Rebamipide

In the present study, to prepare dispersoids with high dispersion stability that can be used as mouthwash, ground mixtures of commercial rebamipide (RB) tablets and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC-SSL) samples were prepared by dry milling. The physicochemical properties of the ground mixture of HPC-SSL and the powder obtained from the preliminary ground RB tablets were then compared. The dispersoids' physicochemical properties, dispersion stability, retention, and diffusiveness to the mucosal surfaces were evaluated in vitro. By co-grinding with HPC-SSL, RB transformed into fine particles around 303.6 - 361.5 nm that tended to prevent particle agglomeration in solution over time. The sample microparticles formed with HPC-SSL also avoided agglomeration on the mucosal surface for 24 h, improving oral retention. Furthermore, the ground mixture of HPC-SSL and the powder obtained from the preliminary ground RB tablets dispersed and permeated the mucus gel layer on the mucosal surface (24.2 %) but not the mucosal cells, indicating that RB remained on the mucosal surface. These results suggest that ground mixtures of commercial rebamipide (RB) tablets and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC-SSL) samples can be applied as a powdered suspension preparation because they showed high dispersion stability and oral mucosal retention.

Herein, an N-coordinated Fe site dispersed in porous carbon frameworks (Fe-NC) fabricated from zeolitic imidazolate frameworks encapsulated with iron acetylacetonate (Fe(acac)₃ @ZIFs) was employed to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the attenuation of sulfisoxazole (SIZ) and treating real hospital wastewater. The constructed Fe-NC/PMS system exhibited good catalytic stability for SIZ degradation, maintaining excellent degradation performance over multiple cycles with virtually no leaching. The quenching experiments, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) capture analyses, and semi-quantitative measurements showed that singlet oxygen (¹O₂) and high-valent metal-oxo species were mainly responsible for SIZ degradation by Fe-NC/PMS. Significantly, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was used to trace 134 pharmaceutical contaminants in real hospital wastewater. Effective degradation was achieved for 87 % of the pharmaceutical contaminants by the Fe-NC/PMS process. Seventy-four pharmaceutical contaminants were eliminated. Taken together, this work successfully established the Fe-NC/PMS technology using the developed iron-based materials and explored its application to real hospital wastewater treatment, providing an eco-friendly and effective strategy for treating wastewater.