Chronic hypoestrogenism in postmenopausal women significantly impacts the urogenital epithelium, leading to Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM) and increasing susceptibility to gynecological infections due to vaginal pH elevation. Therapies using the Erbium:YAG (Er:YAG) 2940nm laser and low-dose topical estrogen have demonstrated efficacy in improving vaginal trophism and restoring microbiota balance.
This randomized, double-blind clinical study aims to evaluate the effects of Er:YAG laser in women with GSM undergoing isolated topical estrogen therapy. Sixty patients will be recruited and randomly assigned to two groups. All participants will receive low-dose topical estrogen for 14 days, followed by twice-weekly applications until completing three laser sessions at four-week intervals. Group 1 (Placebo) will receive the laser in off mode, while Group 2 will undergo active laser treatment.
Inclusion criteria include age 45-70 years, pH ≥5, absence of hormone therapy or energy-based intimate treatments for 180 days, and moderate vaginal atrophy symptoms (SCORE >4). Exclusion criteria include abnormal cervical-vaginal cytology in the last six months, corticosteroid therapy within 90 days, and BMI ≥35kg/m².
Assessments will occur at baseline and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-treatment. The primary outcome is the Vaginal Health Index (VHI), while secondary outcomes include symptom evaluation via the Visual Analog Scale, vaginal microbiota analysis through 16S gene sequencing, pH measurement, and quality-of-life and sexual health questionnaires. Statistical analyses will be conducted using SPSS 22.0, employing repeated measures ANOVA for continuous data and the Friedman test for categorical data, with a significance threshold of p<0.05.
The study anticipates positive outcomes from combined therapies, with superior results expected in the laser-treated group, including improved vaginal trophism, microbiota restoration, and symptom relief.

Start Date26 Mar 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator

Centro Universitário Nove de Julho

ChiCTR2500095868

/ RecruitingPhase 4IIT

Benefit analysis of estriol suppository for colposcopy in postmenopausal women

Start Date02 Nov 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator

The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University

NCT06391372

/ Active, not recruitingPhase 3IIT

Effect of Local Estriol Treatment Before Vaginal Repair Surgery on Vaginal Tissues and Early Postoperative Pelvic Floor Functions

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of local estriol treatment applied before vaginal repair surgery on steroid receptors, inflammatory cell response, vascular, connective and nervous tissues in the vagina, and its effects on early postoperative period pelvic floor functions, satisfaction with the surgery and vaginal health.

Start Date01 Apr 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator

Ankara University

100 Clinical Results associated with Estriol

100 Translational Medicine associated with Estriol

100 Patents (Medical) associated with Estriol

10,880

Literatures (Medical) associated with Estriol

01 Jul 2025·Separation and Purification Technology

Efficient and highly selective deep removal of hydrophobic organic compounds from leachate by polyamide microplastics

Author: Zheng, Yuxin ; Ma, Shengjia ; Xu, Bingqian ; Zhao, Yaping ; Cao, Chengjin ; Tang, Shuai

High levels of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) have been detected in the landfill leachates.However, due to the complex leachate composition with high organic content, removing HOCs has proven to be challenging.Herein, we focused on the efficiency and selectivity of polyamide microplastics (PA MPs) in adsorbing HOCs from real landfill leachate.Using bisphenol A (BPA) as a model HOC, PA MPs highly selectively removed 100 % of trace concentrations (1-500 μg·L^-1) of BPA from leachate containing 827 mg·L^-1 of dissolved organic carbon (the concentration ratio of DOC/pollutant was up to 8.27 x 10⁵).D. functional theory calculations confirmed that the selectivity of PA MPs in leachate was primarily related to hydrogen bonding.Various environmental factors (solution pH, anions, natural organic matters, hydrophilic pollutants, dissolved organic carbon, and the high chroma of leachates) had little effects on the adsorption of BPA.Furthermore, PA MPs were completely removed by magnetic zero-valent iron loaded with porous carbon through simple shaking.This study demonstrates PA MP′s effectiveness in selectively removing trace HOCs from leachate and showed significant industrial potential for wastewater treatment.

01 Jun 2025·Journal of Environmental Sciences

Gene expression profiles of Chinese medaka (Oryzias sinensis) primary hepatocytes in response to estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2) and estriol (E3)

Article

Author: Lv, Junhui ; Huai, Narma ; Zhou, Ying ; Zhu, Hua ; Wang, Yue ; Zhang, Kailun ; Li, Xiqing ; Xie, Zhongtang ; Reze, Yilihamu ; Zhang, Zhaobin

The natural estrogens, including estrone (E₁), 17β-estradiol (E₂), and estriol (E₃), are frequently detected in aquatic environment at relatively high levels. The most commonly used biomarkers for estrogens are mainly expressed in the liver of fish. Analyses of the global gene profiling in fish liver cells under estrogens treatment will provide precise toxicogenomic information of the natural estrogens which is still not well known. In this study, we developed methods for isolation and culture of primary hepatocytes from liver tissue of male Chinese medaka (Oryzias sinensis), and analyzed the global gene expression profiling in the primary hepatocytes treated with E₁ (1, 10, and 100 nmol/L), E₂ (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 nmol/L), and E₃ (1, 10, and 100 nmol/L) using RNA-seq. It was found that 175, 248, and 218 genes were differentially expressed in the E₁, E₂, and E₃ groups, respectively. These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly enriched in Gene Ontology (GO) terms of "response to estradiol", "response to estrogen", and "lipid transport". Of the DEGs, vitellogenin genes, including vtg1, vtg2, and vtg3, were the mostly up-regulated and followed by zona pellucida genes which include zp2.3, zp2l1 and zp3a.2. In addition, genes of slc41a1, zp2.1, esr1, pkd1l1, fam20ca, best3, etc. were also obviously up-regulated by the estrogens in concentration-dependent patterns. RT-qPCR was used to validate the results of RNA-seq and found that vtg2 should be the best biomarker gene for estrogen study, which could well response to natural estrogens and weak estrogenic chemical, propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate.

01 Apr 2025·Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy

Qualitative and quantitative detection of sex-targeted hormones in chicken embryo based on terahertz spectroscopy and metamaterial technology

Article

Author: Liang, Shuang ; Wang, Haifeng ; Jia, Nan ; Zhu, Jun ; Zhao, Wenwen ; Zhao, Jingbo ; Li, Bin

Gender identification of chick embryos at the early stages of incubation is of significant importance to poultry industry. Existing studies showed reproductive hormone concentrations are associated with gender of chick embryos. Accurate detection of reproductive hormone concentration can assist in gender identification. This paper explores the feasibility of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and metamaterial techniques for qualitative and quantitative detection of reproductive hormones of chick embryos. First, the absorption characteristics of four key reproductive hormones-estrone (E₁), estradiol (E₂), estriol (E₃), and testosterone (T)-were investigated within the terahertz band. E₃ and T were selected as the sex-targeted hormones for their absorption features. Next, a novel metamaterial structure coupled with the absorption properties of E₃ and T was designed, and simulations were conducted to analyze the sensing mechanism and performance. Results showed that the proposed structure deliver a high refractive index sensitivity reaching 196 GHz/RIU. The Q-factor and figure of merit (FoM) can reach 3.927 and 0.877, respectively. Finally, E₃ and T solutions were prepared at six concentrations (10-2000 μg/mL), and transmission spectra of hormone films of different concentrations on the metamaterial surface were measured. Based on that, frequency shifts-concentration fitting models of E₃ and T were established. Results showed that there is no intersection area in 2D intensity-frequency diagram of E₃ and T, and the correlation coefficient can reach 0.9744 and 0.9527, respectively. The limit of detection (LoD) is 100 μg/mL. This study provides a theoretical and experimental basis for early-stage gender identification of chicken embryos.

News (Medical) associated with Estriol

03 Apr 2023

·www.pharmaceutical-technology.com

New NHS Scheme cuts cost burden for hormone replacement therapies in the UK

Credit: Shutterstock/ Image Point Fr On April 1, the UK Department of Health and Social Care announced the launch of a new scheme to expand access to cheaper Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) drugs. The new HRT prepayment certificate ( PPC ) will reduce prescription costs to just £19.30 per year for HRT in the context of menopause. Free Report How is the Biopharmaceutical industry evolving? 2021 was a year of continued innovation and change in the Biopharmaceutical industry. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to take its toll on businesses worldwide, it’s time to look for new ways to create value, prepare for the future, and remain competitive in the ever-changing landscape. GlobalData’s expansive report examines the business environment and trends that shape the Biopharmaceutical industry. We highlight the most impactful emerging technologies, as well as the industry, regulatory, and macroeconomic factors that influence growth prospects. Access the report to: Benchmark the impact of major themes on the Biopharmaceutical industry. Gain a deeper "on the ground" perspective through exclusive opinions and analysis from industry respondents. Evaluate the effects of COVID-19 on the sector. Download the full report to understand what to expect and how to align your strategies for success. 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British (+1284) Virgin Islands - US (+1340) Wallis & Futuna (+681) Yemen (North)(+969) Yemen (South)(+967) Zambia (+260) Zimbabwe (+263) Country UK USA Afghanistan Åland Islands Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Cocos Islands Colombia Comoros Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d"Ivoire Croatia Cuba Curaçao Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Falkland Islands Faroe Islands Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern Territories Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Gibraltar Greece Greenland Grenada Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guernsey Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Heard Island and McDonald Islands Holy See Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Isle of Man Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jersey Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati North Korea South Korea Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macao Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Martinique Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Mexico Micronesia Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Montserrat Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Caledonia New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norfolk Island Northern Mariana Islands Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Palestinian Territory Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Pitcairn Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Réunion Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint Vincent and The Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Georgia and The South Sandwich Islands Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Svalbard and Jan Mayen Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Taiwan Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Timor-Leste Togo Tokelau Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Turks and Caicos Islands Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates US Minor Outlying Islands Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela Vietnam British Virgin Islands US Virgin Islands Wallis and Futuna Western Sahara Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe Kosovo By downloading this case study, you acknowledge that GlobalData may share your information with GlobalData and that your personal data will be used as described in their Privacy Policy Submit Visit our Privacy Policy for more information about our services, how GlobalData may use, process and share your personal data, including information on your rights in respect of your personal data and how you can unsubscribe from future marketing communications. Our services are intended for corporate subscribers and you warrant that the email address submitted is your corporate email address. Thank you. Please check your email to download the Report. HRT is the primary treatment option for menopausal and perimenopausal women . It relieves symptoms such as hot flushes, night sweats, brain fog, joint pains, mood swings and vaginal dryness, by replacing hormones that may be at a lower level during menopause. HRT is also recommended for reducing the risk of hormone-related health problems such as osteoporosis and heart disease. Patients can now make a one-off payment of £19.30 annually to receive the benefits of the new PPC. The current standard NHS PPC costs £31.25 for three months or £111.60 for 12 months. Each item on an NHS prescription usually costs £9.65, so the new change should cut individual costs if a prescription for HRT drugs is filled three or more times in 12 months. HRT usually comprises of different forms of oestrogen and progesterone. Last year, UK regulators introduced serious shortage protocols (SSPs), in order to improve the supply of HRTs. These protocols restricted the dispensation of Besins Healthcare’s Oestrogel (estradiol), Aspen Pharmacare’s Ovestin (estriol) and Pfizer’s Premique Low Dose (medroxyprogesterone acetate) to a three months’ supply, to reduce drug shortages. The newly announced HRT PPC can be used against list of eligible HRT items that includes skin patches, tablets and topical preparations of the different hormones. This will include estradiols such as Theramex’s Evorel, Mylan’s Elleste-Solo, Gedeon Richter’s Lenzetto and Novartis ’s Estradot amongst others. In the context ofcombination HRT, Mylan’s Femoston, Novo Nordisk’s Kliovance and Trisequens will now be covered. The HRT PPC will be valid for 12 months and there is no limit placed on the number of times the certificate can be used before it expires. NHS PPCs are certificates that cover all NHS prescriptions for a set price. As per a survey published in the “Women’s Health Strategy for England ” report, respondents felt that access to appropriate menopause care was lacking. Furthermore, they reported a “reluctance among some healthcare professionals to prescribe HRT for menopause symptoms”. In the press release accompanying the announcement, the Health and Social Secretary Steve Barclay said, “Menopause care is essential healthcare, and we are ensuring cost is no longer a barrier to women getting the medicines they need”. Free Report How is the Biopharmaceutical industry evolving? 2021 was a year of continued innovation and change in the Biopharmaceutical industry. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to take its toll on businesses worldwide, it’s time to look for new ways to create value, prepare for the future, and remain competitive in the ever-changing landscape. GlobalData’s expansive report examines the business environment and trends that shape the Biopharmaceutical industry. We highlight the most impactful emerging technologies, as well as the industry, regulatory, and macroeconomic factors that influence growth prospects. Access the report to: Benchmark the impact of major themes on the Biopharmaceutical industry. Gain a deeper "on the ground" perspective through exclusive opinions and analysis from industry respondents. Evaluate the effects of COVID-19 on the sector. Download the full report to understand what to expect and how to align your strategies for success. By GlobalData Submit Country Code UK (+44) USA (+1) Algeria (+213) Andorra (+376) Angola (+244) Anguilla (+1264) Antigua & Barbuda (+1268) Argentina (+54) Armenia (+374) Aruba (+297) Australia (+61) Austria (+43) Azerbaijan (+994) Bahamas (+1242) Bahrain (+973) Bangladesh (+880) Barbados (+1246) Belarus (+375) Belgium (+32) Belize (+501) Benin (+229) Bermuda (+1441) Bhutan (+975) Bolivia (+591) Bosnia Herzegovina (+387) Botswana (+267) Brazil (+55) Brunei (+673) Bulgaria (+359) Burkina Faso (+226) Burundi (+257) Cambodia (+855) Cameroon (+237) Canada (+1) Cape Verde Islands (+238) Cayman Islands (+1345) Central African Republic (+236) Chile (+56) China (+86) Colombia (+57) Comoros (+269) Congo (+242) Cook Islands (+682) Costa Rica (+506) Croatia (+385) Cuba (+53) Cyprus North (+90392) Cyprus South (+357) Czech Republic (+42) Denmark (+45) Djibouti (+253) Dominica (+1809) Dominican Republic (+1809) Ecuador (+593) Egypt (+20) El Salvador (+503) Equatorial Guinea (+240) Eritrea (+291) Estonia (+372) Ethiopia (+251) Falkland Islands (+500) Faroe Islands (+298) Fiji (+679) Finland (+358) France (+33) French Guiana (+594) French Polynesia (+689) Gabon (+241) Gambia (+220) Georgia (+7880) Germany (+49) Ghana (+233) Gibraltar (+350) Greece (+30) Greenland (+299) Grenada (+1473) Guadeloupe (+590) Guam (+671) Guatemala (+502) Guinea (+224) Guinea - Bissau (+245) Guyana (+592) Haiti (+509) Honduras (+504) Hong Kong (+852) Hungary (+36) Iceland (+354) India (+91) Indonesia (+62) Iran (+98) Iraq (+964) Ireland (+353) Israel (+972) Italy (+39) Jamaica (+1876) Japan (+81) Jordan (+962) Kazakhstan (+7) Kenya (+254) Kiribati (+686) Korea North (+850) Korea South (+82) Kuwait (+965) Kyrgyzstan (+996) Laos (+856) Latvia (+371) Lebanon (+961) Lesotho (+266) Liberia (+231) Libya (+218) Liechtenstein (+417) Lithuania (+370) Luxembourg (+352) Macao (+853) Macedonia (+389) Madagascar (+261) Malawi (+265) Malaysia (+60) Maldives (+960) Mali (+223) Malta (+356) Marshall Islands (+692) Martinique (+596) Mauritania (+222) Mayotte (+269) Mexico (+52) Micronesia (+691) Moldova (+373) Monaco (+377) Mongolia (+976) Montserrat (+1664) Morocco (+212) Mozambique (+258) Myanmar (+95) Namibia (+264) Nauru (+674) Nepal (+977) Netherlands (+31) New Caledonia (+687) New Zealand (+64) Nicaragua (+505) Niger (+227) Nigeria (+234) Niue (+683) Norfolk Islands (+672) Northern Marianas (+670) Norway (+47) Oman (+968) Palau (+680) Panama (+507) Papua New Guinea (+675) Paraguay (+595) Peru (+51) Philippines (+63) Poland (+48) Portugal (+351) Puerto Rico (+1787) Qatar (+974) Reunion (+262) Romania (+40) Russia (+7) Rwanda (+250) San Marino (+378) Sao Tome & Principe (+239) Saudi Arabia (+966) Senegal (+221) Serbia (+381) Seychelles (+248) Sierra Leone (+232) Singapore (+65) Slovak Republic (+421) Slovenia (+386) Solomon Islands (+677) Somalia (+252) South Africa (+27) Spain (+34) Sri Lanka (+94) St. Helena (+290) St. Kitts (+1869) St. Lucia (+1758) Sudan (+249) Suriname (+597) Swaziland (+268) Sweden (+46) Switzerland (+41) Syria (+963) Taiwan (+886) Tajikstan (+7) Thailand (+66) Togo (+228) Tonga (+676) Trinidad & Tobago (+1868) Tunisia (+216) Turkey (+90) Turkmenistan (+7) Turkmenistan (+993) Turks & Caicos Islands (+1649) Tuvalu (+688) Uganda (+256) Ukraine (+380) United Arab Emirates (+971) Uruguay (+598) Uzbekistan (+7) Vanuatu (+678) Vatican City (+379) Venezuela (+58) Vietnam (+84) Virgin Islands - British (+1284) Virgin Islands - US (+1340) Wallis & Futuna (+681) Yemen (North)(+969) Yemen (South)(+967) Zambia (+260) Zimbabwe (+263) Country UK USA Afghanistan Åland Islands Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Cocos Islands Colombia Comoros Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d"Ivoire Croatia Cuba Curaçao Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Falkland Islands Faroe Islands Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern Territories Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Gibraltar Greece Greenland Grenada Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guernsey Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Heard Island and McDonald Islands Holy See Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Isle of Man Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jersey Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati North Korea South Korea Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macao Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Martinique Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Mexico Micronesia Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Montserrat Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Caledonia New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norfolk Island Northern Mariana Islands Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Palestinian Territory Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Pitcairn Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Réunion Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint Vincent and The Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Georgia and The South Sandwich Islands Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Svalbard and Jan Mayen Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Taiwan Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Timor-Leste Togo Tokelau Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Turks and Caicos Islands Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates US Minor Outlying Islands Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela Vietnam British Virgin Islands US Virgin Islands Wallis and Futuna Western Sahara Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe Kosovo By downloading this case study, you acknowledge that GlobalData may share your information with GlobalData and that your personal data will be used as described in their Privacy Policy Submit Visit our Privacy Policy for more information about our services, how GlobalData may use, process and share your personal data, including information on your rights in respect of your personal data and how you can unsubscribe from future marketing communications. Our services are intended for corporate subscribers and you warrant that the email address submitted is your corporate email address. Thank you. Please check your email to download the Report.

04 Nov 2022

·www.sciencedaily.com

Researchers offer roadmap for identifying new neuroprotective treatments by leveraging sex differences

Sex differences in the aging brain may offer an enticing clue for developing more effective neuroprotective treatments, according to a new research strategy. A new study from UCLA researchers provides a strategy for finding treatments optimally tailored for women and men to prevent cognitive decline in aging as well as progression of neurodegenerative diseases by leveraging sex differences in the brain. Aging is associated with cognitive decline and brain atrophy. Aging also confers a major risk for developing a neurodegenerative disease. Given the aging population, novel strategies are needed to identify neuroprotective therapeutics. The study of sex differences in brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases can reveal new candidate treatment targets tailored for women and men. Understanding the role of sex chromosome gene expression in the brain in the context of waning sex hormones during aging is a new approach to identifying neuroprotective treatments. Dr. Rhonda Voskuhl, Professor, and Dr. Yuichiro Itoh, Associate Researcher, in the Department of Neurology, have created a roadmap to identify novel neuroprotective treatments tailored for women and men that leverage known sex differences in brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Previously, research pursuing treatments for neurodegenerative diseases ignored sex differences in the brain and pooled data together from males and females, taking a "one size fits all" approach. This could dilute out robust effects that exist in one sex but not the other at the clinical research level and fail to capitalize on known disease modifiers in the discovery of new treatment targets at the basic research level. In their study, "The X factor in neurodegeneration," Voskuhl and Itoh write that known sex differences in the brain as well as the effect of higher expression of certain X chromosome genes in females (XX) compared to males (XY) can be assessed for their role in neurodegeneration during aging, a stage of life characterized by loss of potentially neuroprotective hormones in females (estrogen in menopause) and males (testosterone in andropause). The study offers a roadmap for disentangling the contribution of these sex-specific factors, which can yield treatments optimized and targeted for each sex. In the future, this roadmap can be used by researchers to discover targets on the X chromosome gene for development of modulatory treatments that prevent neurodegeneration and promote neural repair during brain aging. "Given the aging population and lack of treatments to prevent cognitive decline during health and to reduce the risk for developing neurodegenerative diseases, it is now imperative to apply new strategies to identify neuroprotective treatments," said Voskuhl, who also directs the UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program. "Leveraging what is known about sex differences in multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease can reveal candidate treatment targets tailored for women and men affected by these conditions. Sex chromosome effects remain understudied and represent a promising frontier for discovery, particularly in the context of declining levels of sex hormones during menopause and andropause." Voskuhl discloses being an inventor on patents owned by UCLA that involve estriol and estrogen receptor beta ligand treatments to maintain cognitive function during aging and neurodegenerative disease. Itoh has no conflicts of interest to disclose.

100 Deals associated with Estriol

External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D00185	Estriol	G03CC06 G03CA04	DB04573

R&D Status

Approved

10 top approved records.

to view more data

Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Infertility	China	-	01 Jan 2000
Vulvovaginal atrophy	United Kingdom	Aspen Pharma Trading Ltd.	20 Aug 1982
Osteoporosis	Japan	Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	28 Dec 1981
Female Urogenital Diseases	Japan	ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	27 Sep 1972
Menopausal symptoms	Japan	Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	18 Nov 1960
Uterine Cervical Erosion	Japan	Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	18 Nov 1960
Uterine Cervicitis	Japan	Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	18 Nov 1960
Vaginitis	Japan	Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	18 Nov 1960

Developing

10 top R&D records.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Multiple Sclerosis	Phase 1	United States	Theriva Biologics, Inc.	-
vaginal mucosa dry	Discovery	Czechia	ITF Research Pharma SLU	01 Oct 2016
vaginal mucosa dry	Discovery	Hungary	ITF Research Pharma SLU	01 Oct 2016
vaginal mucosa dry	Discovery	Sweden	ITF Research Pharma SLU	01 Oct 2016
Atrophic Vaginitis	Discovery	Sweden	ITF Research Pharma SLU	16 Oct 2015
Atrophic Vaginitis	Discovery	Spain	ITF Research Pharma SLU	16 Oct 2015
Early Stage Breast Carcinoma	Discovery	Spain	ITF Research Pharma SLU	16 Oct 2015
Early Stage Breast Carcinoma	Discovery	Sweden	ITF Research Pharma SLU	16 Oct 2015
Vulvovaginal atrophy	Discovery	Spain	ITF Research Pharma SLU	16 Oct 2015
Vulvovaginal atrophy	Discovery	Sweden	ITF Research Pharma SLU	16 Oct 2015

Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

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Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


P3-03-27 (SABCS2023)	Not Applicable	c-myc expression	33	Combined oral hormonal contraceptive + Placebo	eymperlbto(prqaxttmgl) = wgsjyoibme opneymmmro (hacbdmwexn, 10.65)	-	01 Mar 2023
				Combined oral hormonal contraceptive + Estriol	eymperlbto(prqaxttmgl) = tdvupzgenx opneymmmro (hacbdmwexn, 9.88)
NCT04574999 (CTgov)	Phase 3	Vulvovaginal atrophy \| Postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis	167	Estriol (0.005% Estriol Group)	yydapshunz(gerqtcqmfp) = xbqfkgojbv iujuxqfvld (trptyhlhcy, afertjjske - xsmtpwrjzm) View more	-	11 Dec 2020
				Placebo (Placebo Group)	yydapshunz(gerqtcqmfp) = ixhecvufgn iujuxqfvld (trptyhlhcy, ymmxehajae - vqjkaabilg) View more
NCT02967510 (CTgov)	Phase 2	Vulvovaginal atrophy \| vaginal mucosa dry	283	Estriol (Estriol 0.005%)	ctjeuvaqna(gvzknpjpky) = bjcqfamary bhonkitbuc (slfzkonujy, zyczuobimg - wdvpfbczqn) View more	-	25 Sep 2019
				Estriol (Estriol 0.002%)	ctjeuvaqna(gvzknpjpky) = adqvkcfxfs bhonkitbuc (slfzkonujy, cdlmyswgqd - yorufcvxum) View more
NCT02413008 (BLISSAFE, CTgov)	Phase 2	Vulvovaginal atrophy \| Early Stage Breast Carcinoma	61	estriol (0.005% Estriol Vaginal Gel)	wxmztaegra(dykjuuatqe) = jpzsroqfng hjzisvdwtf (eakaxomwnq, dkhwbyneat - wndxqbggxc) View more	-	05 Aug 2019
				Placebo (Placebo Vaginal Gel)	wxmztaegra(dykjuuatqe) = mujglrzqpx hjzisvdwtf (eakaxomwnq, uacggyoiwo - eazuulupia) View more
NCT01408030 (NOSE, CTgov)	Phase 2	Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic \| Epistaxis	123	Bevacizumab (Bevacizumab Spray)	buemxgojun(xjagacxqct) = beygpzadub iqfzoouexg (dccwvgjlex, dvtycdwkrt - nasygktjmo) View more	-	19 Oct 2018
				Estriol (Estriol Spray)	buemxgojun(xjagacxqct) = xmpalbelow iqfzoouexg (dccwvgjlex, uxzohnbalv - mevqwltnqp) View more
NCT00302731 (CTgov)	Phase 2	-	21	placebo+progesterone+conjugated equine estrogens+estradiol (Study Arm 1)	bwrsqtwhtw(uycouhimkn) = bsbpucdcpj uryqadqotl (dzhnxltwfc, twujzuhkly - jfpgvhulzs) View more	-	16 May 2018
				placebo+estriol+progesterone+estradiol (Study Arm 2)	bwrsqtwhtw(uycouhimkn) = nlxbbkinzx uryqadqotl (dzhnxltwfc, oomkodasou - laftbcudtt) View more
NCT00451204 (Estriol-MS, CTgov)	Phase 2	Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting \| Multiple sclerosis relapse	158	Estriol+Copaxone (Estriol Capsules Plus Copaxone Injections)	pzizkzujhh(pqcvcmlnpx) = hostaceqzk tskkmboenl (ywgoaucoii, oxoaybjnwi - rkypknnppg) View more	-	16 Jun 2016
				Placebo+Copaxone (Placebo Capsules Plus Copaxone Injections)	pzizkzujhh(pqcvcmlnpx) = cjlzjcvrsz tskkmboenl (ywgoaucoii, prmzmtcapp - iogxpubnpo) View more
NCT00451204 (Pubmed \| Lancet Neurol) Manual	Phase 2	Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting	164	glatiramer acetate+Estriol	(lfjeylzcki) = lrfkuqxpdg mqxomrpwsr (yxbuitgkza, 0.17 - 0.37) View more	Positive	01 Jan 2016
				Placebo	(lfjeylzcki) = nmckyxixmw mqxomrpwsr (yxbuitgkza, 0.25 - 0.53) View more
NCT00816556 (CTgov)	Phase 3	Atrophic Vaginitis	63	Estriol (Estriol)	vbamvayabx(tjswasvaxm) = rpixuolkfm qguevdbfwb (ychtxyjgnk, dzeuwqekjp - flxlrdaxvg) View more	-	28 Mar 2014
				estradiol valerate (Estradiol)	vbamvayabx(tjswasvaxm) = rjwamqqehi qguevdbfwb (ychtxyjgnk, kocsikhxil - ikalfppsap) View more

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