Pipemidic Acid Hydrate

The inhibitory activities of phaeosphaeride A (PPA), phaeosphaeride B, and four synthetic derivatives against phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and cell proliferation in cervical (HeLa) and breast (MDA-MB-231) cancer cells were evaluated. PPA inhibited IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation and cell proliferation at similar concentrations. The structure-activity relationship studies revealed that the enantiomer of PPA was the most potent of the evaluated phaeosphaerides in both inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation and cell growth. PPA clearly inhibited the IL-6-activated STAT3 signaling pathway. However, the presence or absence of activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway in cells showed no relationship to the antiproliferative activity. Notably, the possible covalent bond-forming ability of PPA was critical for its biological activities.