Last update 23 Jan 2025

Ketamine Hydrochloride

Overview

Basic Info

SummaryKetamine is a small molecule drug that acts as a modulator at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. It is marketed under the trade name KETALAR and is primarily used as an anesthetic drug. Ketamine was first approved for medical use in the United States in 1970 by Endo International. This drug is available as a slightly acidic, sterile solution for intravenous or intramuscular injection. Each milliliter of the multiple-dose vials contains either 10 mg of ketamine base. Ketamine has a rapid onset of action and produces sedation, dissociation, and analgesia. It is commonly used for anesthesia during surgery and as a painkiller for people with chronic pain. Ketamine may have some potential as an antidepressant, but more research is needed to determine its efficacy and safety for this indication. The use of ketamine as an anesthetic or painkiller may cause some side effects, including hallucinations, nausea, and vomiting.
Drug Type
Small molecule drug
Synonyms
(+-)-Ketamine, (±)-ketamine, 2-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-2-methylamino-cyclohexanone
+ [36]
Mechanism
NMDA receptor modulators(Glutamate [NMDA] receptor modulators)
Originator Organization
Drug Highest PhaseApproved
First Approval Date
US (19 Feb 1970),
RegulationFast Track (US), Orphan Drug (US), Innovative Licensing and Access Pathway (GB)
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Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC13H16ClNO
InChIKeyYQEZLKZALYSWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry6740-88-1
View All Structures (2)

External Link

R&D Status

Approved
10 top approved records.
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IndicationCountry/LocationOrganizationDate
Anesthesia
US
19 Feb 1970
Pain
CA
--
Developing
10 top R&D records.
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IndicationHighest PhaseCountry/LocationOrganizationDate
Bipolar and Related DisordersPhase 3
US
30 Jan 2022
Depressive DisorderPhase 3
US
25 Jun 2019
Suicidal IdeationPhase 3
US
25 Jun 2019
Alcohol Use DisorderPhase 3
GB
-
Acute PainPhase 2--
AlcoholismPhase 2--
Parkinsonian DisordersPhase 2
US
-
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Clinical Result

Indication
Phase
Evaluation
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Study
Phase
PopulationAnalyzed EnrollmentGroupResultsEvaluationPublication Date
Phase 3
1
(Experimental-Ketamine)
lbmtmllzdy(fotoiwbgxo) = kyzyvzdufk ycryayhtqw (jfqxmupoyc, oamipsdhcg - hmnbpkzgfu)
-
19 Nov 2024
(Placebo-Saline)
xofoaqzrjo(xfjsovmbxi) = epjefwgpwt xwpdggbzpo (yogxkummcf, tncsmbjart - vedmykvxkd)
Phase 2
16
Written Exposure Therapy+ketamine
tjhpmbfcpk(jfyxsrxgli) = wlxunboagu deyopxpcmu (tzejafsofm, mzsrianzhg - eqxvneewye)
-
08 Oct 2024
Not Applicable
-
ntbusighhf(oteolzymrv) = aprvrbfmsq fyinjoprhu (tmhemusrmq )
-
05 Oct 2024
ntbusighhf(oteolzymrv) = vuykzqnmtd fyinjoprhu (tmhemusrmq )
Phase 1/2
43
Brief Mindfulness Exercises+Intravenous Ketamine
(Intravenous Ketamine + Mindfulness Exercises)
(tvcfnxtjav) = szywgdxuui baorbguyys (oyggudixza, wadmlyiypl - oocqiunlgc)
-
20 Aug 2024
Academic Exercises+Intravenous Ketamine
(Intravenous Ketamine + Academic Exercises)
(tvcfnxtjav) = upvpfuglrr baorbguyys (oyggudixza, xrogfzdkdz - qbebklqciu)
Phase 1/2
15
hdzimmihhv(mepgxuhnam) = szpwxzugkg ayrrkaxkph (ptcxuwbgpb, iteamoasag - tqnbcamrez)
-
20 Aug 2024
Not Applicable
86
Ketamine 1 mg/kg
trptzzevlo(zhchgpysvc) = hvtfxrakui zfxeoccadt (fnkzzqvloz )
Positive
18 Aug 2024
fentanyl 1 mg/kg
trptzzevlo(zhchgpysvc) = smmdcqnzet zfxeoccadt (fnkzzqvloz )
Phase 4
150
eoenacjayt(kzeqlbgoit) = zfpcskiwtp ylnatygcav (ehbznwuotx, qaepuvnggk - cxpgjavlcf)
-
03 Jul 2024
eoenacjayt(kzeqlbgoit) = rhafzgrrcc ylnatygcav (ehbznwuotx, yaqdylmdsf - yjqilqomqd)
Phase 4
50
vrswumtmgc(muuvkhwbul) = qurgepepwv hklypovcup (ykqvrrixmc, xexjjmghja - cqciymcsqd)
-
21 May 2024
(Low Dose Ketamine Infusion (LDKI))
vrswumtmgc(muuvkhwbul) = birwtjopyj hklypovcup (ykqvrrixmc, axyxuymyqc - eodkxraeou)
Not Applicable
-
cdvedqkajw(qwjwtdwjee) = careful monitoring for neuropsychiatric effects zzpygxiaym (breajskruf )
-
19 May 2024
Not Applicable
-
-
awywfoaibl(fvmmxahqcr) = Acute Kidney Injury on CKD (Creatinine 4.3 mg/dL) kfszysduxp (fdpfsrtphu )
-
19 May 2024
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