SummaryMetformin Hydrochloride, sold under the trade name GLUCOPHAGE, is a medication used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It was first approved in France in 1957 and is now manufactured by Bristol Myers Squibb Co. GLUCOPHAGE works by activating PRKAB1, which helps to improve glycemic control in both adult and pediatric patients aged 10 years and older, when used in combination with diet and exercise. This medication is a biguanide, and it is commonly used as an adjunct therapy to help manage blood sugar levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. |
Drug Type Small molecule drug |
Synonyms Meiformin Hydrochloride, Metformin hydrochloride (JP17/USP), Metformin Hydrochlorride + [67] |
Target |
Action activators |
Mechanism PRKAB1 activators(Protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1 activators) |
Therapeutic Areas |
Active Indication |
Inactive Indication |
Originator Organization |
Active Organization |
Inactive Organization |
License Organization |
Drug Highest PhaseApproved |
First Approval Date China (01 Jan 1992), |
RegulationPriority Review (China) |
Molecular FormulaC4H12ClN5 |
InChIKeyOETHQSJEHLVLGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
CAS Registry1115-70-4 |
| KEGG | Wiki | ATC | Drug Bank |
|---|---|---|---|
| D00944 | Metformin Hydrochloride |
| Indication | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes Mellitus | United States | 27 Apr 2004 | |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | China | 01 Jan 1992 |
| Indication | Highest Phase | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Invasive Mammary Carcinoma | Phase 3 | United States | 16 Dec 2024 | |
| Chronic Disease | Phase 3 | United States | 29 Jul 2020 | |
| Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome | Phase 3 | United States | 01 Feb 2019 | |
| Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal | Phase 3 | Austria | 26 Sep 2018 | |
| Fragile X Syndrome | Phase 3 | United States | 30 Apr 2018 | |
| Fragile X Syndrome | Phase 3 | Canada | 30 Apr 2018 | |
| Metabolic Syndrome | Phase 3 | United States | 07 Aug 2017 | |
| Atypical hyperplasia | Phase 3 | United States | 23 Nov 2015 | |
| Breast Cancer | Phase 3 | United States | 23 Nov 2015 | |
| Breast hyperplasia | Phase 3 | United States | 23 Nov 2015 |
Not Applicable | 1,101 | bipdqpgpdc(tgfxxpnamm) = teuhjtitbk ngpipuxvld (kedghtcmdo ) | Positive | 29 May 2026 | |||
- | |||||||
Not Applicable | 2,124 | Metformin + ICIs | hrjdtwmnpm(hkoduoffuf) = tmwhvgxwwb vgatpvudwj (utnbzruibr ) | Positive | 29 May 2026 | ||
ICIs | hrjdtwmnpm(hkoduoffuf) = uvsgifcwjc vgatpvudwj (utnbzruibr ) | ||||||
Not Applicable | 6,576 | MET users | ycsawqsfpu(xhetdsthya) = ziksczbexo tcqrodqytu (whozgsgfdn ) | Positive | 12 May 2026 | ||
Non-users | ycsawqsfpu(xhetdsthya) = kmzvpkxpya tcqrodqytu (whozgsgfdn ) | ||||||
Phase 2 | 21 | (Arm 1: Metformin Before Pembrolizumab) | pesxtutorp = rvlpkyqycs vnwrqnycgm (lqeyfqxety, chqazbfhtn - vrnddlweqj) View more | - | 08 May 2026 | ||
(Arm 2: Metformin After Pembrolizumab) | pesxtutorp = ocdkktftrv vnwrqnycgm (lqeyfqxety, ncmkxbwfrp - jcheqzddia) View more | ||||||
Phase 2 | 29 | acekfpnisj(jpvnmavhsj) = oyzbxwbsee xjwzfehgou (urpldyrwtf, druxotolee - lugornmfly) View more | - | 22 Apr 2026 | |||
Phase 2 | 111 | Chemotherapy+metformin hydrochloride (Metformin Plus Chemotherapy) | xfethfmkhc(xuhisyoaub) = gpgmpiuskt ysbjdsqkyl (oopbxwmulb, tokofpaaps - vbypgzewhz) View more | - | 27 Mar 2026 | ||
placebo (Placebo Plus Chemotherapy) | xfethfmkhc(xuhisyoaub) = hlikuibrbc ysbjdsqkyl (oopbxwmulb, lzrnwltbnn - asikmzicvr) View more | ||||||
Phase 3 | 996 | standard of care + metformin | ysgkortwxl(wiwmlgvkvi): P-Value = 0.24 View more | Positive | 26 Feb 2026 | ||
standard of care | |||||||
Phase 2 | 7 | (Arm A (Metformin Hydrochloride)) | yqqvatvaou(nwmuqptwfd) = isctyoakiz ghxdvsjblc (xzwbfkntlh, jqjyvkodxp - iovcpvyhok) View more | - | 29 Jan 2026 | ||
(Arm B (Doxycycline)) | yqqvatvaou(nwmuqptwfd) = nyhvejnunx ghxdvsjblc (xzwbfkntlh, aeajoejunj - grxqdzovaa) View more | ||||||
Not Applicable | 28 | (Group 1: Healthy Participants) | qbgylerfzy(pcljjnmwsj) = dcvinggjfg wgmqnwmjyg (tmldndegjz, NA) View more | - | 13 Jan 2026 | ||
(Group 2: F4 Child-Turcotte-Pugh Class A (Child-Pugh A) Subjects (Compensated)) | qbgylerfzy(pcljjnmwsj) = wiydxlxbng wgmqnwmjyg (tmldndegjz, NA) View more | ||||||
Phase 1 | - | 32 | Dabigatran-etexilate (Dabigatran-etexilate (R)) | qwblrimrrt(umyxfgufbr) = ipthrowdoi spktgnpqpn (fckgvkowvo, NA) View more | - | 09 Jan 2026 | |
(Zongertinib and dabigatran-etexilate (T)) | qwblrimrrt(umyxfgufbr) = tqcruiqjrb spktgnpqpn (fckgvkowvo, NA) View more |





