SummaryHydrochlorothiazide, a small molecule drug, targets the NCC co-transporter as an inhibitor, exhibiting an assortment of therapeutic effects. The drug, first approved on February 12th, 1959, and originally developed by Novartis, is primarily used to treat edema, hypertension, and kidney calculi, and may be used to manage diabetes insipidus. Hydrochlorothiazide operates by obstructing the reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney, producing augmented excretion of water and electrolytes. This, in turn, reduces edema and lowers blood pressure. However, while the drug can be beneficial, it can also be associated with a range of side effects, including electrolyte imbalances and low blood pressure, and should be used with caution in patients with severe kidney disease. It is of utmost importance to only use Hydrochlorothiazide under the guidance of a healthcare provider, and patients should be carefully monitored for any adverse effects. In summary, Hydrochlorothiazide presents a diverse array of benefits for managing numerous conditions, yet the appropriateness of its use should be carefully tailored to each individual patient. |
Drug Type Small molecule drug |
Synonyms HCTZ, Hydrochlorothiazide (JP17/USP/INN), 氢氯噻嗪微片 + [8] |
Target |
Mechanism NCC inhibitors(Thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride cotransporter inhibitors) |
Therapeutic Areas |
Active Indication |
Inactive Indication |
Originator Organization |
Inactive Organization |
Drug Highest PhaseApproved |
First Approval Date US (12 Feb 1959), |
Regulation- |
Molecular FormulaC7H8ClN3O4S2 |
InChIKeyJZUFKLXOESDKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
CAS Registry58-93-5 |
KEGG | Wiki | ATC | Drug Bank |
---|---|---|---|
D00340 | Hydrochlorothiazide |
Indication | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
---|---|---|---|
Diabetes Insipidus | CN | 01 Jan 1981 | |
Edema | CN | 01 Jan 1981 | |
Nephrolithiasis | CN | 01 Jan 1981 | |
Hypertension | US | 12 Feb 1959 |
Indication | Highest Phase | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
---|---|---|---|---|
Essential Hypertension | Phase 3 | JP | 01 Mar 2006 |
Phase 3 | 416 | Placebo oral capsule (Placebo) | dgazyhiqjb(ajfsvtmjob) = yuezkrliiv cxzyqkxsax (btmdywaqnl, iarfygklhf - axjoyodyil) View more | - | 01 Feb 2024 | ||
(12.5 mg Hydrochlorothiazide) | dgazyhiqjb(ajfsvtmjob) = ptllveboub cxzyqkxsax (btmdywaqnl, wbcjchvkas - veuzvwcjxh) View more | ||||||
Not Applicable | - | Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) | ogqzrtynlq(wmofpudalb): IRR = 1.14 (95% CI, 1.06 - 1.24) | - | 26 Aug 2023 | ||
Non-HCT diuretics | |||||||
Phase 4 | 70 | ACE Inhibitors (Hctz/Lisinopril) | diagwhbmfy(iikhzvhzcs) = drafmaxcxz awzxuondld (jdzjfbgvui, rxrcqvxksm - aoizhbnzgj) View more | - | 14 Aug 2023 | ||
(Extended Release Nifedipine) | diagwhbmfy(iikhzvhzcs) = hsbtdfsruz awzxuondld (jdzjfbgvui, uuhjpsuqht - tnlteggkal) View more | ||||||
Not Applicable | 161 | Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg | jtyvzfxgus(jckfiguwkf): RR = 1.78 (95% CI, 1.12 - 1.92), P-Value = 0.023 | - | 20 May 2023 | ||
Loop diuretics | |||||||
Phase 4 | 49 | (NICHE Method) | somxgmcawm(qdbskdatmr) = njpucbefak xgvdyknulm (nzvqrsrlba, dobkoleoxt - aeudfqqarz) View more | - | 09 Sep 2022 | ||
Usual care (Usual Care) | somxgmcawm(qdbskdatmr) = oshbsrumbv xgvdyknulm (nzvqrsrlba, ykwzxgjkes - unbjebtftp) View more | ||||||
Not Applicable | - | 30 | HCTZ 25 mg | lyjrhemvvk(sbqbanjypb) = sezowarexj ufzottrtkj (stfgbflgnx ) | - | 28 Aug 2022 | |
Placebo | lyjrhemvvk(sbqbanjypb) = cooosxhvbs ufzottrtkj (stfgbflgnx ) | ||||||
Not Applicable | - | jeqvdgyisg(dznrpxvewt) = zbgkxxygve pcmxzodykl (rhksgwxpyj ) View more | - | 01 Jun 2022 | |||
Phase 3 | 564 | wghhbzbzvo(aejwafxzkk) = hwahctylgt yjgvrjwyoc (iuniiofcoa, fxtyirsoow - nznpoafcrz) View more | - | 07 Jun 2021 | |||
Phase 4 | 41 | Placebo (Placebo) | fegcbnlnhr(jcxicwvjse) = fwcbzolxuh wrqyacdzpa (jbcdwepnuy, kgznjnquxf - culqdarkxa) View more | - | 04 Dec 2020 | ||
(Guanfacine) | fegcbnlnhr(jcxicwvjse) = wdkjblksle wrqyacdzpa (jbcdwepnuy, krsfblsczo - gmaorghbgk) View more | ||||||
Phase 4 | 41 | Placebo (Placebo) | ijxmgbazfi(mfvgcfvsmy) = ckqlwhagco efetmbmvca (njcadxcrrh, lxpnulykhh - zpwnshmgir) View more | - | 19 Oct 2020 | ||
(Nebivolol) | ijxmgbazfi(mfvgcfvsmy) = gglxgdmklk efetmbmvca (njcadxcrrh, xksdpzxviy - wbuairwbku) View more |