The one-shot cervical cancer vaccine paradigm
24 Feb 2023
VaccineDrug ApprovalClinical Result
Preview
Source: Pharmaceutical Technology
Prophylactic HPV vaccination and anal cancer in Thailand. Image Credit: Shutterstock/CNK02
On December 20, 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) updated its recommendations for cervical cancer vaccinescervical cancer vaccines in a bid to boost vaccination coverage.
Free Report
How is the Biopharmaceutical industry evolving?
2021 was a year of continued innovation and change in the Biopharmaceutical industry. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to take its toll on businesses worldwide, it’s time to look for new ways to create value, prepare for the future, and remain competitive in the ever-changing landscape.
GlobalData’s expansive report examines the business environment and trends that shape the Biopharmaceutical industry. We highlight the most impactful emerging technologies, as well as the industry, regulatory, and macroeconomic factors that influence growth prospects.
Access the report to:
Benchmark the impact of major themes on the Biopharmaceutical industry.
Gain a deeper "on the ground" perspective through exclusive opinions and analysis from industry respondents.
Evaluate the effects of COVID-19 on the sector.
Download the full report to understand what to expect and how to align your strategies for success.
By GlobalData
Preview
Source: Pharmaceutical Technology
Submit
Country *
United Kingdom
United States
Afghanistan
Åland Islands
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Anguilla
Antarctica
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Bouvet Island
Brazil
British Indian Ocean Territory
Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Chile
China
Christmas Island
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Colombia
Comoros
Congo
Congo, The Democratic Republic of
The
Cook Islands
Costa Rica
Cote D"ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
Faroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Guiana
French Polynesia
French Southern Territories
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Gibraltar
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guadeloupe
Guam
Guatemala
Guernsey
Guinea
Guinea-bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Heard Island and Mcdonald Islands
Holy See (Vatican City State)
Honduras
Hong Kong
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Republic of
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jersey
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Democratic People"s
Republic of
Korea, Republic of
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Lao People"s Democratic Republic
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao
Macedonia, The Former
Yugoslav Republic of
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Martinique
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Federated States of
Moldova, Republic of
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Montserrat
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nauru
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
Norfolk Island
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Palestinian Territory, Occupied
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Pitcairn
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Reunion
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Saint Helena
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Saint Vincent and The Grenadines
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
South Georgia and The South
Sandwich Islands
Spain
Sri Lanka
Sudan
Suriname
Svalbard and Jan Mayen
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Taiwan, Province of China
Tajikistan
Tanzania, United Republic of
Thailand
Timor-leste
Togo
Tokelau
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Turks and Caicos Islands
Tuvalu
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United States Minor Outlying
Islands
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela
Viet Nam
Virgin Islands, British
Virgin Islands, U.S.
Wallis and Futuna
Western Sahara
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Submit
By clicking the Download Free Report button, you accept the terms and conditions and acknowledge that your data will be used as described in the GlobalData privacy policy
By downloading this Report, you acknowledge that we may share your information with our white paper partners/sponsors who may contact you directly with information on their products and services.
Visit our privacy policy for more information about our services, how we may use, process and share your personal data, including information on your rights in respect of your personal data and how you can unsubscribe from future marketing communications. Our services are intended for corporate subscribers and you warrant that the email address submitted is your corporate email address.
Thank you.
Please check your email to download the Report.
The WHO now says that a one-dose schedule for girls ages 9–14 years adequately protects against human papillomavirus (HPV), and more specifically, the HPV 16 and HPV 18 strains. The insights and amendments came following findings from a meeting held by WHO’s independent expert advisory group in April 2022.
Several cervical cancer vaccinescervical cancer vaccines are currently approved, including Merck’s nonavalent vaccine Gardasil 9 and GSK’s bivalent vaccine Cervarix. In September 2022, the Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI) approved its first indigenously produced quadrivalent cervical cancer vaccinecervical cancer vaccine, developed by the Serum Institute of India.
“The HPV vaccine works almost perfectly to prevent HPV infection, the necessary cause of cervical cancer and other HPV-related cancers,” says Dr. Ruanne Barnabas, professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School and researcher on the study that informed the WHO’s updated recommendations. “The vaccine is also safe, with millions of doses administered globally,” she continues.
Potential changes with a single-dose schedule
“Before the new WHO guidelines, either two or three doses of the current vaccines were administered,”says Barnabas. People up to age 14 years were given two doses of the vaccine, and those ages 15 years and older received three doses. All prophylactic HPV vaccine products are delivered intramuscularly in the arm, specifically the deltoid region, at a standard dose of 0.5ml.
After studying the single-dose bivalent and nonavalent HPV vaccines, researchers found that they were both highly effective in avoiding incident persistent oncogenic HPV infection, similar to multidose programs. Current HPV vaccination coverage levels sit at 15%, Barnabas shares, compared to the WHO’s goal of giving 90% of eligible adolescents, or those ages 9–14 years, the HPV vaccine.
“The cost of HPV vaccines is also high compared to other vaccines,” Barnabas adds. The ability to use one dose would decrease the program’s overall cost, making the vaccine more accessible to more people. This would be “the key improvement” of a single-dose schedule, says Barnabas.
For low-resource countries that have not yet introduced the vaccine, particularly middle-income countries (MICs) that are eligible for supplies from the nonprofit GAVI, the singular dose will lower the budget requirement for HPV, says Paul Bloem, Technical Officer, Lead HPV vaccine strategy of the Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals (IVB) Department at the WHO. A new vaccine like HPV, which is relatively more expensive than a traditional one like the diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus (DTP) vaccine, can significantly increase the overall budget of a national vaccination program. “The single dose will lower that barrier,” Bloem confirms.
A single-dose schedule offers opportunities for ease of delivery and the possibility to add HPV to other one-off campaigns to boost coverage. It may also result in fewer administrative requirements compared to full-dose schedule tracking. Programs to catch up with older age groups, such as those up to age 18 years, could also benefit from requiring one dose rather than three.
New schedule rollout
As the WHO issues new guidance, each country is expected to take steps to increase the impact of its vaccination program.
Democratizing access to the vaccine appears to be a key goal of the single-dose vaccine, particularly as its cost is a barrier. The study that led to the WHO’s recommendations found that 80% of new cervical cancer cases are in women living in low-income and MIC, with the highest mortality found in sub-Saharan Africa. One 2022 study found that cervical cancer accounts for the second-highest cancer burden among women of all ages in Nigeria. Overcoming health system limitations related to health worker availability, infrastructure, and logistics is crucial, the study revealed, as is social awareness and mobilization.
However, a 2021 research study found that despite the implementation of vaccination programs, there is low awareness of HPV infection and its vaccine, particularly in developing countries. The WHO’s 2020 global strategy sets out its vision of cervical cancer being eliminated as a public health problem by 2030 and outlines a pathway with strategic actions to achieve its goal.
While Bloem said high-income countries (HIC) like the UK are moving to a one-dose schedule, he expected others to shift in the next few years while some, particularly Upper-MIC and HIC, may wait.
Current vaccination rates are variable
According to the data published in July 2022, the global vaccine coverage by full dose is 12%, and by single dose is 15%. The North American region has the highest vaccine coverage (38%), although coverage was at more than 50% before the Covid-19 pandemic, followed by Europe (27%) and the African region (21%). Asia has less than 10% vaccine coverage because two big countries, India and China, are yet to introduce it [on a national level], Bloem says. Australia is on track to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem.
Various barriers have led to vaccination rates in most parts of the world remaining relatively low. “The main obstacles have been the high vaccine cost, low supply, and insufficient advocacy,” says Barnabas. Many countries struggle with HPV vaccination communication despite their income status. “Even though the WHO has repeatedly evaluated and announced that the HPV vaccine is an extremely safe vaccine, vaccine hesitancy still remains an issue,” says Bloem.
Additionally, the sexual transmission of HPV has been an “unnecessary focus of attention”, Barnabas shares, stating that the lifetime risk of HPV is almost 100% for sexually active persons, and thus, HPV is part of everyday life.
“Given that almost 100% of cervical cancers are caused by HPV and that the vaccine is nearly perfect in preventing almost 100% of infections, effective programs would prevent disease and death among women in their mid-adult years and contribute to healthier families and communities,” Barnabas shares.
Another challenge is a programmatic one, Bloem highlights, since the HPV vaccine is somewhat unique compared with childhood vaccines in terms of target age and sex. The primary target cohort is girls ages 9–14 years, which stands alone from other childhood vaccine services.
Since these adolescents are less likely to come to the hospital than babies and children, the focus needs to be on actively reaching out to those populations by using available platforms, such as school-based vaccinations. However, in some resource-limited countries, it is hard to reach those cohorts due to low school attendance rates, geographical challenges, and religious barriers.
Free Report
How is the Biopharmaceutical industry evolving?
2021 was a year of continued innovation and change in the Biopharmaceutical industry. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to take its toll on businesses worldwide, it’s time to look for new ways to create value, prepare for the future, and remain competitive in the ever-changing landscape.
GlobalData’s expansive report examines the business environment and trends that shape the Biopharmaceutical industry. We highlight the most impactful emerging technologies, as well as the industry, regulatory, and macroeconomic factors that influence growth prospects.
Access the report to:
Benchmark the impact of major themes on the Biopharmaceutical industry.
Gain a deeper "on the ground" perspective through exclusive opinions and analysis from industry respondents.
Evaluate the effects of COVID-19 on the sector.
Download the full report to understand what to expect and how to align your strategies for success.
By GlobalData
Preview
Source: Pharmaceutical Technology
Submit
Country *
United Kingdom
United States
Afghanistan
Åland Islands
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Anguilla
Antarctica
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Bouvet Island
Brazil
British Indian Ocean Territory
Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Chile
China
Christmas Island
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Colombia
Comoros
Congo
Congo, The Democratic Republic of
The
Cook Islands
Costa Rica
Cote D"ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
Faroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
French Guiana
French Polynesia
French Southern Territories
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Gibraltar
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guadeloupe
Guam
Guatemala
Guernsey
Guinea
Guinea-bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Heard Island and Mcdonald Islands
Holy See (Vatican City State)
Honduras
Hong Kong
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Republic of
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jersey
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Korea, Democratic People"s
Republic of
Korea, Republic of
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Lao People"s Democratic Republic
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao
Macedonia, The Former
Yugoslav Republic of
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Martinique
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mexico
Micronesia, Federated States of
Moldova, Republic of
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Montserrat
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nauru
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
Norfolk Island
Northern Mariana Islands
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Palestinian Territory, Occupied
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Pitcairn
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Reunion
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Saint Helena
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Saint Vincent and The Grenadines
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
South Georgia and The South
Sandwich Islands
Spain
Sri Lanka
Sudan
Suriname
Svalbard and Jan Mayen
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Taiwan, Province of China
Tajikistan
Tanzania, United Republic of
Thailand
Timor-leste
Togo
Tokelau
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Turks and Caicos Islands
Tuvalu
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United States Minor Outlying
Islands
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela
Viet Nam
Virgin Islands, British
Virgin Islands, U.S.
Wallis and Futuna
Western Sahara
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Submit
By clicking the Download Free Report button, you accept the terms and conditions and acknowledge that your data will be used as described in the GlobalData privacy policy
By downloading this Report, you acknowledge that we may share your information with our white paper partners/sponsors who may contact you directly with information on their products and services.
Visit our privacy policy for more information about our services, how we may use, process and share your personal data, including information on your rights in respect of your personal data and how you can unsubscribe from future marketing communications. Our services are intended for corporate subscribers and you warrant that the email address submitted is your corporate email address.
Thank you.
Please check your email to download the Report.
For more details,please visit the original website
The content of the article does not represent any opinions of Synapse and its affiliated companies. If there is any copyright infringement or error, please contact us, and we will deal with it within 24 hours.
Organizations
Indications
Targets
-Drugs
Chat with Hiro
Hot reports
Get started for free today!
Accelerate Strategic R&D decision making with Synapse, PatSnap’s AI-powered Connected Innovation Intelligence Platform Built for Life Sciences Professionals.
Start your data trial now!
Synapse data is also accessible to external entities via APIs or data packages. Empower better decisions with the latest in pharmaceutical intelligence.