Vildagliptin/Metformin Hydrochloride

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders with great challenge in its treatment due to its pathological complication. In recent decade, there is extensive use of applying nanotechnology to medicinal plants as a trend in diabetes treatment due to phytochemical constituents. The present study aimed to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of selenium cleome droserifolia nanoparticles (Se-CNPs) and/or Galvus met® treatment on streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus in male rats. Fifty male Wistar rats were divided equally into five groups: control group, control diabetic group, diabetic group treated with Se-CNPs, diabetic group treated with Galvus met® and diabetic group treated with Se-CNPs plus Galvus met®. Glucose and insulin levels, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Total Cholesterol (TC), Triacylglycerols (TG), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL-c), Very Low Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c), Low Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and (NEFAs), urea and creatinine were evaluated. Also, histopathological changes in pancreatic tissue were examined. The results showed significant elevation in serum glucose concentration, ALT and AST activities, TG, LDL-c, VLDL-c and Non Esterified Fatty Acids (NEFAs), urea and creatinine levels while a significant decrease in serum insulin and HDL-c concentration in untreated diabetic rats when compared with control. Meanwhile, daily administration of Se-CNPs and/or Galvus met® to diabetic rats showed significant amelioration of these parameters.

The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin (Galvus®) is approved for use as monotherapy and combination therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. A fixed-dose combination of vildagliptin/metformin (Eucreas®) is also available. This article reviews the clinical efficacy and tolerability of vildagliptin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, as well as summarizing its pharmacological properties. Results of randomized controlled trials demonstrated that oral vildagliptin improved glycaemic control when administered as monotherapy, as dual therapy in combination with metformin, a sulfonylurea or a thiazolidinedione, as triple therapy in combination with metformin plus a sulfonylurea, and in combination with insulin with or without metformin. Improvements in glycaemic control were also seen with vildagliptin in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate or severe renal impairment. Vildagliptin was generally well tolerated in patients with type 2 diabetes, was weight neutral and was associated with a low risk of hypoglycaemia, reflecting its glucose-dependent mechanism of action. Thus, oral vildagliptin is a useful option as monotherapy or as add-on therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes.