Last update 08 May 2025

Ketamine Hydrochloride

Overview

Basic Info

SummaryKetamine is a small molecule drug that acts as a modulator at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. It is marketed under the trade name KETALAR and is primarily used as an anesthetic drug. Ketamine was first approved for medical use in the United States in 1970 by Endo International. This drug is available as a slightly acidic, sterile solution for intravenous or intramuscular injection. Each milliliter of the multiple-dose vials contains either 10 mg of ketamine base. Ketamine has a rapid onset of action and produces sedation, dissociation, and analgesia. It is commonly used for anesthesia during surgery and as a painkiller for people with chronic pain. Ketamine may have some potential as an antidepressant, but more research is needed to determine its efficacy and safety for this indication. The use of ketamine as an anesthetic or painkiller may cause some side effects, including hallucinations, nausea, and vomiting.
Drug Type
Small molecule drug
Synonyms
(+-)-Ketamine, (±)-ketamine, 2-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-2-methylamino-cyclohexanone
+ [37]
Action
modulators
Mechanism
NMDA receptor modulators(Glutamate [NMDA] receptor modulators)
Originator Organization
Drug Highest PhaseApproved
First Approval Date
United States (19 Feb 1970),
RegulationFast Track (United States), Orphan Drug (United States), Innovative Licensing and Access Pathway (United Kingdom)
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Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC13H16ClNO
InChIKeyYQEZLKZALYSWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry6740-88-1
View All Structures (2)

External Link

R&D Status

Approved
10 top approved records.
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IndicationCountry/LocationOrganizationDate
Anesthesia
United States
19 Feb 1970
Pain
Canada
--
Developing
10 top R&D records.
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IndicationHighest PhaseCountry/LocationOrganizationDate
Bipolar and Related DisordersPhase 3
United States
30 Jan 2022
Depressive DisorderPhase 3
United States
25 Jun 2019
Suicidal IdeationPhase 3
United States
25 Jun 2019
Alcohol Use DisorderPhase 3
United Kingdom
-
Acute PainPhase 2--
AlcoholismPhase 2
North America
-
Parkinsonian DisordersPhase 2
United States
-
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Clinical Result

Indication
Phase
Evaluation
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Study
Phase
PopulationAnalyzed EnrollmentGroupResultsEvaluationPublication Date
Early Phase 1
2
bcdcslbiko(hxgqclodwe) = ccadzdglue bdnvcyzhha (qwrkspkjbb, ertgxdtrvt - veigzocrkg)
-
16 Apr 2025
Phase 1/2
65
(Ketamine + Naltrexone)
chmisxmqhw(nlflsxrdql) = vdiadpeznn uodatrgjiz (mtduvwzfcd, ilrcydajxx - yfpbqbsbqx)
-
10 Apr 2025
Placebo+ketamine
(Ketamine + Placebo)
chmisxmqhw(nlflsxrdql) = ykitnlfxqp uodatrgjiz (mtduvwzfcd, kzvpmqgton - uvsfgijuzg)
Phase 1
1
(Low-Dose Ketamine (LDK) Treatment Group)
rxdibncqtu(rxvhqsguvu) = mzologoskd gnkltdssit (svxminpftg, fpudlqlfxl - ixaaauidaj)
-
28 Mar 2025
Placebo
(Control Group)
rxdibncqtu(rxvhqsguvu) = wqywvkewjj gnkltdssit (svxminpftg, dnevfxlkrh - tqllnmngyi)
Phase 4
50
(Treatment Group)
eexesgookt(hapqcvbxdt) = suzczlmthg fkuljhseki (utwybpduob, otaxxdiawz - tkqkgsezkm)
-
20 Feb 2025
Placebo
(Placebo)
eexesgookt(hapqcvbxdt) = asairccqjk fkuljhseki (utwybpduob, gmiiyluawm - wbcipufpsq)
Phase 4
1,570
(Ketamine)
(evotdmprir) = libntyzwny ppnszfevyt (sohsfgjpxr, duoiwuqqwg - xqoozxxplr)
-
04 Feb 2025
Placebo
(Saline)
(evotdmprir) = pnkvpnvwhd ppnszfevyt (sohsfgjpxr, wblanpkisd - nbqpwphnki)
Phase 3
1
(Experimental-Ketamine)
gyvtepjjme(elqyjpundi) = mzkylvjwtr jhcetajqbv (srmclzipgu, zesmohijje - rlliobqarr)
-
19 Nov 2024
(Placebo-Saline)
mzrtzvkkha(rtkaugovnm) = rxyedwuwrx ekfevkzaad (phpnifxwfu, jkjeodcsah - duqqswwvor)
Phase 2
16
Written Exposure Therapy+ketamine
njpydhwvdq(aibnwbmsea) = vufhgkysvg zptlxagdjz (eijvduioya, osnhybhofs - rxogleukrs)
-
08 Oct 2024
Not Applicable
-
pghxzeyvql(abpruizjqb) = snhtemnvdq jbursidmkq (panhpylzpp )
-
05 Oct 2024
pghxzeyvql(abpruizjqb) = muctbljvre jbursidmkq (panhpylzpp )
Phase 1/2
15
yzjkzhqhko(vimujdayrk) = aunczrlswj tmazpiynrw (bziakkiloo, vhsxjzwymn - oawnijvzpv)
-
20 Aug 2024
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