Amitriptyline Hydrochloride

DEERFIELD, Ill.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Lundbeck US, the US subsidiaries of H. Lundbeck A/S, today announced it will present one oral and eight poster presentations at the 67th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Headache Society (AHS) in Minneapolis from June 19-22, 2025. The data presentations reinforce the need to look beyond monthly migraine days (MMDs) and the importance of a holistic approach to migraine care as suggested by data from eptinezumab-jjmr post-hoc analyses. VYEPTI® (eptinezumab-jjmr) is indicated for the preventive treatment of migraine in adults. VYEPTI is contraindicated in patients with serious hypersensitivity to eptinezumab-jjmr or to any of its ingredients. Reactions have included anaphylaxis and angioedema. Please see Important Safety Information below. “Migraine disease affects over 40 million people in the U.S.,1 profoundly impacting every aspect of life for many,” said Damian Fiore, Vice President, Lundbeck US Medical Affairs Neurology. “Lundbeck is energized to be at AHS, driving conversations on how we can better understand the holistic burden of migraine and redefine how we approach care. Our focus goes beyond just alleviating individual symptoms—we are committed to improving the overall quality of life for people living with migraine disease.” Analyses presented at AHS from several studies including clinical trials and real-world research continue to focus on novel ways to assess VYEPTI and study results and advance preventive migraine care: P-341 : Eptinezumab Treatment was Associated with Longer Interictal Periods and Corresponding Larger Improvements in Quality of Life in Participants With Migraine for Whom 2-4 Prior Preventive Treatments had Failed: A Post Hoc Analysis of the DELIVER Trial: Individuals living with migraine who have longer periods of time between migraine attacks (interictal periods) may experience a reduced overall burden of migraine. A post-hoc analysis of the phase 3b DELIVER trial during weeks 1-12 (n=853) and weeks 1-24 (n=832) evaluated the association between the mean longest interictal period and improvements in patient-reported quality of life (QoL) outcomes. Results from this post-hoc analysis indicate the mean longest interictal period was larger with VYEPTI than as reported by patients receiving placebo during the first 24 weeks of the DELIVER trial. Among participants with >14- and >21-day mean longest interictal periods, a greater proportion of participants achieved clinically meaningful improvements in the 6-item Headache Impact test score (HIT-6; ≥5-point total score reduction) and Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC; “much improved” or “very much improved” rating) with VYEPTI compared with placebo. 2 P-333 : Retention Rates Across Clinical Trials of Anti-CGRP Monoclonal Antibodies for Migraine Prevention : Researchers analyzed select phase 3 clinical trials to assess retention rates for adult participants who were treated with VYEPTI and other anti-CGRP mAbs for the prevention of migraine, including long-term eptinezumab trials: the 104-week, open label, single-arm PREVAIL trial and the 72-week DELIVER trial. In this retrospective cohort study of US claims data, VYEPTI showed high, long-term retention rates for preventive treatment in participants with chronic migraine and in those with migraine for whom 2-4 prior migraine preventive treatments have failed, suggesting a high level of participant satisfaction with continued treatment of VYEPTI. Similar results were observed in other anti-CGRP mAbs in this treatment group. 3 P-332 : Baseline Characteristics and Eptinezumab Infusion Experience in Participants in Whom ≥1 Prior Preventive Anti-CGRP Treatment Had Failed: Interim Results of an Ongoing Real-World Study : INFUSE is an ongoing, non-interventional, prospective study in individuals with migraine initiating VYEPTI for the preventive treatment of migraine. In an interim analysis of the first 75 participants entering the INFUSE study, results indicate that individuals, despite having ≥1 prior a-CGRP preventive treatment, reported a long history of disease and high disease burden (with regard to frequency, severity and cognitive impairments). Interim results also showed that the level of concern about initiating an intravenous (IV) treatment was low and participants in the study generally had a positive infusion experience. 4 Further highlighting our commitment to pushing the boundaries on migraine care with preventive treatments, Lundbeck also will host a symposium titled, “Why the interictal period matters: Striving for migraine freedom” with Dr. Amaal Starling and Dr. Stewart Tepper on Thursday, June 19 from 12:30 p.m. to 1:15 p.m. CT. “For optimal migraine management, it’s important to prioritize continuous improvement and a patient-centered approach,” said Dr. Amaal Starling, Neurologist, Mayo Clinic. “These studies highlight the real-world impact of preventive migraine treatments that can provide sustained control, which may allow individuals to focus on their personal goals and live their lives to the fullest.” Additional migraine data being presented at AHS include: IOR-02 (Oral) : Patient Perspectives of Migraine Symptomology: Insights from Exit Interviews from the anti-PACAP Antibody Phase 2 HOPE Trial for Migraine Prevention 5 P-299 : Associated Long-Term Clinical Improvements Following ≥50% Migraine Response and Sustained ≥50% and ≥75% Migraine Reductions in Early Responders to Eptinezumab Treatment in Participants With Migraine: Post Hoc Analyses of the DELIVER Trial 6 P-320 : Sustained Reductions in Monthly Headache Days with Long-Term Eptinezumab Treatment for Chronic Migraine: Post Hoc Analysis of the Phase 3 PREVAIL Study 7 P-319 : Impact of Participant-reported ≥75% Increase in Good Days/Month on Migraine Symptoms, Quality of Life, and Brain Fog: Results of the REVIEW Real-world Study of Adults With Chronic Migraine Treated with Eptinezumab 8 P-297 : Eptinezumab and Patient Education in Chronic Migraine and Medication-overuse Headache: Results from the Randomized, Placebo-controlled RESOLUTION Trial 9 P-308 : Efficacy and Safety of Eptinezumab in Chronic Migraine: A Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial in a Predominantly Asian Population 10 About VYEPTI® VYEPTI® (eptinezumab-jjmr) is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) ligand and blocks its binding to the receptor. VYEPTI was deliberately developed for administration by IV infusion to deliver 100 percent of the medication into the bloodstream at the end of the infusion. The efficacy and safety of VYEPTI were demonstrated in two phase 3 clinical trials; episodic migraine in PROMISE-1 and chronic migraine in PROMISE-2. VYEPTI met its primary endpoint of decrease in mean monthly migraine days (MMD) over months 1-3 in both episodic and chronic migraine. The safety of VYEPTI was evaluated in 2,076 patients with migraine who received at least one dose of VYEPTI. The most common adverse reactions (≥2 percent and at least 2 percent or greater than placebo) in the clinical trials for the preventive treatment of migraine were nasopharyngitis and hypersensitivity. In PROMISE-1 and PROMISE-2, 1.9 percent of patients treated with VYEPTI discontinued treatment due to adverse reactions. VYEPTI offers patients with migraine a preventive treatment administered as one 30-minute IV infusion 4 times a year (every three months). The recommended dosage is 100 mg, and some patients may benefit from a dosage of 300 mg. Dosing should be based on the guidance in the Prescribing Information and Patient Information. INDICATION VYEPTI (eptinezumab-jjmr) is indicated for the preventive treatment of migraine in adults. IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION CONTRAINDICATIONS VYEPTI is contraindicated in patients with serious hypersensitivity to eptinezumab-jjmr or to any of the excipients. Reactions have included anaphylaxis and angioedema. WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Hypersensitivity Reactions: Hypersensitivity reactions, including angioedema, urticaria, facial flushing, dyspnea, and rash, have occurred with VYEPTI in clinical trials and in the postmarketing setting. Most hypersensitivity reactions occurred during infusion and were not serious, but often led to discontinuation or required treatment. Serious hypersensitivity reactions may occur. Cases of anaphylaxis have been reported in the postmarketing setting. If a hypersensitivity reaction occurs, consider discontinuing VYEPTI and institute appropriate therapy. Hypertension: Development of hypertension and worsening of pre-existing hypertension have been reported following the use of CGRP antagonists, including VYEPTI, in the postmarketing setting. Some of the patients who developed new-onset hypertension had risk factors for hypertension. There were cases requiring initiation of pharmacological treatment for hypertension, and in some cases hospitalization. Hypertension may occur at any time during treatment, but was most frequently reported within 7 days of therapy initiation. The CGRP antagonist was discontinued in many of the reported cases. Monitor patients treated with VYEPTI for new-onset hypertension or worsening of pre-existing hypertension, and consider whether discontinuation of VYEPTI is warranted if evaluation fails to establish an alternative etiology or blood pressure is inadequately controlled. Raynaud’s Phenomenon: Development of Raynaud’s phenomenon and recurrence or worsening of pre-existing Raynaud’s phenomenon have been reported in the postmarketing setting following the use of CGRP antagonists. In reported cases with monoclonal antibody CGRP antagonists, symptom onset occurred a median of 71 days following dosing. Many of the cases reported serious outcomes, including hospitalizations and disability, generally related to debilitating pain. In most reported cases, discontinuation of the CGRP antagonist resulted in resolution of symptoms. VYEPTI should be discontinued if signs or symptoms of Raynaud’s phenomenon develop, and patients should be evaluated by a healthcare provider if symptoms do not resolve. Patients with a history of Raynaud’s phenomenon should be monitored for, and informed about the possibility of, worsening or recurrence of signs and symptoms. ADVERSE REACTIONS The most common adverse reactions (≥2% and at least 2% or greater than placebo) in the clinical trials for the preventive treatment of migraine were nasopharyngitis and hypersensitivity. VYEPTI was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the preventive treatment of migraine in adults in February 2020. For more information, please see Full Prescribing Information and Patient Information or visit www.VYEPTIHCP.com. About Migraine Disease Migraine is a complex and disabling neurological disease that limits functionality and quality of life.1 It is characterized by moderate to severe head pain typically accompanied by an array of symptoms, including nausea, vomiting and sensitivity to light or sound.1,11 Over time, migraine disease may worsen, with attacks increasing in frequency, severity and duration.12,13 It is estimated to affect more than 40 million people in the U.S. and impacts three times as many women than men.1 It is the second leading cause of years lived with disability (YLD) among all diseases and is the top YLD cause among people aged 15 to 49 years, according to the Global Burden of Disease study. The impact of migraine permeates into career, home life and relationships.14 About INFUSE study INFUSE is an ongoing, non-interventional, prospective study in individuals with migraine, initiating preventive treatment with eptinezumab-jjmr. Eligible participants were recruited by two infusion center networks and are being followed for 12 months after initiating eptinezumab-jjmr treatment. INFUSE includes adults ≥18 years of age with a diagnosis of migraine who tried ≥1 preventive a-CGRP treatment (erenumab, fremanezumab, galcanezumab, atogepant, or rimegepant [prescribed every other day]). About DELIVER study DELIVER (NCT04418765) is a phase 3b, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluating the safety and efficacy of eptinezumab-jjmr in patients with chronic or episodic migraine. Chronic migraine was defined as migraine occurring on ≥8 days per month and headache occurring on >14 days, and episodic migraine as migraine occurring on ≥4 days and headache occurring on ≤14 days. All patients had to have experienced failures of two to four prior preventive treatment classes (including: propranolol, metoprolol, topiramate, amitriptyline, flunarizine, valproate, divalproex, candesartan) or botulinum toxin A/B (if documented that botulinum toxin was used for chronic migraine), and at least one failure being due to inadequate efficacy. Patients who experienced failure on a previous treatment targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway were excluded from participation. Documented evidence of prior migraine treatment failures was supported by medical records or by physicians´ confirmation specific to each treatment in the past 10 years. In the study, 892 patients were randomized to receive eptinezumab-jjmr 100 mg or 300 mg or placebo by IV infusion. Patients included in the study most frequently experienced treatment failures of topiramate and amitriptyline, with 550(61.8%), 277(31.1%), and 60(6.7%) patients experiencing 2, 3, and 4 prior preventive treatment failures respectively. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in the number of monthly migraine days over Weeks 1-12. Key secondary endpoints included response rates as patients with 50% or greater reduction from baseline in MMDs (Weeks 1-12), response rates of patients with 75% or greater reduction from baseline in MMDs (Weeks 1-12) and change from baseline in the number of MMDs (Weeks 13-24). Other secondary endpoints assessed the effect of eptinezumab-jjmr vs placebo on: 6-item Headache Impact test score (HIT-6), Migraine-specific quality of life (MSQ v2.1), HRQoL (EQ-5D-5L) visual analogue scale (VAS) score, healthcare resources utilization (HCRU), and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire (WPAI). The safety and tolerability of eptinezumab-jjmr in the DELIVER study were similar to placebo and consistent with findings from previous eptinezumab-jjmr clinical trials. In DELIVER and earlier eptinezumab-jjmr studies, upper respiratory tract infection, nasopharyngitis, dizziness, and fatigue were the most commonly reported treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). About PREVAIL study PREVAIL was a phase 3, open-label multi-site U.S.-based study that evaluated eptinezumab-jjmr 300 mg intravenous administration in 128 adults with chronic migraine (CM). PREVAIL included two treatment phases: the primary treatment phase included four infusions of eptinezumab-jjmr 12 weeks apart (Day 0, and Weeks 12, 24, and 36); the secondary treatment phase included up to four additional eptinezumab-jjmr infusions 12 weeks apart (Weeks 48, 60, 72, and 84). Further, patients were followed for 20 additional weeks after the final infusion until Week 104. The PREVAIL study evaluated the long-term safety of repeat doses of eptinezumab-jjmr 300 mg in patients with CM, as well as the pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Patient-reported outcome measures included the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) questionnaire, patient-identified most bothersome symptom (PI-MBS) associated with migraine, Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC), and 6-item Headache Impact Test (HIT-6). About a-PACAP a-PACAP monoclonal antibody is an investigational compound currently under development (phase 2) for the treatment of migraine. The compound is not commercially available globally. About Lundbeck Lundbeck is a global biopharmaceutical company focusing exclusively on brain health. With more than 70 years of experience in neuroscience, we are committed to improving the lives of people with neurological and psychiatric diseases. Brain disorders affect a large part of the world’s population, and the effects are felt throughout society. With the rapidly improving understanding of the biology of the brain, we hold ourselves accountable for advancing brain health by curiously exploring new opportunities for treatments. As a focused innovator, we strive for our research and development programs to tackle some of the most complex neurological challenges. We develop transformative medicines targeting people for whom there are few or no treatments available, expanding into neuro-specialty and neuro-rare from our strong legacy within psychiatry and neurology. We are committed to fighting stigma and we act to improve health equity. We strive to create long-term value for our shareholders by making positive contributions to patients, their families and society as a whole. Lundbeck has approximately 5,700 employees in more than 50 countries and our products are available in more than 80 countries. Lundbeck US comprises the wholly owned US subsidiaries of H. Lundbeck A/S (HLUNa / HLUNb, HLUNA DC / HLUNB DC) (“Lundbeck”), including Lundbeck LLC and Lundbeck Pharmaceuticals LLC. For additional information, please visit Lundbeck.com/us and connect with us on LinkedIn and X at @LundbeckUS. References 1 Cohen, F., Brooks, C. V., Sun, D., Buse, D. C., Reed, M. L., Fanning, K. M., & Lipton, R. B. (2024). Prevalence and burden of migraine in the United States: A systematic review. Headache, 64(5), 516–532. https://doi-org.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/10.1111/head.14709 2 Tepper, Stewart J., Joshi, Shivang, Hirman, Joe, et al. Eptinezumab Treatment was Associated with Longer Interictal Periods and Larger Improvements in Quality of Life in Participants With Migraine for Whom 2-4 Prior Preventive Treatments had Failed: A Post Hoc Analysis of the DELIVER Trial. Available at https://headachejournal-onlinelibrary-wiley-com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/. Accessed June 4, 2025. 3 Blumenfeld, Andrew, Patel, Foram, Kapur, Neha, et al. Retention Rates Across Clinical Trials of Anti-CGRP Monoclonal Antibodies for Migraine Prevention. Available at https://headachejournal-onlinelibrary-wiley-com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/. Accessed June 4, 2025. 4 Starling, Amaal, Regnier, Stephane, Soni-Brahmbhatt, Seema, et al. Characteristics and Eptinezumab Infusion Experience in Participants in Whom ≥1 Prior Preventive anti-CGRP Treatment had Failed: Interim Results of an Ongoing Real-world Study. Available at https://headachejournal-onlinelibrary-wiley-com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/. Accessed June 4, 2025. 5 Lipton, Richard B., IOR-02 - Patient perspectives of migraine symptomology: Insights from exit interviews from the anti-PACAP antibody phase 2 HOPE trial for migraine prevention. Available at https://headachejournal-onlinelibrary-wiley-com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/. Accessed June 4, 2025. 6 Ailani, Jessica, Ashina, Messoud, Awad, Susanne F., et al. Long-term Improvements Following ≥50% Migraine Response to Eptinezumab Treatment in Participants With Migraine: Post Hoc Analysis of the DELIVER Trial. Available at https://headachejournal-onlinelibrary-wiley-com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/. Accessed June 4, 2025. 7 Starling, Amaal, Kudrow, David, Kapur, Neha, et al. Sustained Reductions in Monthly Headache Days with Long-Term Eptinezumab Treatment for Chronic Migraine: Post-Hoc Analysis of the Phase 3 PREVAIL Study. Available at https://headachejournal-onlinelibrary-wiley-com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/. Accessed June 4, 2025. 8 Starling, Amaal, Kudrow, David, Kapur, Neha, et al. Sustained Reductions in Monthly Headache Days with Long-Term Eptinezumab Treatment for Chronic Migraine: Post-Hoc Analysis of the Phase 3 PREVAIL Study. Available at https://headachejournal-onlinelibrary-wiley-com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/. Accessed June 4, 2025. 9 Jensen, Rigmor H., Lundqvist, Christofer, Schytz, Henrik W., et al. Eptinezumab and patient education in chronic migraine and medication-overuse headache: Results from the randomized, placebo-controlled RESOLUTION trial. Available at https://headachejournal-onlinelibrary-wiley-com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/. Accessed June 13, 2025 10 Yu, Shengyuan, Matsumori, Yasuhiko, Kim, Byung-Kun, et al. Efficacy and safety of eptinezumab in chronic migraine: A randomized placebo-controlled trial in a predominantly Asian population. Available at https://headachejournal-onlinelibrary-wiley-com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/. Accessed June 13, 2025. 11 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Migraine. Available at: https://www-ninds-nih-gov.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/health-information/disorders/migraine. Accessed March 28, 2024. 12 GBD 2016 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 [published correction] appears in Lancet. 2017;390(10100):1211-1259. 13 American Headache Society. Headache. 2019; 59: 1–18. 14 Buse DC, Fanning KM, Reed ML, et al. Life With Migraine: Effects on Relationships, Career, and Finances From the Chronic Migraine Epidemiology and Outcomes (CaMEO) Study. Headache. 2019;59(8):1286-1299. doi:  https://doi-org.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/10.1111/head.13613.

SAN DIEGO--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Two studies by scientists at Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) offer possible insights into treating mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), including a potential blood biomarker for injury assessment that could shed light on the role of inflammation, and evidence supporting the use of amitriptyline, historically used as an anti-depressant, but now commonly used for migraine relief, to speed recovery. The research team shared their results today at the American Academy of Neurology 2025 annual meeting. There are currently no objective biomarkers for concussion, an invisible injury and form of mTBI, which often remains difficult to diagnose and treat. Although there are broad consensus guidelines, individual treatment decisions for this heterogeneous injury are largely left to the discretion of the physician. Previous studies have suggested a link between C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory biomarker in the blood, and TBI, but the relationship is still under-explored. Because the underlying pathophysiology remains poorly understood, it remains challenging to create a treatment plan, noted Ayse Erdemir, clinical research coordinator at HSS, and first author of both studies. “Currently there are no established pharmacological treatments for mTBI,” Erdemir noted. Standard treatment involves physical therapy, guided exercise, and lifestyle modifications, with some options for treating headache, head pressure, and insomnia, common symptoms that can impact recovery. While previous studies of amitriptyline in this population have been inconclusive, the team's research provides new data which may support its use in specific circumstances. These studies, if further validated, have the potential to influence the treatment of mTBI, she added. For the first retrospective study of 383 concussion patients, researchers focused on measurements of high sensitivity CRP (hsCRP), an inflammatory biomarker in the blood. Erdemir pointed out, “We found that higher levels of hsCRP were associated with more frequent reporting of symptoms like sadness and trouble falling asleep. Notably, patients with abnormal hsCRP took longer to recover compared to those with normal levels. These patients also tended to be older and have higher BMI.” Additionally, she said "The findings suggest that hsCRP could potentially be a candidate for inclusion in biomarker panels for acute mTBI assessment, but more research is needed to understand its long-term role in tracking symptom resolution and recovery." The results also offer a possible new insight into the pathophysiology of the disease, suggesting that, at least in some patients, the concussion may be characterized by low levels of inflammation in the brain that resolves with tailored treatment paradigms. For the second study, the researchers analyzed data from the same group of patients, focusing on those who were prescribed amitriptyline. They found that patients who had received the drug more often had histories of depression, anxiety, and migraines, and also had more severe concussion symptoms than those who did not receive the medication. Even though their concussions appeared to be more complex and severe, patients in the amitriptyline group recovered at the same rate as more straightforward cases. “Amitriptyline seems to play a supportive role in helping patients with more frequent and severe baseline symptoms to recover,” said Erdemir. “A tool to treat headache and insomnia in concussion patients doesn’t just improve quality of life throughout recovery; it may also facilitate and potentially expedite recovery. Restoring normal sleep and improving sleep quality is especially important to helping the brain heal from mTBI.” While researchers believe patients with more severe concussions are more likely to benefit, the drug may still be prescribed in other patients to relieve symptoms. More research is clearly needed to develop clinical applications. Researchers hope to follow up by analyzing longitudinal trends of hsCRP across recovery, to further support its use as a biomarker. Additional study of amitriptyline should include a randomized, controlled trial comparing the medication to placebo as well as other medications used to treat headache. References: High-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP): Retrospective Study of Potential Blood Biomarker of Inflammation in Acute Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) Authors: Guzide Ayse Erdemir, Niluckshi Pitigala, Joseph T. Nguyen, Teena Shetty, MD, MPhil, FAAN (HSS). Amitriptyline for Acute Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) Authors: Guzide Ayse Erdemir, Niluckshi Pitigala, Joseph T. Nguyen, Teena Shetty, MD, MPhil, FAAN (HSS). About HSS HSS is the world’s leading academic medical center focused on musculoskeletal health. At its core is Hospital for Special Surgery, nationally ranked No. 1 in orthopedics (for the 15th consecutive year), No. 3 in rheumatology by U.S. News & World Report (2024-2025), and the best pediatric orthopedic hospital in NY, NJ and CT by U.S. News & World Report “Best Children’s Hospitals” list (2024-2025). In a survey of medical professionals in more than 20 countries by Newsweek, HSS is ranked world #1 in orthopedics for a fifth consecutive year (2025). Founded in 1863, the Hospital has the lowest readmission rates in the nation for orthopedics, and among the lowest infection and complication rates. HSS was the first in New York State to receive Magnet Recognition for Excellence in Nursing Service from the American Nurses Credentialing Center five consecutive times. An affiliate of Weill Cornell Medical College, HSS has a main campus in New York City and facilities in New Jersey, Connecticut and in the Long Island and Westchester County regions of New York State, as well as in Florida. In addition to patient care, HSS leads the field in research, innovation and education. The HSS Research Institute comprises 20 laboratories and 300 staff members focused on leading the advancement of musculoskeletal health through prevention of degeneration, tissue repair and tissue regeneration. In addition, more than 200 HSS clinical investigators are working to improve patient outcomes through better ways to prevent, diagnose, and treat orthopedic, rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases. The HSS Innovation Institute works to realize the potential of new drugs, therapeutics and devices. The HSS Education Institute is a trusted leader in advancing musculoskeletal knowledge and research for physicians, nurses, allied health professionals, academic trainees, and consumers in more than 165 countries. The institution is collaborating with medical centers and other organizations to advance the quality and value of musculoskeletal care and to make world-class HSS care more widely accessible nationally and internationally. www.hss.edu.