Ampicillin Sodium/Sulbactam Sodium

Cronobacter sakazakii is known as a food-poisoning bacterium that can withstand stressed environments. This study highlights the urgent need for effective antimicrobial alternatives by examining the emergence of antibiotic-resistant C. sakazakii in Egyptian dietary foods and the effects of essential plant oils and silver nanoparticles. The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the fifteen C. sakazakii-positive samples were assessed using ten distinct antibiotics. Furthermore, a well diffusion method is used to estimate the minimum inhibitory concentrations of essential oils and silver nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy was also used to examine the morphological changes of the powerful antibiotic-resistant strain. Ipenem, ampicillin sulbactam, gentamicin, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, ceftriaxone, and streptomycin were all resistant to C. sakazakii isolates, with a 100 % resistance incidence. They showed intermediate resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (80 % resistance incidence) and were only sensitive to norfloxacin (26.6 % resistance incidence). Essential oils (12-45 mm) were more successful in suppressing C. sakazakii than susceptible antibiotics (10.83-14.17 mm) and silver nanoparticles (7.17-12.25 mm). Higher inhibitions were provided by mint and basil oils, with mint oil exhibiting the best performance at 45 mm. The combination of antibiotics, silver nanoparticles, and essential oils demonstrated synergistic effects against powerful bacteria. Compared to clove + mint with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (40 mm) or silver nanoparticles with basil oil (35 mm), mint-infused silver nanoparticles showed higher inhibition (45 mm). After being treated with basil oil, C. sakazakii showed morphological changes as seen by scanning electron microscopy. Combining essential oils with antibiotics and silver nanoparticles offers a viable way to counteract C. sakazakii's growing threat. In a medical environment that is becoming more complex, these developments offer hope for improving patient outcomes and safeguarding public health.

This study aims to compare the microbial profiles and antibiotic resistance patterns in chronic otorrhea patients with and without surgical intervention, identifying key differences to guide personalized and evidence-based treatment strategies. A retrospective analysis of 120 patients diagnosed with chronic otitis media and otorrhea was conducted. Patients were divided into operated (n = 60) and non-operated (n = 60) groups. Microbial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using standard microbiological methods. Statistical analyses assessed differences in microbial prevalence and resistance patterns between groups. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common microorganism in both groups but was significantly more prevalent in the non-operated group (77.8% vs. 53.33%, p < 0.05). Escherichia coli was significantly higher in the operated group (17.78% vs. 3.7%, p < 0.05). Staphylococcus aureus showed no significant difference in prevalence but exhibited resistance exclusively in the operated group. Antibiotic resistance to Ciprofloxacin, Ceftazidime, and Ticarcillin-Clavulanate was high for Pseudomonas aeruginosa in both groups, with no significant differences. Escherichia coli displayed significantly higher resistance to Ampicillin-Sulbactam in the operated group (75.0% vs. 0%, p < 0.05). Operated and non-operated groups showed distinct microbial profiles and resistance patterns. Surgical interventions influence resistance development, particularly in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. These findings underscore the importance of routine susceptibility testing to guide effective, individualized treatment and address multidrug-resistant pathogens.