Delving into the Latest Updates on Terpinen-4-ol with Synapse

Overview

Basic Info

Drug Type

Small molecule drug

Synonyms-

Target-

Action-

Mechanism-

Therapeutic Areas

Infectious DiseasesEye DiseasesSkin and Musculoskeletal Diseases+ [1]

Active Indication-

Inactive Indication

BlepharitisInfestation by DemodexUnspecified blepharoconjunctivitis

Originator Organization

Tissue Technologies, Inc.

Active Organization-

Inactive Organization

BioTissue Holdings, Inc.

Drug Highest PhasePendingPhase 1

First Approval Date-

Regulation-

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Numerous essential oils have been well acknowledged as eco-friendly alternatives to combat insect pests due to synthetic insecticide-induced pest resistance and environment pollution. As a highly commercial essential oil, tea tree oil exhibits excellent insecticidal and repellent activities. However, the molecular mechanism of the olfactory system mediating the tea tree oil-induced repellency against insect pests remains unknown. In our study, mosquito was used as a suitable model to examine the molecular mechanism of tea tree oil-induced repellency against insect pests. The results showed that tea tree oil exhibited excellent spatial and oviposition repellency against Aedes aegypti adults and outstanding repellency against larvae, which were conferred by the main constituent terpinen-4-ol. The reduced repellency in the Orco^-/- mutant strain revealed that tea tree oil-induced repellency against mosquitoes was dependent on odorant receptor(s). Moreover, we identified one antenna-biased odorant receptor, AaOr96, that was involved in detecting constituents of tea tree oil to elicit repellency, and the predicted protein-ligand complex indicated that AaOr96 interacted with terpinen-4-ol via van der Waals forces from five key residues. Finally, knocking out AaOr96 resulted in a reduced spatial repellency against A. aegypti by tea tree oil and terpinen-4-ol, and a reduced oviposition repellency by terpinen-4-ol, but not by tea tree oil. Our study not only reveals that tea tree oil has great potential in pest management but also provides more insights into the molecular basis of repellency of essential oils.

01 Feb 2025·Food Chemistry

Revealing the off-flavors in hydro-distilled essential oils of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) by flavoromics strategy and computational simulation

Article

Author: Zhao, Qian ; Deng, Xinping ; Chen, Shiguo ; Zhang, Keer ; Li, Zhongxin ; Chen, Jianle ; Ye, Zhiyue ; Ye, Xingqian ; Wang, Guangnan ; Liu, Mingqi ; Cheng, Huan

Citrus essential oils (EOs) are renowned for their aroma, but thermal extraction methods can introduce undesirable cooking and pungent odors. The specific compounds responsible for these off-flavors and their perception mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the flavor differences between cold pressing (CP) and hydro-distilled (HD) extracted essential oils from sweet oranges (SEOs) using flavoromics strategy. The results indicated that increased levels of alcohol compounds, particularly terpinen-4-ol, β-citronellol, geraniol, trans-carveol, and α-terpineol, were primarily responsible for the off-flavors in HD-extracted SEOs. Furthermore, molecular docking and dynamics simulations revealed that off-flavor compounds bind to olfactory receptors through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, inducing slight structural and conformational changes that facilitate odor recognition and activate downstream signaling events. This study offers crucial insights into the mechanisms underlying off-flavor development in citrus EOs, providing valuable knowledge for optimizing extraction methods, controlling SEOs quality, and advancing flavor science.

01 Jan 2025·Heliyon

Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of kaffir lime essential oils and their active constituents against Staphylococcus aureus focusing on sortase A

Article

Author: Jiamboonsri, Pimsumon ; Pontanayodsakorn, Chayapol ; Eurtivong, Chatchakorn

Staphylococcus aureus biofilm has become a global medical concern due to rising antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the potential activities of kaffir lime essential oils and their active compounds as alternative anti-S. aureus biofilm agents. The compositions of the essential oils were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and their antibacterial activity was determined through broth-microdilution and time-kill assays. Antibiofilm activities were assessed using Congo red agar (CRA) well diffusion method, pre-biofilm inhibition resazurin assay, and post-biofilm inhibition assay. Sortase A (SrtA) inhibition was also investigated using in silico and in vitro approaches. This is followed by morphological studies to observe change in biofilm formations using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Phytochemical analysis revealed that the kaffir lime essential oils from leaves (KLL) and peels (KLP) were primarily composed of the monoterpene aldehyde citronellal (59.13 %) and the monoterpene hydrocarbon (-)-limonene (25.69 %). However, the monoterpenoid alcohols, β-citronellol and terpinen-4-ol, which were the third most abundant compounds in KLL (5.35 %) and KLP (10.87 %), respectively, were selected for further study. All test compounds exhibited anti-Staphylococcal activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of 0.1-0.3 % v/v. Their inhibition above the MIC levels showed time- and concentration-independence. Among the test compounds, terpinen-4-ol revealed good antibiofilm activity by inhibiting biofilm formation rather than eradicating the established biofilm. However, terpinen-4-ol exhibited weak SrtA inhibition with docking score of 32.58 and in vitro SrtA inhibition of 46.14 ± 3.58 % at 1 % v/v. Interestingly, terpinen-4-ol caused visible damage to the bacterial cell barrier, as revealed by SEM micrographs. These findings suggest the potential use of kaffir lime oils and their active compounds to combat biofilm-forming S. aureus infection.

100 Deals associated with Terpinen-4-ol

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R&D Status

10 top R&D records.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Unspecified blepharoconjunctivitis	Phase 1	United States	BioTissue Holdings, Inc.	28 Feb 2014
Blepharitis	Phase 1	United States	BioTissue Holdings, Inc.	01 Feb 2014
Infestation by Demodex	Phase 1	United States	BioTissue Holdings, Inc.	01 Feb 2014

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Clinical Result

Indication

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Evaluation

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Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


NCT01647217 (DBTS, CTgov)	Phase 1	Infestation by Demodex \| Blepharitis	17	Terpinen-4-ol (Terpinen-4-ol Treatment Arm)	lrknuhojxv(veqodmybht) = hdqeautgtu gtrbbivarq (vhpzzcpvoz, lpkrvzmavk - doaultbaso) View more	-	26 Jul 2017
NCT01647217 (DBTS, CTgov)	Phase 1	Infestation by Demodex \| Blepharitis	17	Placebo (Placepo Pads Contol Arm)	lrknuhojxv(veqodmybht) = yfwqhffnjx gtrbbivarq (vhpzzcpvoz, thvvihzkfq - bfhktfkyxi) View more	-	26 Jul 2017
UEGW2015	Not Applicable	Colorectal Cancer	-	Terpinen-4-ol	vapblnnpjc(udqrolcgws) = jrewsnactj nbxzdellcw (xtbiojgadt )	Positive	01 Oct 2015