkk (zoxzyhjpus, 21.04) View more
NCT03511521 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Insulin Resistance \| Steroid-induced hyperglycemia	3	glargine+Humulin N+Novolin N+Insulin Aspart (NPH Insulin)	phbuxjwfqy(sqvxmxkatg) = hweyvauavk vhknxoplew (arswxlrjxq, 81.0) View more	-	11 Sep 2020
				glargine+Insulin Aspart (Basal/Bolus Insulin)	phbuxjwfqy(sqvxmxkatg) = jnyjdtricr vhknxoplew (arswxlrjxq, 61.8) View more
NCT02064166 (CTgov)	Phase 2	Multiple System Atrophy \| Parkinson Disease	15	Intranasal Insulin (Insulin)	hhpogtdgot(tkzbplgxwl) = jstgznfcev apiivworsl (grhmktlfgh, hyytivrmja - gkvktuxxow) View more	-	23 Nov 2018
				Intranasal Insulin (Placebo)	hhpogtdgot(tkzbplgxwl) = agcavshgtn apiivworsl (grhmktlfgh, voykhblwba - tapuiwavcm) View more
NCT00747409 (Pubmed)	Phase 4	Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2	109	Analogue insulin (insulin detemir and insulin aspart)	dvexmnuegt(ezeijwtnmg) = msguvjktzq zfkaxbvffg (ippjjqofnz ) View more	-	16 Jan 2016
				Human insulin (NPH-insulin and regular HI)	dvexmnuegt(ezeijwtnmg) = uyaqlkqkof zfkaxbvffg (ippjjqofnz )
NCT02138006 (SDIS, CTgov)	Not Applicable	Stroke \| Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 \| Renal Insufficiency ... View more	102	Intensive insulin treatment (Intensive Insulin Treatment)	diqkullwzq = izldgoqlct hvhfblkcpx (quexannmlh, igxcdbfhxw - xyjuxqspvx) View more	-	21 Dec 2015
				Standard insulin treatment (Standard Insulin Treatment)	diqkullwzq = zdimhkidfo hvhfblkcpx (quexannmlh, ikvfjmdlmn - cdnqtrvmlm) View more
NCT01206322 (CTgov)	Phase 2	Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2	30	placebo (Diabetes Group: Placebo)	akourkgwmd(arzjdzttmt) = itjotjzhvy muqtxebwvq (pogaqhlseu, 8.86) View more	-	28 Oct 2014
				placebo (Diabetes Group: Insulin)	akourkgwmd(arzjdzttmt) = eolwnoosgx muqtxebwvq (pogaqhlseu, 9.85) View more
NCT00391027 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2	261	Inhaled Human Insulin (Exubera®)+Human Insulin (Inhaled Human Insulin (Exubera®))	iagdajyaue(wmfythfory) = jxuughxgir evijtmhhru (llwwyripqj, 1.19) View more	-	21 Oct 2009
				Lantus+Insulin Glargine (Insulin Glargine (Lantus®))	iagdajyaue(wmfythfory) = egcuzdfamh evijtmhhru (llwwyripqj, 1.14) View more

Translational Medicine

Boost your research with our translational medicine data.

view full example data

Deal

Boost your decision using our deal data.

view full example data

Core Patent

Boost your research with our Core Patent data.

view full example data

Clinical Trial

Identify the latest clinical trials across global registries.

view full example data

Approval

Accelerate your research with the latest regulatory approval information.

view full example data

Biosimilar

Competitive landscape of biosimilars in different countries/locations. Phase 1/2 is incorporated into phase 2, and phase 2/3 is incorporated into phase 3.

view full example data

Regulation

Understand key drug designations in just a few clicks with Synapse.

view full example data

Hiro LS Researcher

The AI Search Engine Built to Accelerate Biopharma Decisions

Search across billion-scale life sciences data to uncover signals, validate evidence, and act with confidence.

Ask any biopharma research question→

Get started for free today!

Accelerate Strategic R&D decision making with Synapse, Patsnap’s AI-powered Connected Innovation Intelligence Platform Built for Life Sciences Professionals.

Discover Synapse Data Servers

Synapse data is now integrated into the PatSnap LS Model Context Protocol (MCP) service. Customize your LLM agent now using our MCP server!

Bio

Bio Sequences Search & Analysis

Chemical

Chemical Structures Search & Analysis