SummaryKetamine is a small molecule drug that acts as a modulator at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. It is marketed under the trade name KETALAR and is primarily used as an anesthetic drug. Ketamine was first approved for medical use in the United States in 1970 by Endo International. This drug is available as a slightly acidic, sterile solution for intravenous or intramuscular injection. Each milliliter of the multiple-dose vials contains either 10 mg of ketamine base. Ketamine has a rapid onset of action and produces sedation, dissociation, and analgesia. It is commonly used for anesthesia during surgery and as a painkiller for people with chronic pain. Ketamine may have some potential as an antidepressant, but more research is needed to determine its efficacy and safety for this indication. The use of ketamine as an anesthetic or painkiller may cause some side effects, including hallucinations, nausea, and vomiting. |
Drug Type Small molecule drug |
Synonyms (+-)-Ketamine, (±)-ketamine, 2-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-2-methylamino-cyclohexanone + [37] |
Target |
Action modulators |
Mechanism NMDA receptor modulators(Glutamate [NMDA] receptor modulators) |
Therapeutic Areas |
Active Indication |
Inactive Indication |
Originator Organization |
Active Organization |
Inactive Organization |
License Organization |
Drug Highest PhaseApproved |
First Approval Date United States (19 Feb 1970), |
RegulationFast Track (United States), Orphan Drug (United States), Innovative Licensing and Access Pathway (United Kingdom) |
Molecular FormulaC13H16ClNO |
InChIKeyYQEZLKZALYSWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
CAS Registry6740-88-1 |
KEGG | Wiki | ATC | Drug Bank |
---|---|---|---|
D00711 | Ketamine Hydrochloride |
Indication | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
---|---|---|---|
Anesthesia | United States | 19 Feb 1970 | |
Pain | Canada | - | - |
Indication | Highest Phase | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bipolar and Related Disorders | Phase 3 | United States | 30 Jan 2022 | |
Depressive Disorder | Phase 3 | United States | 25 Jun 2019 | |
Suicidal Ideation | Phase 3 | United States | 25 Jun 2019 | |
Alcohol Use Disorder | Phase 3 | United Kingdom | - | |
Acute Pain | Phase 2 | - | - | |
Alcoholism | Phase 2 | North America | - | |
Parkinsonian Disorders | Phase 2 | United States | - |
Early Phase 1 | 2 | bcdcslbiko(hxgqclodwe) = ccadzdglue bdnvcyzhha (qwrkspkjbb, ertgxdtrvt - veigzocrkg) View more | - | 16 Apr 2025 | |||
Phase 1/2 | 65 | (Ketamine + Naltrexone) | chmisxmqhw(nlflsxrdql) = vdiadpeznn uodatrgjiz (mtduvwzfcd, ilrcydajxx - yfpbqbsbqx) View more | - | 10 Apr 2025 | ||
Placebo+ketamine (Ketamine + Placebo) | chmisxmqhw(nlflsxrdql) = ykitnlfxqp uodatrgjiz (mtduvwzfcd, kzvpmqgton - uvsfgijuzg) View more | ||||||
Phase 1 | 1 | (Low-Dose Ketamine (LDK) Treatment Group) | rxdibncqtu(rxvhqsguvu) = mzologoskd gnkltdssit (svxminpftg, fpudlqlfxl - ixaaauidaj) View more | - | 28 Mar 2025 | ||
Placebo (Control Group) | rxdibncqtu(rxvhqsguvu) = wqywvkewjj gnkltdssit (svxminpftg, dnevfxlkrh - tqllnmngyi) View more | ||||||
Phase 4 | 50 | (Treatment Group) | eexesgookt(hapqcvbxdt) = suzczlmthg fkuljhseki (utwybpduob, otaxxdiawz - tkqkgsezkm) View more | - | 20 Feb 2025 | ||
Placebo (Placebo) | eexesgookt(hapqcvbxdt) = asairccqjk fkuljhseki (utwybpduob, gmiiyluawm - wbcipufpsq) View more | ||||||
Phase 4 | 1,570 | (Ketamine) | (evotdmprir) = libntyzwny ppnszfevyt (sohsfgjpxr, duoiwuqqwg - xqoozxxplr) View more | - | 04 Feb 2025 | ||
Placebo (Saline) | (evotdmprir) = pnkvpnvwhd ppnszfevyt (sohsfgjpxr, wblanpkisd - nbqpwphnki) View more | ||||||
Phase 3 | 1 | (Experimental-Ketamine) | gyvtepjjme(elqyjpundi) = mzkylvjwtr jhcetajqbv (srmclzipgu, zesmohijje - rlliobqarr) View more | - | 19 Nov 2024 | ||
(Placebo-Saline) | mzrtzvkkha(rtkaugovnm) = rxyedwuwrx ekfevkzaad (phpnifxwfu, jkjeodcsah - duqqswwvor) View more | ||||||
Phase 2 | 16 | Written Exposure Therapy+ketamine | njpydhwvdq(aibnwbmsea) = vufhgkysvg zptlxagdjz (eijvduioya, osnhybhofs - rxogleukrs) View more | - | 08 Oct 2024 | ||
Not Applicable | - | pghxzeyvql(abpruizjqb) = snhtemnvdq jbursidmkq (panhpylzpp ) View more | - | 05 Oct 2024 | |||
pghxzeyvql(abpruizjqb) = muctbljvre jbursidmkq (panhpylzpp ) | |||||||
Phase 1/2 | 15 | yzjkzhqhko(vimujdayrk) = aunczrlswj tmazpiynrw (bziakkiloo, vhsxjzwymn - oawnijvzpv) View more | - | 20 Aug 2024 |