Delving into the Latest Updates on Measles, Mumps and Rubella Vaccine (GSK) with Synapse

Overview

Basic Info

Drug Type

Combination vaccine, Prophylactic vaccine

Synonyms

Measles mumps and rubella virus vaccine, Measles, Mumps and Rubella Vaccine, Live, Measles, Mumps and Rubella Virus Vaccine Live

+ [5]

Target-

Action

stimulants

Mechanism

Immunostimulants

Therapeutic Areas

Infectious DiseasesMouth and Tooth DiseasesOther Diseases

Active Indication

MumpsMeaslesParotitis+ [1]

Inactive Indication

ChickenpoxHaemophilus InfectionsHepatitis A+ [1]

Originator Organization

GSK Plc

Active Organization

GlaxoSmithKline GmbH & Co. KGGlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SAGlaxoSmithKline LLC

Inactive Organization

GSK Plc

License Organization

GSK Plc

SK bioscience Co., Ltd.

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Date

Austria (31 May 1998)

Regulation-

Login to view timeline

A Phase 3a, Open-Label, Randomized, Controlled Study to Evaluate the Immunogenicity and Safety of Intramuscular Administration of an Investigational Varicella Vaccine and Priorix Compared With Subcutaneous Administration of Varivax and Priorix, When Given as a First Dose to Healthy Children 12 to 15 Months of Age

This study aims to assess the immune response and safety of GSK's candidate chickenpox and marketed MMR vaccines when given to children 12 to 15 months of age via a muscle injection. It compares the GSK vaccines to Merck's chickenpox vaccine, administered just under the skin. Additionally, the study will evaluate the immune response and safety of giving the GSK vaccines along with other childhood vaccines through a muscle injection.

Start Date17 Apr 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator

GSK Plc

NCT06824181

/ RecruitingPhase 3

A Phase 3, Randomized, Modified Double-blind, Active-controlled, Parallel-group, 4-arm Study to Investigate the Mixed Vaccination Schedules of a 21-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine and a 20-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Healthy Infants and Toddlers

This study is a Phase 3, randomized, modified double-blind study which aims to measure whether the investigational pneumococcal conjugate vaccine PCV21 is safe and can help the body to develop germ-fighting agents called "antibodies" (immunogenicity) when it is given after 1 dose, 2 doses, or 3 doses of a licensed 20-valent pneumococcal vaccine compared to when 20-valent pneumococcal vaccine is given as a complete series in infants aged from approximately 2 months (42 to 89 days).
The study duration per participant will be up to approximately 19 months. The study vaccines (either PCV21 or 20vPCV) will be administered at approximately 2, 4, 6 and 12 to 15 months of age (MoA). Routine pediatric vaccines will be given as per local recommendations.
There will be 6 study visits:
Visit (V)01, V02 separated from V01 by 60 days, V03 separated from V02 by 60 days, V04 separated from V03 by 30 days, V05 at 12 months of age until 15 months of age, V06 separated from V05 by 30 days.

Start Date27 Feb 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator

Sanofi

CTRI/2024/11/077318

/ RecruitingPhase 4

A phase IV, double blind, randomized, active control clinical studycomparing safety and immunogenicity of SII-Measles-Mumps-Rubella vaccine with PRIORIX (GSK) in healthy infants in India - MMR01/23

Start Date06 Jan 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator

Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd.

100 Clinical Results associated with Measles, Mumps and Rubella Vaccine (GSK)

Login to view more data

100 Translational Medicine associated with Measles, Mumps and Rubella Vaccine (GSK)

Login to view more data

100 Patents (Medical) associated with Measles, Mumps and Rubella Vaccine (GSK)

Login to view more data

517

Literatures (Medical) associated with Measles, Mumps and Rubella Vaccine (GSK)

31 Dec 2025·Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

Comparative analysis of immunogenicity between first-dose measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine administration and combined MMR-rotavirus vaccination

Article

Author: Liang, Xue-Feng ; Zhang, Xiao-Shu ; An, Jing ; Tang, Yu

This study compared the immunogenicity of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine when administered alone versus when co-administered with the rotavirus vaccine in infants aged 8-9 months. In this prospective cohort study, 1,198 infants were enrolled: 800 received combined MMR and rotavirus vaccines (experimental group), while 398 received the MMR vaccine alone (control group). A Hurdle Gamma model analyzed vaccination impact on antibody levels in both groups and the correlation between antibody responses. Geometric mean concentrations of measles, rubella, and mumps IgG antibodies increased significantly in both groups after vaccination. The experimental group demonstrated 209-fold, 25-fold, and 12-fold increases, respectively, with comparable increases in the control group. Hurdle Gamma model analysis revealed significant positive effects of vaccination on all three antibody levels, with no significant differences between MMR-rotavirus combined vaccination and MMR vaccination alone. Random effects analysis showed strong negative correlations for measles and rubella IgG antibodies (correlation coefficients: -1.00 and -0.99, respectively) and a moderate negative correlation for mumps IgG antibodies (correlation coefficient: -0.56). This study represents the first application of a Hurdle Gamma model to compare immunogenicity between standalone MMR vaccination and combined MMR-rotavirus vaccination. The results demonstrate equivalent MMR antibody responses between these two vaccination approaches.

01 May 2025·INDIAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY

A Randomised Single-Blind Controlled Trial Comparing Efficacy of Intralesional Vitamin D Injection and MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) Vaccine in Treatment of Warts

Article

Author: Pal, Shrayan ; Singh, Sushil ; De, Abhishek

Abstract:

Introduction::

Common warts are benign skin lesions caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. They are often resistant to conventional treatments and may cause cosmetic and psychological distress. Immunotherapy is a promising alternative that stimulates the host immune system to clear the virus and the infected cells. This study compared the efficacy and safety of two immunotherapeutic agents, intralesional measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and intralesional vitamin D, in the treatment of common warts.

Methods::

This was a single-blind randomised controlled trial conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata, India. Patients aged 12 years or older with common warts were randomly assigned to receive either intralesional MMR vaccine or intralesional vitamin D every 3 weeks for a maximum of three doses or until complete resolution, whichever was earlier. The primary outcome was the reduction in the size of the largest wart. Secondary outcomes included patients’ and physicians’ global assessment, complete response rate, adverse effects, and recurrence rate.

Results::

A total of 36 patients were enrolled and analysed. Both MMR and vitamin D groups showed a significant reduction in the size of the largest wart throughout the treatment period (P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of size reduction, patients’ and physicians’ global assessment and adverse effects. The complete response rate was higher in the MMR group (64.7%) than in the vitamin D group (36.8%); however, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.14). The recurrence rate was low in both groups (5.9% in the MMR group and 10.5% in the vitamin D group).

Conclusion::

Both intralesional MMR vaccine and intralesional vitamin D are effective and safe immunotherapeutic options for the treatment of common warts. MMR vaccine may have a slight advantage over vitamin D in terms of complete response rate; however, further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups are needed to confirm this finding.

01 May 2025·Health Science Reports

A Comparative Prospective Study to Assess Efficacy of Intralesional MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) Vaccine and Intralesional Vitamin D3 in Treatment of Nongenital Warts

Article

Author: Baaniya, Bibisha ; Shah, Nidhi ; Dahal, Raunak ; Marahatta, Suchana

ABSTRACT:

Background and Aims:

Intralesional immunotherapy is an upcoming method of wart treatment with fewer side effects and this study aims to assess and compare the efficacy of intralesional MMR vaccine and vitamin D3 in the treatment of nongenital warts.

Methods:

A comparative prospective study was done with a total of 61 patients divided into two groups. Thirty‐one patients were treated with intralesional MMR, while 30 patients received intralesional vitamin D3. In both groups, a maximum of five sessions were carried out every 3 weeks and follow‐up was done for 3 months. χ2, Fisher's exact, and multivariate analyses assessed variable relationships.

Results:

In the MMR group, 80.6% of patients achieved complete response, 6.5% had excellent response, 9.7% showed good response, and 3.2% had no response. Similarly, in the vitamin D3 group, 73.4% achieved complete response, 20.0% had excellent response, 3.3% showed good response and 3.3% had no response. The difference in response rates between the two groups was statistically insignificant. One patient (4.0%) in the MMR group and three patients (13.6%) in the vitamin D3 group experienced recurrence within 3 months of follow‐up, but this difference was not statistically significant. Both treatments were well tolerated. Pain was universal, while swelling (60%), hyperpigmentation (30%), and pruritus (16.7%) were more common with vitamin D3. In logistic regression analysis, pain duration was significantly higher in the Vitamin D group compared to the MMR group (p < 0.001). Fever (MMR) and hypervitaminosis D3‐related fatigue (vitamin D3) were rare. No severe adverse events occurred.

Conclusions:

Both intralesional MMR and vitamin D3 showed positive response and were well tolerated and comfortable modalities for the treatment of warts. However, recurrence rate and side effects were higher with Vitamin D3 than MMR.Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04428359.

8

News (Medical) associated with Measles, Mumps and Rubella Vaccine (GSK)

08 Apr 2025

·www.fiercepharma.com

RFK Jr. promotes measles vaccine as Texas outbreak continues

Both Merck and GSK make measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccines in the U.S., crucial offerings as a measles outbreak in Texas continues. Following a second measles-related death in Texas, Robert F. Kennedy Jr., head of the federal Department of Health and Human Services, endorsed the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine in a lengthy social media post—seemingly reversing some of his previous comments about vaccines and the outbreak.“The most effective way to prevent the spread of measles is the MMR vaccine,” RFK Jr. wrote on the social media website X on April 6. Both children who died during the recent measles outbreak were unvaccinated, according to Texas officials.The current outbreak is centralized in Texas, with 499 of the 642 confirmed U.S. measles cases coming from the state as of April 6, according to RFK Jr. In March, the health secretary deployed a CDC team to "bolster local and state capacity" for responding across multiple regions in Texas, supply pharmacies with MMR vaccines, and support schools and facilities with contact investigations and community outreach. CDC teams are now back in Texas at the governor's request. Measles vaccine makers are also on the case.Merck, which brought the first MMR vaccine to the U.S. in the 1970s with its M-M-R II, is “committed to providing help to support the current outbreak response efforts,” a Merck spokesperson said in a statement to Fierce Pharma. The company is focused on ensuring the availability of its vaccine for “those who need it most,” and it is “closely monitoring the situation” including outbreak trends and the potential demand for its MMR vaccine.“Based upon current known demand, there is an adequate supply of Merck’s M-M-R II vaccine to support appropriate vaccination of eligible patients,” the company representative said. “Adherence to recommended pediatric vaccination schedules and regular health visits is critical to protecting public health and mitigating outbreaks of these preventable diseases."Since the MMR vaccines were introduced, measles cases have substantially declined in the U.S. The latest outbreak has already resulted in more cases than the total reported in all of 2024, when 285 measles cases were documented. The measles spread hit a high in 2019 with 1,274 cases reported, but quickly quelled in 2020 with just 13, according to the CDC.For context, measles in the U.S. peaked at over 27,000 reported cases in 1990 before the widespread implementation of MMR vaccine. Two doses of the MMR vaccine are proven to be 97% effective against measles. Still, measles vaccination rates for young children are steadily decreasing, according to a recent report by Truveta Research. RFK Jr. has previously held a questionable stance on the MMR vaccine, telling Fox News’ Sean Hannity in early March that the measles vaccine “wanes” for some people and that the measles infection itself offers “lifetime immunity.” He further noted that the MMR vaccine “causes deaths every year” and “all the illnesses that measles itself causes,” CNN reported from the Fox interview.According to the CDC, serious risks of MMR vaccination are rare. There is a “very remote chance” of the vaccine causing a severe allergic reaction, serious injury or death, the CDC points out.Along with promoting the MMR vaccine, RFK Jr. has touted alternative regimens that include aerosolized budesonite and clarithromycin. Hours after writing his recent X post, the health secretary also pointed to two “extraordinary healers” in a separate post who have “treated and health some 300 measles-stricken Mennonite children” using the alternative treatment. There is currently no FDA-approved treatment or cure for measles, but vitamin A has been recommended for treating severe cases.Merck’s family of measles vaccines includes a ProQuad shot, which lumps chicken pox (varicella) protection into an MMR vaccine (MMRV). The company’s MMRV vaccine franchise brought in $2.5 billion in 2024, reflecting sales slightly up from 2023.GSK also markets Priorix, another MMR vaccine. The drugmaker brought its offering to the U.S. in 2022 after introducing it years ago in Europe, adding a key option to the country’s MMR arsenal. Priorix and M-M-R II are both recommended by the CDC’s vaccine committee for routine vaccination.

VaccineClinical Study

24 Jan 2025

·www.drugs.com

COVID Vaccine Hesitancy Reducing Childhood Vaccinations

FRIDAY, Jan. 24, 2025 -- Hesitancy over the COVID-19 vaccine is leading some parents to skip important vaccinations for their children. Young children of parents who declined the COVID vaccine are about 25% less likely to get the standard measles/mumps/rubella (MMR) vaccine, researchers reported in a new study published recently in the American Journal of Public Health . Public health officials are worried that a decline in vaccine coverage will cause an increase in highly contagious childhood diseases like measles . Last year, 16 measles outbreaks were reported, compared with four outbreaks reported in 2023, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). “In the United States, we are experiencing a concerning resurgence of childhood vaccine-preventable diseases,” researcher Dr. Ben Rader , a computational epidemiologist with Boston Children’s Hospital, said in a news release. “Our research suggests that COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy has fueled increasing MMR vaccine hesitancy, leaving children more vulnerable to highly contagious and life-threatening illnesses like measles,” he added. For the study, researchers analyzed responses from nearly 20,000 parents of children younger than 5 to a digital health survey conducted from July 2023 to April 2024. Children of parents who got at least one COVID jab had higher MMR vaccination rates -- nearly 81%, compared to just under 61% for children of unvaccinated parents, researchers found. Politics also played a role in childhood vaccinations. Republican parents were 27% less likely to have their kids get the MMR vaccine than Democratic parents. “Our research highlights the link between parental characteristics and MMR vaccine uptake, showing how pandemic-related hesitancy may affect other routine vaccines,” lead researcher Eric Zhou , a pediatrics instructor at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City, said in a news release. Overall, MMR vaccination rates were higher in the Midwest and Northeast than in the South or West. Parents on Medicare or Medicaid were about 15% less likely to have their kids get the MMR jab than parents with private insurance, results show. “Addressing these disparities, through equitable access and fostering trust and transparency in vaccine safety, is key to protecting children from preventable diseases like measles,” Zhou concluded. Whatever your topic of interest, subscribe to our newsletters to get the best of Drugs.com in your inbox.

Vaccine

02 Dec 2024

·endpts.com

Scott Gottlieb says he’s against RFK Jr. for HHS: ‘It will cost lives in this country’

Former FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb opposed President-elect Donald Trump’s choice to lead the Department of Health and Human Services, saying Robert F. Kennedy Jr.’s policies would lead to a resurgence of preventable diseases and cost lives. Gottlieb led the FDA in the first Trump administration. In comments on CNBC Friday, he called Kennedy (widely known as RFK Jr.) a “committed” anti-vaccine advocate who, if confirmed by the Senate, could easily take steps to decrease the use of vaccines in the US. “I have deep concerns about Kennedy’s stated intentions to roll back core public health protections, particularly as it relates to childhood vaccines,” Gottlieb said. “I think if RFK follows through on his intentions, and I believe he will and I believe he can, it will cost lives in this country.” He said he had raised his objections with Republican senators who will vote on the selection of Kennedy, who Trump announced last month . Trump’s pick of Kennedy has been followed by a series of announcements that would put skeptics of longstanding US healthcare and public health policy in positions of power. Along with Kennedy, that includes Trump’s choice to lead the National Institutes of Health (Stanford researcher and Covid policy skeptic Jay Bhattacharya) and the CDC (former congressman Dave Weldon). While in Congress, Weldon pushed for significant changes to vaccine policy that have been sought by vaccine skeptics. Kennedy has questioned the use of childhood vaccines for years, attempting to link them to the rise of autism and raising other questions about their safety. While his remarks on his exact plans have shifted over time, at their core is the idea that he wants to push away from a policy of vaccine requirements — meant to create widespread immunity and protect those who can’t be vaccinated or who have immune issues — and create a policy of individual choice. “I’m not going to take away anybody’s vaccines,” Kennedy said in a television interview last month. “People can make individual assessments about whether that product is good for them.” The Trump transition team didn’t immediately respond to a request for comment. Gottlieb in particular warned about a resurgence of measles, a highly infectious disease that can be deadly in young children. Vaccination rates of the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine have fallen in some parts of the country, and been followed by occasional outbreaks. Nationally, kindergarten vaccination rates are around 92% with two doses of MMR vaccine, according to a CDC study published this year . But in some states, they are far lower. In Idaho, only about 80% of children have received the vaccine. In Wisconsin, the rate is 85%. Those rates are below the 95% target the CDC says is a benchmark for creating population-level immunity to the disease. “If we lose another 5%, we’re going to see a situation where we see distributed outbreaks,” Gottlieb said. “What I worry about is that we’re at a tipping point where we’re going to see epidemics of diseases that have long been vanquished.”

Vaccine

100 Deals associated with Measles, Mumps and Rubella Vaccine (GSK)

Login to view more data

External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
-	-	J07BX	-

R&D Status

Approved

10 top approved records.

Login

to view more data

Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Mumps	United States	GlaxoSmithKline LLC	03 Jun 2022
Measles	China	GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA	11 Jan 2010
Parotitis	China	GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA	11 Jan 2010
Rubella	China	GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA	11 Jan 2010

Developing

10 top R&D records.

Login

to view more data

Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Haemophilus Infections	Phase 3	Australia	GSK Plc	01 Jun 2006
Meningitis	Phase 3	Australia	GSK Plc	01 Jun 2006
Chickenpox	Phase 3	Austria	GSK Plc	01 Jul 2004
Chickenpox	Phase 3	Germany	GSK Plc	01 Jul 2004
Hepatitis A	Phase 2	United States	GSK Plc	03 Jun 2009
Hepatitis A	Phase 2	Puerto Rico	GSK Plc	03 Jun 2009

Login to view more data

Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

View All Results

Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


NCT00226499 (CTgov)	Phase 3	Rubella \| Mumps \| Measles ... View more	5,803	Priorix-tetra™ (MMRV Group)	dcwqbwhqto = yshdypflvf pjvapzzjro (yrzztlomkr, tehvktuemv - djrtclmdsn) View more	-	23 Sep 2019
				Varilrix™+Priorix™ (OKAH Group)	dcwqbwhqto = kruccbslng pjvapzzjro (yrzztlomkr, aektmpoxas - gxerscpjrj) View more
NCT01681992 (CTgov)	Phase 3	Rubella \| Mumps \| Measles	4,538	Priorix+Varivax+Havrix+Prevnar 13 (Inv_MMR_Min Group)	rvximbzlia = pypaoydhof tatwutsriw (bhfylocsus, zrpbsjfawn - ozztpvevyk) View more	-	17 Aug 2018
				Priorix+Varivax+Havrix+Prevnar 13 (Inv_MMR_Med Group)	rvximbzlia = vuucllibwb tatwutsriw (bhfylocsus, aqmyaiapdi - vajzsnqlgh) View more
NCT02184572 (CTgov)	Phase 3	Rubella \| Mumps \| Measles	1,742	Priorix+Varivax+Havrix+Prevnar 13 (INV_MMR)	nvatxqeetf = oqnaymosqb ztevmnynte (tlxgxwvwwj, qafdpjmxjx - edllvhteke)	-	03 Jul 2018
				Varivax+Havrix+Prevnar 13+M-M-R II (COM_MMR)	nvatxqeetf = nfpvuncgkq ztevmnynte (tlxgxwvwwj, bmcwcfonvj - chysuaonuz)
NCT02058563 (Pubmed \| Hum Vaccin Immunother)	Phase 3	Rubella \| Mumps \| Measles	869	MMR-RIT vaccine	mqeemtivet(elasazaopx) = wtkzsdwbmq jbyxqtemhc (qdbiechetz ) View more	Positive	01 Jan 2018
NCT00969436 (CTgov)	Phase 3	Rubella \| Mumps \| Measles ... View more	450	GSK Biological's investigational MMRV vaccine 208136 (Priorix-Tetra Group)	pdzqyggpby = aadabeiuxa osdowidczm (gkxpxlojik, hxcjuwisio - ydvqisuxlx) View more	-	25 Sep 2017
				GSK Biological's investigational MMRV vaccine 208136+Priorix™ (Priorix/ Priorix-Tetra Group)	pdzqyggpby = qntkrtvalg osdowidczm (gkxpxlojik, fioaqzuabh - dgzwswblke) View more
NCT01621802 (CTgov)	Phase 3	Rubella \| Mumps \| Measles	4,011	ProQuad+Kinrix+M-M-R II (Com_MMR_CO Group)	cojvvnrnmc = wnppyhempg hyngbcrhjm (bxvlngeztj, ytwjkedrkd - vrlahojwzs) View more	-	13 Sep 2017
				Priorix (Inv_MMR_I Group)	cojvvnrnmc = najxgzwpwe hyngbcrhjm (bxvlngeztj, drnsyaiiki - cbbpopaima) View more
NCT02058563 (CTgov)	Phase 3	Rubella \| Mumps \| Measles	996	Priorix® (INV_MMR Group)	udcaccucah(evqdtgdasg) = khhsbngemr hiunrexvoc (gyelusmqaq, rvitejpits - eayuipjwdi) View more	-	10 Apr 2017
				Merck's M-M-R®II, Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Virus Vaccine (COM_MMR Group)	udcaccucah(evqdtgdasg) = hyjigenjqj hiunrexvoc (gyelusmqaq, hoqpxulnli - anbovpvepd) View more
NCT00381615 (CTgov)	Phase 2	-	147	rMenB+DTaP-Hib-IPV+MenC-CRM+MMR+MenC-Hib+PC7 (rMenB)	ssacipgfwn = nihjoucxke qcdyvakrkl (eqoxmovfsi, jimhjdlqic - lllcshvcez) View more	-	09 Oct 2015
				DTaP-Hib-IPV+rMenB+OMV+MenC-CRM+MMR+MenC-Hib+PC7 (rMenB+OMV)	ssacipgfwn = gipgfvqrxa qcdyvakrkl (eqoxmovfsi, huacakxntc - tfrmqahlfs) View more
NCT00861744 (CTgov)	Phase 2	Hepatitis A \| Rubella \| Mumps ... View more	1,259	Prevnar®+GSK Biological's investigational vaccine 209762+Varivax®+Havrix® (Priorix 1 Group)	vovncxacfz = kcnbiqlfrn hhxgsstufs (mznorljlhn, wezcgnyggp - tupuebbaym) View more	-	04 Nov 2011
				Prevnar®+GSK Biological's investigational vaccine 209762+Varivax®+Havrix® (Priorix 2 Group)	vovncxacfz = wuwdjcdpuy hhxgsstufs (mznorljlhn, aspoaxpfnp - qwplvbkclt) View more
NCT00326118 (CTgov)	Phase 3	Meningitis \| Haemophilus Infections	433	Priorix™+Haemophilus influenzae type b and meningococcal serogroup C (vaccine) (Menitorix Group)	wyllytvwfo = hfkuywcaji irtgosfqva (qjfrbplexl, vzfmfdhnft - qbltahjzub) View more	-	23 Oct 2009
				Hiberix™+Priorix™+Meningitec™ (Meningitec + Hiberix Group)	wyllytvwfo = niosedyvjt irtgosfqva (qjfrbplexl, zncczndeft - djrvksymzz) View more