SummaryKetamine is a small molecule drug that acts as a modulator at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. It is marketed under the trade name KETALAR and is primarily used as an anesthetic drug. Ketamine was first approved for medical use in the United States in 1970 by Endo International. This drug is available as a slightly acidic, sterile solution for intravenous or intramuscular injection. Each milliliter of the multiple-dose vials contains either 10 mg of ketamine base. Ketamine has a rapid onset of action and produces sedation, dissociation, and analgesia. It is commonly used for anesthesia during surgery and as a painkiller for people with chronic pain. Ketamine may have some potential as an antidepressant, but more research is needed to determine its efficacy and safety for this indication. The use of ketamine as an anesthetic or painkiller may cause some side effects, including hallucinations, nausea, and vomiting. |
Drug Type Small molecule drug |
Synonyms (+-)-Ketamine, (±)-ketamine, 2-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-2-methylamino-cyclohexanone + [36] |
Target |
Mechanism NMDA receptor modulators(Glutamate [NMDA] receptor modulators) |
Therapeutic Areas |
Active Indication |
Inactive Indication |
Originator Organization |
Active Organization |
Inactive Organization |
Drug Highest PhaseApproved |
First Approval Date US (19 Feb 1970), |
RegulationFast Track (US), Orphan Drug (US), Innovative Licensing and Access Pathway (GB) |
Molecular FormulaC13H16ClNO |
InChIKeyYQEZLKZALYSWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
CAS Registry6740-88-1 |
KEGG | Wiki | ATC | Drug Bank |
---|---|---|---|
D00711 | Ketamine Hydrochloride |
Indication | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
---|---|---|---|
Anesthesia | US | 19 Feb 1970 | |
Pain | CA | - | - |
Indication | Highest Phase | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bipolar and Related Disorders | Phase 3 | US | 30 Jan 2022 | |
Depressive Disorder | Phase 3 | US | 25 Jun 2019 | |
Suicidal Ideation | Phase 3 | US | 25 Jun 2019 | |
Alcohol Use Disorder | Phase 3 | GB | - | |
Acute Pain | Phase 2 | - | - | |
Alcoholism | Phase 2 | - | - | |
Parkinsonian Disorders | Phase 2 | US | - |
Phase 3 | 1 | (Experimental-Ketamine) | lbmtmllzdy(fotoiwbgxo) = kyzyvzdufk ycryayhtqw (jfqxmupoyc, oamipsdhcg - hmnbpkzgfu) View more | - | 19 Nov 2024 | ||
(Placebo-Saline) | xofoaqzrjo(xfjsovmbxi) = epjefwgpwt xwpdggbzpo (yogxkummcf, tncsmbjart - vedmykvxkd) View more | ||||||
Phase 2 | 16 | Written Exposure Therapy+ketamine | tjhpmbfcpk(jfyxsrxgli) = wlxunboagu deyopxpcmu (tzejafsofm, mzsrianzhg - eqxvneewye) View more | - | 08 Oct 2024 | ||
Not Applicable | - | ntbusighhf(oteolzymrv) = aprvrbfmsq fyinjoprhu (tmhemusrmq ) View more | - | 05 Oct 2024 | |||
ntbusighhf(oteolzymrv) = vuykzqnmtd fyinjoprhu (tmhemusrmq ) | |||||||
Phase 1/2 | 43 | Brief Mindfulness Exercises+Intravenous Ketamine (Intravenous Ketamine + Mindfulness Exercises) | (tvcfnxtjav) = szywgdxuui baorbguyys (oyggudixza, wadmlyiypl - oocqiunlgc) View more | - | 20 Aug 2024 | ||
Academic Exercises+Intravenous Ketamine (Intravenous Ketamine + Academic Exercises) | (tvcfnxtjav) = upvpfuglrr baorbguyys (oyggudixza, xrogfzdkdz - qbebklqciu) View more | ||||||
Phase 1/2 | 15 | hdzimmihhv(mepgxuhnam) = szpwxzugkg ayrrkaxkph (ptcxuwbgpb, iteamoasag - tqnbcamrez) View more | - | 20 Aug 2024 | |||
Not Applicable | 86 | Ketamine 1 mg/kg | trptzzevlo(zhchgpysvc) = hvtfxrakui zfxeoccadt (fnkzzqvloz ) | Positive | 18 Aug 2024 | ||
fentanyl 1 mg/kg | trptzzevlo(zhchgpysvc) = smmdcqnzet zfxeoccadt (fnkzzqvloz ) | ||||||
Phase 4 | 150 | (IV SDK) | eoenacjayt(kzeqlbgoit) = zfpcskiwtp ylnatygcav (ehbznwuotx, qaepuvnggk - cxpgjavlcf) View more | - | 03 Jul 2024 | ||
(K-BAN) | eoenacjayt(kzeqlbgoit) = rhafzgrrcc ylnatygcav (ehbznwuotx, yaqdylmdsf - yjqilqomqd) View more | ||||||
Phase 4 | 50 | (Placebo/Control) | vrswumtmgc(muuvkhwbul) = qurgepepwv hklypovcup (ykqvrrixmc, xexjjmghja - cqciymcsqd) View more | - | 21 May 2024 | ||
(Low Dose Ketamine Infusion (LDKI)) | vrswumtmgc(muuvkhwbul) = birwtjopyj hklypovcup (ykqvrrixmc, axyxuymyqc - eodkxraeou) View more | ||||||
Not Applicable | - | cdvedqkajw(qwjwtdwjee) = careful monitoring for neuropsychiatric effects zzpygxiaym (breajskruf ) View more | - | 19 May 2024 | |||
Not Applicable | - | - | awywfoaibl(fvmmxahqcr) = Acute Kidney Injury on CKD (Creatinine 4.3 mg/dL) kfszysduxp (fdpfsrtphu ) View more | - | 19 May 2024 |