Synonyms COX-1, COX1, Cyclooxygenase-1 + [10] |
Introduction Dual cyclooxygenase and peroxidase that plays an important role in the biosynthesis pathway of prostanoids, a class of C20 oxylipins mainly derived from arachidonate ((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate, AA, C20:4(n-6)), with a particular role in the inflammatory response. The cyclooxygenase activity oxygenates AA to the hydroperoxy endoperoxide prostaglandin G2 (PGG2), and the peroxidase activity reduces PGG2 to the hydroxy endoperoxide prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), the precursor of all 2-series prostaglandins and thromboxanes. This complex transformation is initiated by abstraction of hydrogen at carbon 13 (with S-stereochemistry), followed by insertion of molecular O2 to form the endoperoxide bridge between carbon 9 and 11 that defines prostaglandins. The insertion of a second molecule of O2 (bis-oxygenase activity) yields a hydroperoxy group in PGG2 that is then reduced to PGH2 by two electrons (PubMed:7947975). Involved in the constitutive production of prostanoids in particular in the stomach and platelets. In gastric epithelial cells, it is a key step in the generation of prostaglandins, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which plays an important role in cytoprotection. In platelets, it is involved in the generation of thromboxane A2 (TXA2), which promotes platelet activation and aggregation, vasoconstriction and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (Probable). Can also use linoleate (LA, (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate, C18:2(n-6)) as substrate and produce hydroxyoctadecadienoates (HODEs) in a regio- and stereospecific manner, being (9R)-HODE ((9R)-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate) and (13S)-HODE ((13S)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate) its major products (By similarity). |
Mechanism COX-1 inhibitors [+2] |
Active Org. |
Originator Org. |
Active Indication |
Inactive Indication |
Drug Highest PhaseApproved |
First Approval Ctry. / Loc. ES |
First Approval Date20 Dec 2015 |
Target |
Mechanism ADRA1 agonists [+2] |
Active Org. |
Originator Org. |
Drug Highest PhaseApproved |
First Approval Ctry. / Loc. US |
First Approval Date30 May 2014 |
Start Date01 May 2025 |
Sponsor / Collaborator |
Start Date01 Jan 2025 |
Sponsor / Collaborator |
Start Date10 Dec 2024 |
Sponsor / Collaborator- |