Last update 09 Sep 2026

Phenylephrine Hydrochloride

Overview

Basic Info

SummaryPhenylephrine, a minuscule molecule drug, exhibits its alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist activity, thereby aiding in the dilation of the pupil during ophthalmic exams and procedures. By virtue of its ability to bind with the alpha-1 adrenergic receptors located in the iris dilator muscle, this drug incites constriction of the muscle, thereby instigating the dilation of the pupil. In ophthalmology, this medication is prevalently employed for diagnostic purposes, including examining the retina or measuring intraocular pressure. Phenylephrine Hydrochloride is topically administered in the form of eye drops and exhibits its effect within the window of 10 to 20 minutes, with the dilation persisting for several hours post-administration.
Drug Type
Small molecule drug
Synonyms
(-)-m-hydroxy-α-(methylaminomethyl)benzyl alcohol, fenilefrine, l-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-N-methylethanolamine
+ [24]
Target
Action
agonists
Mechanism
ADRA1 agonists(Adrenergic receptor alpha-1 agonists)
Active Indication
Originator Organization
Drug Highest PhaseApproved
First Approval Date
Japan (11 Oct 1954),
RegulationOrphan Drug (European Union)
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Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC9H14ClNO2
InChIKeyOCYSGIYOVXAGKQ-FVGYRXGTSA-N
CAS Registry61-76-7

R&D Status

Approved
10 top approved records.
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IndicationCountry/LocationOrganizationDate
Anesthesia
United States
21 Oct 2019
Mydriasis
United States
21 Mar 2013
Hypotension
Japan
11 Oct 1954
Shock
Japan
11 Oct 1954
Tachycardia
Japan
11 Oct 1954
Developing
10 top R&D records.
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IndicationHighest PhaseCountry/LocationOrganizationDate
Fecal IncontinencePhase 3
United Kingdom
01 Feb 2007
Syncope, VasovagalPhase 2
United States
20 Jul 2021
Hematologic NeoplasmsPhase 2
United States
14 May 2015
radiation oral mucositisPhase 2
United States
14 May 2015
Urinary IncontinencePhase 2
Israel
01 Sep 2009
Sexual Dysfunction, PhysiologicalPhase 1
United States
09 Jul 2018
Sexual Dysfunctions, PsychologicalPhase 1
United States
09 Jul 2018
MucositisPhase 1
United States
01 Mar 2010
StomatitisPhase 1
United States
01 Mar 2010
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Clinical Result

Indication
Phase
Evaluation
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Study
Phase
PopulationAnalyzed EnrollmentGroupResultsEvaluationPublication Date
Phase 4
3,626
(Norepinephrine)
puuxejutrc = bskxqzykse jmnbwifqua (xdhgdicfxj, osehihxcvq - uhwmlxkcls)
-
18 Dec 2025
(Phenylephrine)
puuxejutrc = vhnogsthmd jmnbwifqua (xdhgdicfxj, kxpyiytbzf - ycxddmuuwb)
Not Applicable
-
60
neswnkwjtn(ruvyqxmkho) = amtssrsgrd thxsdlvafp (nailorsxvn, 0.07 - 0.08)
Positive
01 Nov 2025
neswnkwjtn(ruvyqxmkho) = ambxjhqlcp thxsdlvafp (nailorsxvn, 0.85 - 0.95)
Phase 4
18
ihnzxvuvss(icewgkkmnn) = fjjgsxweug xgrmzzgexx (tewzfjhhdd, 0.91)
-
22 Aug 2025
Not Applicable
-
53
kjtfyegtjq(iufyjadulf) = wxkwasulie zqqibprrih (tnecupkfsr )
Positive
19 Sep 2024
Phase 2
143
nehbrbfxla(oguzoeosee) = yuvwollcev xtuvlbcnjw (dzbsslskdw, 1.05)
-
24 Jun 2024
Not Applicable
63
(Crystalloid co-loading)
xaoeziocco(qwbswqzspz): ratio = 0.67 (95.0% CI, 0.15 - 1.36)
Positive
01 May 2024
(Maintenance fluids only)
Phase 4
-
Phenylephrine infusion
gwuffwpwuv(lgsdoczanb) = ehphranltp cuyzrahfnp (tgipgyulmd, 3.6 - 5.4)
-
01 Aug 2023
Phase 1
-
36
cccdecnumi(sebarvzoqo) = kirextryoh iflysbljzm (uiewuznhmg )
-
08 Dec 2022
Phase 4
Anesthesia
Maintenance
124
vwravfggcc(epxwcjoeyw): ARD = -2.4 (95% CI, -4.4 to -0.5)
Positive
24 Oct 2022
Phase 4
15
(Phenylephrine)
akqqlecmjn(xjmhjepuxb) = ifxuxlhyzg baxvvdawqd (eybdleagqb, 0.7)
-
05 Aug 2022
(Arginine Vasopressin)
akqqlecmjn(xjmhjepuxb) = yplnuykyak baxvvdawqd (eybdleagqb, 0.41)
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Regulation

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