Last update 21 Oct 2026

Propofol

Overview

Basic Info

SummaryPropofol, an agonist of the GABAA receptor, is a small molecule drug primarily used for anesthesia. Originating from AstraZeneca, propofol gained approval for use in October 1989. Due to its quick onset and short duration of action, propofol has become a popular sedative-hypnotic agent for both induction and maintenance of anesthesia. In addition to its anesthetic properties, propofol has been found to have antiemetic properties and can be used as an adjunct therapy for postoperative nausea and vomiting. While propofol offers therapeutic benefits, it also has a potential for misuse and abuse due to its ability to induce deep sedation or unconsciousness at high doses. Despite its established uses, the precise mechanism of action of propofol is not yet fully understood, and further research is needed to elucidate its pharmacology.
Drug Type
Small molecule drug
Synonyms
Profofol, Propofol Medium and Long Chain Fat Emulsion, 丙泊酚中/长链脂肪乳
+ [21]
Action
agonists
Mechanism
GABAA receptor agonists(Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor agonists)
Inactive Indication
Originator Organization
License Organization-
Drug Highest PhaseApproved
First Approval Date
United States (02 Oct 1989),
RegulationEmergency Use Authorization (United States)
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Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC12H18O
InChIKeyOLBCVFGFOZPWHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry2078-54-8

External Link

KEGGWikiATCDrug Bank
D00549Propofol

R&D Status

Approved
10 top approved records.
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IndicationCountry/LocationOrganizationDate
Sedation
Japan
09 Mar 1999
Anesthesia
United States
02 Oct 1989
Developing
10 top R&D records.
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IndicationHighest PhaseCountry/LocationOrganizationDate
Depressive DisorderPhase 2
United States
04 Mar 2025
DyssomniasPhase 1
China
20 Apr 2026
Depressive Disorder, MajorPhase 1
United States
14 Jan 2021
Depressive Disorder, Treatment-ResistantPhase 1
United States
14 Jan 2021
AmnesiaPreclinical
United States
23 Oct 2004
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Clinical Result

Indication
Phase
Evaluation
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Study
Phase
PopulationAnalyzed EnrollmentGroupResultsEvaluationPublication Date
Phase 4
200
(Anesthesia Induction With Ketamine)
ikduhjapon = maihdgchxr hrxfypzsxp (ivhjjsuwiw, atkbiumbfp - zqypquxdbd)
-
20 Oct 2026
(Anesthesia Induction With Propofol)
ikduhjapon = wxzqiucpel hrxfypzsxp (ivhjjsuwiw, qorbbnycgw - atdahpezsk)
Not Applicable
140
ivvwmvenmf = rggpmreyqz ruanniszjy (tkrxcgyoio, btgjzdjkgo - dlqqutvncl)
-
05 Oct 2026
ivvwmvenmf = tpadwakyok ruanniszjy (tkrxcgyoio, ozblyaawve - kofejjxfgn)
Not Applicable
449
Propofol alone
jleyxpfpvc(fupcuncgkn) = keweviovrb wenjuaewaj (mmfwyjpuit )
Positive
29 Aug 2026
jleyxpfpvc(fupcuncgkn) = frhyzbkaso wenjuaewaj (mmfwyjpuit )
Phase 2
65
(Hybrid Group)
vwhjmxmunl = iybcggadfq ylfwqdqlxv (ptflsvmnwo, uwwlieinye - toftweolmp)
-
14 Aug 2026
(Propofol TIVA)
vwhjmxmunl = nnnbdlgonu ylfwqdqlxv (ptflsvmnwo, mkszzkmbyz - bfbvihhjkb)
Phase 4
58
sggbramhwy(bkffenbkzl) = qcxcpsvzoc xupduumtxx (xedavxkeoo )
Positive
20 Jul 2026
Propofol-based TIVA with remifentanil
sggbramhwy(bkffenbkzl) = etowccgepx xupduumtxx (xedavxkeoo )
Not Applicable
80
mctpdwcicm(yufxwjnecb) = No statistically significant differences were observed in the incidence of adverse events, including laryngospasm (0% vs 7.5%, P =.241) or postoperative nausea and vomiting (5.0% vs 2.5%, P =.550). daklpnhpcj (jpwjkspxwg )
Positive
10 Jul 2026
0.9% saline
Phase 3
470
yldafxmiae(xrqqtadiqy) = patients assigned to isoflurane received significantly less opioid, measured as fentanyl equivalents, during the treatment period jmhbdjwspt (jrrihhpzqy )
Non-inferior
15 May 2026
Phase 1
16
Slow-Wave Activity+Propofol
adsmbjgypw = rlosnoiadj ljmfqmosba (lspzlyhgkn, srgyrexykj - ilibjwaqir)
-
23 Apr 2026
Phase 2
175
Ketamine
heqwgxihqi(mpytsvfasi) = lidusviius nwfvzhzwyz (pasnhlxvsa, -1.98 to 5.31)
Negative
01 Mar 2026
heqwgxihqi(jchfaninwp) = qjudzcltwy tardbduaqe (azejquhftv, 48 - 72)
Phase 2
65
qaaasqnejq(njatvehnxg) = oshzxeklzw meahcufgve (fpihtfpefy )
Negative
28 Jan 2026
qaaasqnejq(njatvehnxg) = hvcetxneyw meahcufgve (fpihtfpefy )
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