To compare the outcomes of the use of propofol, etomidate, and ketamine as induction agents for adult trauma patients undergoing intubation within 24 hours of admission. The primary goal is to determine the ideal agent that should be used in this patient population for intubations.

Start Date01 Jan 2026

Sponsor / Collaborator

University of Southern California

[+4]

ChiCTR2500098774

/ SuspendedNot ApplicableIIT

Oliceridine combined with propofol-etomidate sedation in geriatric outpatients undergoing painless gastroscopy: a randomized controlled trial

Start Date01 Aug 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator-

ChiCTR2500101280

/ SuspendedPhase 4IIT

Comparison of the application of cyclosporine, propofol, and etomidate in painless gastroscopy anesthesia in elderly patients: a single center, prospective, double-blind randomized controlled study

Start Date01 May 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator

Weihai Municipal Hospital

100 Clinical Results associated with Etomidate

100 Translational Medicine associated with Etomidate

100 Patents (Medical) associated with Etomidate

4,188

Literatures (Medical) associated with Etomidate

01 Jul 2025·Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis

Potential drug exposure risk assessment of analysts in analytical laboratories through fingernail, hair, and atmospheric environment analyses

Article

Author: Chen, Jie ; Wu, Jianmei ; Su, Mengxiang ; Zheng, Xiaoyu ; Wen, Wu ; Yang, Hongxian ; Chen, Panpan

Analysts in drug testing laboratories are frequently exposed to drugs as part of their daily work activities. Certain drug components can vaporise and adhere to atmospheric particles. Therefore, the presence of drugs in laboratory settings can affect the health and well-being of the laboratory personnel. This study aimed to highlight possible health consequences of 25 expected drug exposure risks by examining fingernail, hair, and atmospheric environment samples. The results showed that etomidate was detected in the hair samples of eight individuals, with the highest level of 19.73 pg/mg, and no components were detected in the fingernail samples. This indicates that etomidate may adhere to hair but does not significantly affect the human body. An atmospheric particulate sampler was used to collect atmospheric particulate matter and gaseous samples from different laboratory rooms. Methamphetamine, ketamine, etomidate, and other drugs were detected in atmospheric particles and gases. Furthermore, the distribution of these chemicals was evaluated by comparing their concentrations in total suspended particulate matter and gas phase. The development and application of these methods coupled with data analysis, aimed at enhancing the self-protection awareness of laboratory scientists and establish a foundation for future assessments of potential hazards.

01 Jul 2025·The American Journal of Emergency Medicine

CuratED: The emergency medicine pharmacotherapy literature of 2024

Review

Author: Slocum, Giles W ; Laub, Jessica ; Koehl, Jennifer ; Feldman, Ryan ; Faine, Brett ; Flack, Tara ; Howington, Gavin T ; Sarangarm, Preeyaporn ; Krenz, James ; Woolum, Jordan ; Santiago, Ruben D ; Porter, Blake ; Zepeski, Anne ; Rech, Megan A ; Zimmerman, David E

The purpose of this article is to summarize pharmacotherapy related emergency medicine (EM) literature indexed in 2024. Articles were selected utilizing a modified Delphi approach. The table of contents from predetermined journals were reviewed and independently evaluated via the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system by paired authors. Pharmacotherapy-related publications deemed to be GRADE 1A and 1B were reviewed by the collective group for inclusion in the review. This article synthesizes and evaluates findings from 11 randomized controlled trials, 10 guidelines, clinical policies, position statements, or consensus recommendations, and 7 meta-analyses, providing critical insight into their potential clinical impact. Covered topics include guideline updates on seizure prophylaxis in traumatic brain injury, corticosteroid use in sepsis and acute respiratory distress and antibiotic prophylaxis in trauma. Additional topics include updates on thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke, including tenecteplase versus alteplase, anticoagulation reversal strategies with andexanet alpha and prothrombin complex concentrate, and the use of tranexamic acid in traumatic brain injury, ketamine versus etomidate for intubation in critically ill adults, expert consensus on heart failure hospitalization management, geriatric emergency medication safety recommendations, and emerging data on dual antiplatelet therapy for stroke management.

01 May 2025·Aquatic Toxicology

Neurotoxicity and aggressive behavior induced by anesthetic etomidate exposure in zebrafish: Insights from multi-omics and machine learning

Article

Author: Luo, Qizhi ; Li, Yihan ; Luo, Yuxuan ; Zhuang, Zile ; Chen, Xuncai ; Li, Xuewei ; Pan, Yupeng ; Lin, Xuhui ; Zhang, Zheng

Etomidate (ETO), widely employed as a surgical anesthetic and more recently recognized as a drug of abuse, has been frequently detected in aquatic environment. However, the toxicity assessment of ETO is insufficient. Adult zebrafish were used to investigate toxicological effects of ETO. Four weeks ETO exposure could induced abnormal behaviors, including reduced anxiety, memory impairment, and heightened aggression. The increased aggression was quantitatively characterized using machine learning, which revealed significantly elevated instantaneous velocity and drastic changes in angular velocity. ETO was predominantly accumulated in the zebrafish brain, where it binds to GABA-A receptors, leading to a significant increase in GABA content. Furthermore, fluorescent staining of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain revealed that ETO exposure significantly increased the oxidative stress level. This oxidative stress resulted in mitochondrial swelling, rupture, and damage to myelinated nerve fibers, ultimately causing cerebral injury in zebrafish. Multi-omics analysis further elucidated that ETO exposure down-regulated the MAPK signaling pathway, hyperactivated motor proteins, and induced metabolic disorders of lipids and amino acids. In summary, this study demonstrates that ETO induces neurotoxicity and behavioral alterations in zebrafish. These findings provide a critical insight into the mechanisms underlying ETO's neurotoxic effects and contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of its environmental and health risks.

News (Medical) associated with Etomidate

16 Jul 2024

·www.prnewswire.com

Benzodiazepine Drugs Market to Reach US$ 3.2 Billion by 2034, Growing at 3.5% CAGR | Impact of Psychological Conditions and Aging Population - Reports TMR

Benzodiazepine drugs are vastly used as psychoactive drugs, which can be used to control seizures, alcohol withdrawal symptoms, and other issues related to the psychological conditions of a human being. With the activity of drugs closely related to brain stimulation, the drug can act as a relaxant for muscles in the body. WILMINGTON, Del., July 16, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Owing to different governing factors, the development of the benzodiazepine drug market is expected to traverse a sluggish path of advancement during the forecasted period. With a CAGR of 3.5%, the industry will proceed to reach USD 3.2 billion by 2034. The last recorded size of the ecosystem was USD 2.2 billion in 2023. With the changing lifestyles and mounting pressures to cope with an accelerated pace of living, many people have been facing psychological issues. The growing prevalence of trauma, anxiety, mental fatigue, and many other psychological conditions is observed to have increased recently. To treat such medical conditions, an appropriate relaxant must be applied to get the desired results. This growing prevalence is a clear sign of an important driver that promises to elevate the size of the competitive space during the forecasted period. The rising geriatric population is contributing to the growing cases of insomnia. Along with the abovementioned factors, the growing senior population is trying to find solutions for issues like sleep deprivation. To cater to such issues, the use of benzodiazepine drugs is observed to have increased. Propel Your Business Success: Secure Your Sample of Our Latest Report Now! Due to the sedative properties of drugs, the use of such chemicals is observed to have gained traction in the case of muscle relaxants. To cater to such muscle spasms and other related issues, such drugs can be effective. This factor drives the sales of such drugs. With the spurring of innovation and growth in the technological infrastructure, product augmentation has become possible. Key players in the ecosystem invest more in innovation to alter formulations of drugs. This elevates drug delivery and response time, delivering better results. Rising investments in the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries have generated better prospects for leading organizations. As more market openings have been created in the industry, the scope of expanding the market increases for key players, benefitting the size of the industry. The growing research and development activities are expected to augment the drug efficacy and efficiency, which will likely benefit the industry. Due to this, such efforts have been fueling the industry's progress, creating opportunities for new entrants. Benzodiazepine Drugs Market Report Scope: Key Findings from the Market Report The competitive landscape of benzodiazepine drugs can be segmented into different categories depending on various parameters. Based on the drug type, Alprazolam is used to control anxiety issues. The drug controls an abnormal excitement in the brain. Based on the application segment, anxiety is the largest shareholder in the industry. Due to the changing lifestyle, such cases are increasing at an alarming rate, gaining more demand for the segment. Based on the time of use, various prolonged cases of such drugs are seen to have gained momentum. Curing deep psychological impacts is surging the demand for the segment. Based on the end-user, hospital pharmacies govern the largest market share due to better availability of drugs. Regional Profile The growing awareness of psychological health in Asia-Pacific is creating better prospects for the global benzodiazepine drug market. With the growing drug research activities in Europe, the demand for such drugs will likely increase due to a larger canvas. The progress of the healthcare and pharmaceutical industry in North America is a key factor in helping the region lead the global landscape. Competitive Landscape Among different firms expanding in the industry, Pfizer Inc. is a key player that produces different products to expand. Such products include aminophylline, etomidate, argatroban injection, and many more. UCB S.A. is another important player producing solutions for Briviact (brivaracetam) Epilepsy, Ankylosing spondylitis, and Myasthenia Gravis. Hikma Pharmaceuticals PLC operates in different verticals, including injectables, oral drugs, and other segments. Key Developments in the Benzodiazepine Drug Market In December 2023, Pfizer Inc. acquired Seagen. This move bolstered the position of the organization in the industry. In March 2024, UCB S.A. invested in IMIDomics, Inc. to innovate solutions for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. This product launch helped the business augment products, bolstering the position in the market. Key Players Pfizer Inc. UCB S.A. Hikma Pharmaceuticals PLC Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. H.Lundbeck A/S Apotex Inc. Aurobindo Pharma Purdue Pharma Other Prominent Players Market Segmentation Drug Type Alprazolam Clonazepam Diazepam Lorazepam Others (Midazolam, etc.) Application Anxiety Insomnia Alcohol Withdrawal Seizures Others (Bipolar Disorder, etc.) Time of Action Ultra-short Acting Short Acting Long Acting End User Hospital Pharmacies Retail Pharmacies Online Pharmacies Region North America Europe Asia Pacific Latin America Middle East & Africa Drive Your Business Growth Strategy: Purchase the Report for Key Insights! Have a Look at Related Research Reports of Pharmaceutical Cardiovascular Drugs Market - The global cardiovascular drugs market, valued at USD 142.8 billion in 2022, is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.8% from 2023 to 2031. This growth trajectory is expected to elevate the market size to USD 195.6 billion by the end of 2031, driven by increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, advancements in drug development, and rising healthcare expenditures globally. Insomnia Market - The global insomnia industry was worth US$ 3.8 billion in 2022. From 2023 to 2031, it is expected to increase at a CAGR of 6.0%, reaching US$ 6.4 billion. Various therapies have been explored for managing insomnia, offering non-pharmacological alternatives for those seeking sleep improvement. Bioengineered Protein Drugs Market - Rise in incidence of chronic diseases such as infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer is a dominating factor contributing to the bioengineered protein drugs market growth. About Transparency Market Research Transparency Market Research, a global market research company registered at Wilmington, Delaware, United States, provides custom research and consulting services. Our exclusive blend of quantitative forecasting and trends analysis provides forward-looking insights for thousands of decision makers. Our experienced team of Analysts, Researchers, and Consultants use proprietary data sources and various tools & techniques to gather and analyses information. Our data repository is continuously updated and revised by a team of research experts, so that it always reflects the latest trends and information. With a broad research and analysis capability, Transparency Market Research employs rigorous primary and secondary research techniques in developing distinctive data sets and research material for business reports. Contact: Transparency Market Research Inc. CORPORATE HEADQUARTER DOWNTOWN, 1000 N. West Street, Suite 1200, Wilmington, Delaware 19801 USA Tel: +1-518-618-1030 USA – Canada Toll Free: 866-552-3453 Website: Email: [email protected] Follow Us: LinkedIn | Twitter | Blog | YouTube Logo: SOURCE Transparency Market Research

Acquisition

23 Aug 2017

·www.biospace.com

This Pharma Giant Doesn’t Want Its Drug Used in Death Penalty Executions

August 23, 2017 By Alex Keown , BioSpace.com Breaking News Staff NEW YORK -- Janssen Pharmaceutical , a division of health care giant Johnson & Johnson , is entering the debate on the death penalty. The company is opposing the use of one of its drugs in the looming execution of a Florida death row inmate. Earlier this year, the state of Florida amended its protocols surrounding lethal injection to allow the inclusion of Janssen’s etomidate anesthetic agent. State leaders did this as its supplies of midazolam, a sedative used in executions, were exhausted, The Street reported. Midazolam was one of two drugs at the center of lawsuits filed against the state of Arkansas by drugmakers over their use in executions earlier this year. This will be the first time Janssen’s drug will be used as part of an execution, the Washington Post reported, citing the Death Penalty Information Center. Florida intends to use Janssen’s drug as part of a lethal cocktail in the execution of Mark Asay , who was convicted of two murders committed in 1987, the Post said. Janssen is opposed to the use of etomidate, which was first developed in the 1960s, in capital punishment. “Janssen discovers and develops medical innovations to save and enhance lives. We do not support the use of our medicines for indications that have not been approved by regulatory authorities,” Greg Panico , a spokesman for Janssen said in a statement to the Post . “We do not condone the use of our medicines in lethal injections for capital punishment.” While Janssen and J&J may oppose the use of its drug in executions, the Post noted that it’s a largely symbolic opposition. Etomidate is not sold in the United States by J&J and the company divested itself of the product last year. Etomidate is off-patent and made by multiple generic manufacturers, the Post added. It is unknown which company sold the drug to the state of Florida. The Street noted that there are at least eight different manufacturers of generic etomidate. Janssen is the latest pharma company to denounce the use of a drug it developed in capital punishment. Pfizer has objected to the use of its drug, vecuronium bromide, in executions. In April, two European pharmaceutical companies, Fresenius Kabi USA and West-Ward Pharmaceuticals Corp. , objected to their drugs being used in multiple executions the state of Arkansas conducted before drug supplies ran out. The companies said the use of their drugs in executions “runs counter to the manufacturers’ mission to save and enhance patients’ lives,” according to a legal filing. Fresenius Kabi manufactures potassium chloride, which is used to stop the heart. West-Ward Pharmaceuticals is a maker of the sedative midazolam. In May, BioSpace reported that 24 drugmakers publicly opposed the use of their products in lethal injections. Pfizer has developed policies for seven of its drugs used in the death penalty in order to make it more difficult for states to obtain the drugs for executions. The seven Pfizer drugs are pancuronium bromide, potassium chloride, propofol, midazolam, hydromorphone, rocuronium bromide and vecuronium bromide. “Pfizer makes its products solely to enhance and save the lives of the patients we serve. We strongly object to the use of any of our products in the lethal injection process for capital punishment,” Pfizer said in a statement.

Drug ApprovalClinical StudyPatent Infringement

100 Deals associated with Etomidate

External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D00548	Etomidate	N01AX07	DB00292

R&D Status

10 top approved records.

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Anesthesia	United States	Hospira, Inc.	07 Sep 1982

Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

View All Results

Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


ENDO2024	Not Applicable	Metastatic Cervical Carcinoma Ki-67 \| vimentin \| CEA ... View more	-	Chemotherapy and radiotherapy	(kmgmlkkgcv) = efobalgrit gncjfmfbnv (yblboemmtb ) View more	Negative	01 Jun 2024
				Etomidate infusion	(kmgmlkkgcv) = elzrinolas gncjfmfbnv (yblboemmtb ) View more
ENDO2024	Not Applicable	Adrenocortical Carcinoma \| Cushing Syndrome	1	Continuous Low-Dose Etomidate Infusion	lpfslinirw(opsegqluar) = she then suffered an ischemic cerebrovascular event and multiorgan failure, and was subsequently transitioned to hospice care dcwsbjnocd (uquphqkdir )	Positive	01 Jun 2024
FRI226 (ENDO2023)	Not Applicable	Ectopic ACTH Syndrome	-	Etomidate infusion	(qvuiodgljw) = skxepoxfar gqpiegixrv (bymfnudswb ) View more	-	05 Oct 2023
SAT316 (ENDO2023)	Not Applicable	Small Cell Lung Cancer \| Ectopic ACTH Syndrome	-	Etomidate	xhfodvvjhs(khzcxovppc) = kbszntlzdy wfolduxljq (hbduyhesed )	-	05 Oct 2023
				Ketoconazole	xhfodvvjhs(khzcxovppc) = zldsmfbwtz wfolduxljq (hbduyhesed )
ODP061 (ENDO2022)	Not Applicable	Endocrine System Diseases ACTH \| metanephrines \| normetanephrines ... View more	1	Doxazosin	(yxbhjukbhq) = pktckdncxr osrsfflchs (tuspjfbiol ) View more	Positive	01 Nov 2022
				Etomidate	(yxbhjukbhq) = imuolzbans osrsfflchs (tuspjfbiol ) View more
NCT02910206 (EPIC, Pubmed \| JAMA Surg)	Not Applicable	-	1,944	Etomidate	(wfjjadsulk) = svpazbuozd hdfixglwzb (rhziaapwxu ) View more	Positive	10 Aug 2022
				Propofol	(wfjjadsulk) = givxwvahiw hdfixglwzb (rhziaapwxu ) View more
NCT04857450 (Pubmed \| BMC Anesthesiol)	Not Applicable	Critical Illness	60	Etomidate	hkoesbvzkj(ufuzilvzxb) = wriaawcykk hodccpjnpb (uhdqcugetl, 49.218)	Positive	21 Apr 2022
				Ketamine+Etomidate	hkoesbvzkj(ufuzilvzxb) = gbhkkdsgyk hodccpjnpb (uhdqcugetl, 67.946)
NCT02643381 (EvK, CTgov)	Phase 4	Heart Arrest	801	Emergency Endotracheal Intubation+Etomidate (Etomidate)	movhtwwxwg(trblnveodg) = ihvmpuebrt apdifaywmc (ytslqyzfgg, asvlhyvbyu - jwisotcrla) View more	-	15 Dec 2021
				Emergency Endotracheal Intubation+ketamine (Ketamine)	movhtwwxwg(trblnveodg) = rregsanqir apdifaywmc (ytslqyzfgg, hixokythaj - eppwesqzhj) View more
NCT02643381 (Pubmed \| Intensive Care Med)	Phase 4	-	801	Etomidate	szjdqvgxpo(skdmubkgkq) = ndoadqbgty pcsqeaayjs (gpbvpwkrjq ) View more	-	14 Dec 2021
				Ketamine	szjdqvgxpo(skdmubkgkq) = sbgrzhkhae pcsqeaayjs (gpbvpwkrjq ) View more
NCT03545503 (Ket-RSI, CTgov)	Phase 4	-	428	Etomidate (Etomidate)	autyfpsytk(ognzwxhzje) = oshiowukce evxzffbdhd (yvcewkywto, cwdindjpfv - dvhylqydhr) View more	-	26 Nov 2021
				Ketamine (Ketamine)	autyfpsytk(ognzwxhzje) = inzqolpacc evxzffbdhd (yvcewkywto, rwlaaddrkm - hwbdoslwcp) View more

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