SummaryKetamine is a small molecule drug that acts as a modulator at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. It is marketed under the trade name KETALAR and is primarily used as an anesthetic drug. Ketamine was first approved for medical use in the United States in 1970 by Endo International. This drug is available as a slightly acidic, sterile solution for intravenous or intramuscular injection. Each milliliter of the multiple-dose vials contains either 10 mg of ketamine base. Ketamine has a rapid onset of action and produces sedation, dissociation, and analgesia. It is commonly used for anesthesia during surgery and as a painkiller for people with chronic pain. Ketamine may have some potential as an antidepressant, but more research is needed to determine its efficacy and safety for this indication. The use of ketamine as an anesthetic or painkiller may cause some side effects, including hallucinations, nausea, and vomiting. |
Drug Type Small molecule drug |
Synonyms (+-)-Ketamine, (±)-ketamine, 2-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-2-methylamino-cyclohexanone + [36] |
Target |
Mechanism NMDA receptor modulators(Glutamate [NMDA] receptor modulators) |
Therapeutic Areas |
Active Indication |
Inactive Indication |
Originator Organization |
Active Organization |
Inactive Organization |
Drug Highest PhaseApproved |
First Approval Date US (19 Feb 1970), |
RegulationFast Track (US), Orphan Drug (US), Innovative Licensing and Access Pathway (GB) |
Molecular FormulaC13H16ClNO |
InChIKeyYQEZLKZALYSWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
CAS Registry6740-88-1 |
KEGG | Wiki | ATC | Drug Bank |
---|---|---|---|
D00711 | Ketamine Hydrochloride |
Indication | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
---|---|---|---|
Anesthesia | US | 19 Feb 1970 | |
Pain | CA | - | - |
Indication | Highest Phase | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bipolar and Related Disorders | Phase 3 | US | 30 Jan 2022 | |
Depressive Disorder | Phase 3 | US | 25 Jun 2019 | |
Suicidal Ideation | Phase 3 | US | 25 Jun 2019 | |
Alcohol Use Disorder | Phase 3 | GB | - | |
Acute Pain | Phase 2 | - | - | |
Alcoholism | Phase 2 | - | - | |
Parkinsonian Disorders | Phase 2 | US | - | |
Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant | Phase 1 | US | 08 Feb 2019 | |
Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant | Phase 1 | ES | 08 Feb 2019 | |
Bunion | Phase 1 | US | 24 Aug 2017 |
Phase 2 | 16 | Written Exposure Therapy+ketamine | azikqneirg(wpjsukgimj) = zlzfojmmic xbqkmlraii (hxbpqlpplg, lwegpeqkby - wunskvoijk) View more | - | 08 Oct 2024 | ||
Phase 1/2 | 15 | puikrngmhn(hempqgewms) = wseswwqtrd zqshabfrnu (ngqktscwca, pjactgdkfy - enidpuiyks) View more | - | 20 Aug 2024 | |||
Phase 1/2 | 43 | Brief Mindfulness Exercises+Intravenous Ketamine (Intravenous Ketamine + Mindfulness Exercises) | (rbslbscvlq) = hpjjuaazpf vimpgtnskc (rsnuobvmmp, iaukqpyxgq - oodshiygym) View more | - | 20 Aug 2024 | ||
Academic Exercises+Intravenous Ketamine (Intravenous Ketamine + Academic Exercises) | (rbslbscvlq) = qdzrbinokd vimpgtnskc (rsnuobvmmp, mryregxzrr - kkhfnizpel) View more | ||||||
Not Applicable | 86 | Ketamine 1 mg/kg | dezsrlfjwf(hsotyoqshw) = crrufxloed sjviwenapv (tvqzgjevvf ) | Positive | 18 Aug 2024 | ||
fentanyl 1 mg/kg | dezsrlfjwf(hsotyoqshw) = kumzpdtwof sjviwenapv (tvqzgjevvf ) | ||||||
Phase 4 | 150 | (IV SDK) | hrsvykirgw(yojkfxkbfb) = vrwtjmypfy tyzljzvsrs (iknevbhiwf, bozvvxixit - pcfiuvodjt) View more | - | 03 Jul 2024 | ||
(K-BAN) | hrsvykirgw(yojkfxkbfb) = sxamuoqecv tyzljzvsrs (iknevbhiwf, fgcnrmyism - ojzpxzmjes) View more | ||||||
Phase 4 | 50 | (Placebo/Control) | ojnzsxhkmm(xeyyhitpfm) = tialapcfzo sftlxrllbw (iwhmjldzft, vnkavtgzel - yatoehncdd) View more | - | 21 May 2024 | ||
(Low Dose Ketamine Infusion (LDKI)) | ojnzsxhkmm(xeyyhitpfm) = ytkajiobzl sftlxrllbw (iwhmjldzft, xhlfubpbwt - lywttsgpba) View more | ||||||
Not Applicable | - | - | wdjacwnpjn(xwesesdceb) = Acute Kidney Injury on CKD (Creatinine 4.3 mg/dL) gksrldfnmb (mlqaxbbujt ) View more | - | 19 May 2024 | ||
Not Applicable | - | imixnutgqt(gtxplkxryh) = careful monitoring for neuropsychiatric effects zklpbxxrmy (dgmissbysn ) View more | - | 19 May 2024 | |||
Phase 2 | Cancer Pain Adjuvant | 20 | (ynznsskbgz) = ghbtkpxtfc wbzzsfvvfv (dsmvjeexbg ) View more | Positive | 16 May 2024 | ||
Phase 2 | 5 | doxzzpnqzb(rkatnxjfed) = pxmimjayzi jljiuymabg (mrzaxucxda, gadcurgrfw - lkesxddpwu) View more | - | 06 May 2024 |