The purpose of this study is to determine whether newly diagnosed high-grade glioma(s) that cannot be removed surgically change as a result of the study treatment; and to identify and evaluate the potential side effects (good and bad) of the study treatment in patients with newly diagnosed high-grade glioma(s) that cannot be removed surgically.

Start Date01 Jul 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator

University of Miami

[+1]

NCT06710990

/ Not yet recruitingPhase 1

A Multicenter, Open-label, Fixed-sequence Study to Evaluate Drug-drug Interaction of Ritonavir and Itraconazole on the Pharmacokinetics of SHR-A1811 in Subjects With HER2-expressing Advanced Breast Cancer

The study is being conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and safety of SHR-A1811 monotherapy and in combination with Ritonavir or Itraconazole in subjects with HER2-expressing advanced breast cancer.

Start Date01 Dec 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator

Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.

CTR20242799

/ CompletedNot Applicable

达芦那韦片在健康受试者中的单中心，随机、开放、单次给药、两序列、两周期、双交叉、空腹及餐后状态下的生物等效性研究

[Translation] A single-center, randomized, open-label, single-dose, two-sequence, two-period, double-crossover, fasting and fed bioequivalence study of darunavir tablets in healthy subjects

主要研究目的：以江苏艾迪药业股份有限公司生产的达芦那韦片为受试制剂，以Janssen-Cilag International NV持证的达芦那韦片（商品名：Prezista®，600 mg）为参比制剂，通过单中心、随机、开放、单次给药、两序列、两周期、双交叉临床研究来评价两种制剂在空腹及餐后条件下的人体生物等效性。次要研究目的：观察受试制剂和参比制剂在中国健康受试者中的安全性。

[Translation]

The main purpose of the study is to use Darunavir Tablets produced by Jiangsu Aidi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. as the test preparation and Darunavir Tablets (trade name: Prezista®, 600 mg) licensed by Janssen-Cilag International NV as the reference preparation. The bioequivalence of the two preparations under fasting and postprandial conditions is evaluated through a single-center, randomized, open, single-dose, two-sequence, two-period, double-crossover clinical study. Secondary purpose of the study: To observe the safety of the test preparation and the reference preparation in healthy Chinese subjects.

Start Date14 Sep 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator

Jiangsu Aidea Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

100 Clinical Results associated with Ritonavir

100 Translational Medicine associated with Ritonavir

100 Patents (Medical) associated with Ritonavir

13,957

Literatures (Medical) associated with Ritonavir

31 Dec 2025·ANNALS OF MEDICINE

Early combination of sotrovimab with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir or remdesivir is associated with low rate of persisting SARS CoV-2 infection in immunocompromised outpatients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19: a prospective single-centre study

Article

Author: Cuccurullo, F. ; Buonomo, A. R. ; Scotto, R. ; D’Agostino, A. ; Palmieri, S. ; Viceconte, G. ; Silvitelli, M. ; Grimaldi, F. ; Moccia, M. ; Mercinelli, S. ; Gentile, I. ; Pietroluongo, D. ; Gravetti, A. ; Trastulli, F.

BACKGROUND:

Immunocompromised patients are at high risk of developing persisting/prolonged COVID-19. Data on the early combined use of antivirals and monoclonal antibodies in this population are scarce.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:

We performed an observational, prospective study, enrolling immunocompromised outpatients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19, treated with a combination of sotrovimab plus one antiviral (remdesivir or nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) within 7 days from symptom onset. Primary outcome was hospitalization within 30 days. Secondary outcomes were: needing for oxygen therapy; development of persistent infection; death within 60 days and reinfection or relapse within 90 days.

RESULTS:

We enrolled 52 patients. No patient was hospitalized within 30 days of disease onset, required oxygen administration, died within 60 days, or experienced a reinfection or clinical relapse within 90 days.The clearance rates were 67% and 97% on the 14th day after the end of therapy and at the end of the follow-up period, respectively.Factors associated with longer infection were initiation of therapy 3 days after symptom onset and enrollment for more than 180 days from the beginning of the study. However, only the latter factor was independently associated with a longer SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting a loss of efficacy of this strategy with the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants.

CONCLUSIONS:

Early administration of combination therapy with a direct antiviral and sotrovimab seems to be effective in preventing hospitalization, progression to severe COVID-19, and development of prolonged/persisting SARS-CoV-2 infection in immunocompromised patients.

31 Dec 2025·JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ECONOMICS

Cost-effectiveness of outpatient COVID-19 antiviral treatment with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir versus usual care in Swedish patients with various risk factors

Article

Author: Gerdesköld Rappe, Christian ; Aldvén, Martina ; Mugwagwa, Tendai ; Nilsson, Fredrik

AIMS:

Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (NMV/r) is an orally administered antiviral indicated for the outpatient treatment of adult patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 at high risk for disease progression to severe illness. We estimated the cost-effectiveness of NMV/r versus best supportive care for 54 patient cohorts, specified according to age, vaccination status and comorbidity burden.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A previously published and validated cost-effectiveness model was utilized and adapted to the Swedish setting. The model used a short-term decision-tree (1 year) followed by a lifetime 2-state Markov model. The short-term decision-tree captured costs and outcomes associated with the primary infection. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome was only considered in terms of quality-of-life decrements for one year. Baseline hospitalization and mortality risks were taken from a Swedish, nationwide, uniquely granular, Omicron-era, real-world study. NMV/r effectiveness were taken from an Omicron-era US real-world study. Remaining inputs were informed by previous COVID-19 studies and publicly available Swedish sources.

RESULTS:

The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) showed a large variation ranging from almost nine million SEK for some of the youngest cohorts to being dominant (i.e. cost-saving with higher gains in quality-of-life vs standard of care) for twelve elderly cohorts. In general, higher age in combination with non-recent (>180 days) or no vaccination led to lower ICERs. Specifically, NMV/r was cost-effective for all but one patient cohorts at least 70 years old, and for most patient cohorts 60-69 years old.

LIMITATIONS:

As the COVID-19 landscape changes, symptom burden and baseline risks constantly change. Thus, the cost-effectiveness of NMV/r will change with time. However, the future risks could be related to the risks in the current study, and thus remain useful for decision makers.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study shows that NMV/r is a cost-effective or even cost-saving treatment option for many patient cohorts, including most elderly and not-recently vaccinated patients with at least some comorbidity burden.

01 May 2025·EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

Prediction of surfactant-mediated dissolution of poorly soluble drugs from drug powder

Article

Author: Polli, James E ; Nordquist, Erik B ; Patel, Roshni P

Beyond rough "what if" estimation, in vitro dissolution is infrequently predicted. The objective was to assess the predictability of a powder dissolution model with a single diffusion layer thickness model, where dissolution of various drugs was facilitated by several surfactant micelles. Powder dissolution of three poorly water soluble drugs (i.e., posaconazole, ritonavir, and griseofulvin) was measured into buffer, as well as four surfactant solutions [i.e., sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), polysorbate 80 (PS80), polyoxyethylene (10) lauryl ether (POE10), and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)]. Drug solubility, micelle sizing, and powder sizing were also performed. Prediction of drug dissolution employed the film dissolution model, applied to spherical drug particle fractions of the percent weight particle size distribution, and with a surfactant-mediated dissolution component. There were two competing models for diffusion layer thickness: fixed thickness (i.e., h_fixed) and radius-dependent thickness (i.e., h_max) models. SLS, PS80, POE10, and CTAB increased the dissolution of posaconazole, ritonavir, and griseofulvin, compared to no-surfactant buffer. Results show that in vitro drug dissolution from various polydisperse powders into several surfactant solutions was successfully predicted using a surfactant-mediated dissolution model. The best diffusion layer thickness for the fixed thickness model and the radius-dependent model were separately found to be h_fixed = 12 µm and h_max = 12 µm, respectively, with h_fixed = 12 µm being the more preferred. Also, the powder dissolution model where powder was parameterized in terms of its entire particle size distribution was successful in predicting observed dissolution profiles using each h_fixed = 12 µm and h_max = 12 µm; model use of a mean particle size was also successful in prediction using h_fixed = 12 µm. Credibility assessment of the in vitro dissolution model was performed, including model verification and validation considerations in light of the question of interest, the context of use, and model risk.

429

News (Medical) associated with Ritonavir

12 Mar 2025

·www.merck.com

Merck Announces Positive Data from Phase 3 Trials that Show the Investigational, Once-Daily, Oral, Two-Drug Regimen of Doravirine/Islatravir (DOR/ISL) Maintained HIV-1 Viral Suppression at Week 48

March 12, 2025 11:26 am ET DOR/ISL demonstrated non-inferiority and a similar safety profile to comparator antiretroviral therapies in adults with virologically suppressed HIV-1 RAHWAY, N.J.--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Merck (NYSE: MRK), known as MSD outside of the United States and Canada, today announced the presentation of positive results from two pivotal Phase 3 trials of the investigational, once-daily, oral, two-drug regimen of doravirine/islatravir [DOR/ISL (100mg/0.25mg)] in adults with HIV-1 infection that is virologically suppressed on bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamidei [BIC/FTC/TAF (50mg/200mg/25mg)] in trial MK-8591A-052 ) or antiretroviral therapy [baseline antiretroviral therapy (bART)] in trial MK-8591A-051. In both trials, DOR/ISL met the primary efficacy success criterion for non-inferiority to comparator antiretroviral therapies and primary safety objectives at Week 48. The findings will be shared in late-breaking oral presentations at the 32nd Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) being held in San Francisco and were featured in a CROI press conference. Merck plans to begin submitting applications for marketing authorization to regulatory agencies by mid-2025. In the double-blind trial MK-8591A-052 (Abstract #204A), results for the primary endpoint (HIV-1 RNA ≥50 copies/mL) showed that 1.5% of participants who switched to DOR/ISL had a viral load of ≥50 copies/mL at Week 48, compared to 0.6% on BIC/FTC/TAF (treatment difference 0.9%, 95% CI -1.9, 2.9). At Week 48, 91.5% of participants who switched to DOR/ISL maintained viral suppression (HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL) compared to 94.2% of participants who continued receiving BIC/FTC/TAF (treatment difference -2.6%, 95% CI -7.1, 2.6; secondary endpoint). In the open-label trial MK-8591A-051 (Abstract #204B), results for the primary endpoint (HIV-1 RNA ≥50 copies/mL) showed that 1.4% of participants who received DOR/ISL had a viral load of ≥50 copies/mL at Week 48, compared to 4.9% on bART (treatment difference -3.6%, 95% CI -7.8, -0.8. At Week 48, 95.6% of participants who switched to DOR/ISL maintained viral suppression (HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL) compared to 91.9% of participants who continued on bART (treatment difference 3.7%, 95% CI -0.3, 8.9; secondary endpoint). Across both trials, the safety profile of DOR/ISL was generally comparable to the comparator antiretroviral regimens, including BIC/FTC/TAF in MK-8591A-052. At Week 48, the mean percent change in total lymphocyte and CD4 counts were similar for DOR/ISL and comparator regimens. No treatment-emergent resistance to DOR or ISL was observed in either trial. “Despite the availability of multiple daily antiretroviral therapies, the needs of people living with HIV are evolving. Many people living with HIV are older and also managing comorbidities, making it important to have daily treatment options that can help meet each person’s unique health needs,” said Professor Chloe Orkin, Dean for Healthcare Transformation, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. “I’m excited to see that DOR/ISL has potential as a new daily treatment option for people living with HIV who may benefit from this two-drug regimen.” Islatravir, Merck’s investigational nucleoside reverse transcriptase translocation inhibitor (NRTTI), blocks HIV-1 replication by multiple mechanisms including inhibition of reverse transcriptase translocation resulting in immediate chain termination and delayed chain termination from structural changes induced in the viral DNA. “We are excited that DOR/ISL is the first two-drug regimen without an integrase inhibitor to demonstrate comparable efficacy and safety to the three-drug InSTI-based regimen, BIC/FTC/TAF, in a Phase 3 pivotal trial,” said Dr. Eliav Barr, senior vice president, head of global clinical development and chief medical officer, Merck Research Laboratories. “Merck has been a research pioneer in HIV for decades. These data and our work on the longer-acting islatravir-based therapies in our pipeline show our continued commitment to help find new options that address the evolving needs of people living with HIV.” About the Phase 3 data from MK-8591A-052 MK-8591A-052 is a Phase 3, double-blind randomized, active-controlled, clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a switch to investigational, oral, once-daily DOR/ISL (100mg/0.25mg) in adults with HIV-1 infection that has been virologically suppressed on BIC/FTC/TAF (50mg/200mg/25mg). The primary efficacy endpoint was the percentage of participants with HIV-1 RNA ≥50 copies/mL at Week 48 (non-inferiority margin 4%). In this trial, 513 adults with HIV-1 who had virologic suppression for three months or more on BIC/FTC/TAF, no history of treatment failure and no known resistance to DOR were randomized (2:1) and switched to DOR/ISL (n= 342) or continued treatment with BIC/FTC/TAF (n=171). The median age of participants was 47 years; 21.4% were assigned female sex at birth, 30.8% were Black or African American, and 22.8% were Hispanic or Latine. The median duration of BIC/FTC/TAF treatment prior to trial enrollment was 3.4 years (IQR 2.0-5.0). Results for the primary efficacy endpoint showed that five participants (1.5%) treated with DOR/ISL and one participant (0.6%) in the BIC/FTC/TAF group had a viral load of ≥50 copies/mL at Week 48, demonstrating non-inferiority of DOR/ISL to BIC/FTC/TAF (treatment difference 0.9%, 95% CI -1.9, 2.9). The superiority criteria were not met. Results for a secondary endpoint, the proportion of individuals with HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL at Week 48, showed that participants who switched to treatment with DOR/ISL or continued BIC/FTC/TAF maintained comparable rates of viral suppression at Week 48 (91.5% on DOR/ISL vs. 94.2% on BIC/FTC/TAF (treatment difference -2.6%, 95% CI -7.1, 2.6). No treatment-emergent resistance to DOR or ISL was observed. At Week 48, the mean percent change in total lymphocyte and CD4 counts were similar for DOR/ISL and BIC/FTC/TAF. There were identical rates of discontinuation for protocol-specified decreases in total lymphocyte and/or CD4 counts (two participants (0.6%) in the DOR/ISL group and one participant (0.6%) in the BIC/FTC/TAF group). Drug-related adverse events (AEs) and discontinuations due to drug-related AEs were similar between groups (n=35, 10.2% for DOR/ISL and n=16, 9.4% for BIC/FTC/TAF; n=4, 1.2% for DOR/ISL and n=2, 1.2% for BIC/FTC/TAF, respectively). Rates of toxicity grade 3 or 4 AEs and serious AEs were similar for DOR/ISL and BIC/FTC/TAF (n=25, 7.3% for DOR/ISL and n=13, 7.6% for BIC/FTC/TAF; n=15, 4.4% for DOR/ISL and n=11, 6.4% for BIC/FTC/TAF, respectively). Mean change in weight from baseline to Week 48 was minimal (-0.03 kg for DOR/ISL versus 0.28 kg for BIC/FTC/TAF; difference -0.30 kg, 95% CI -1.13, 0.53). The most common AEs (>6% in either study arm) were arthralgia, COVID-19, nasopharyngitis, and fatigue. One participant on DOR/ISL discontinued due to a drug-related serious AE (immune thrombocytopenia). There were two cases of low-level hepatitis B (HBV) viremia (HBV DNA <50 IU/mL) with no antigenemia or elevated transaminases in the DOR/ISL group and no cases in the BIC/FTC/TAF group; there were no cases of clinical HBV reactivation. About the Phase 3 data from MK-8591A-051 MK-8591A-051 is a Phase 3, open-label randomized, active-controlled, clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of a switch to investigational, oral, once-daily DOR/ISL (100mg/0.25mg) in adults with HIV-1 infection that has been virologically suppressed using ART. The primary efficacy endpoint was percentage of participants with HIV-1 RNA ≥50 copies/mL at Week 48 (non-inferiority margin 4%). In this trial, 551 adults with HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL for three months or more on oral 2- or 3-drug ART, with no history of treatment failure and no known virologic resistance to DOR were randomized 2:1 and switched to DOR/ISL (n=366) or continued baseline antiretroviral therapy (bART) (n=185), stratified by bART regimen. The median age of participants was 51 years; 39.7% were assigned female sex at birth, 45.4% Black or African American and 14.5% Hispanic or Latine. At baseline, 64.2% were treated with an InSTI-based regimen, 30.3% with an NNRTI-based regimen, and 5.4% with a protease inhibitor (PI)-based regimen, with median duration on current ART of 3.8 years (IQR 2.0-6.3). Results for the primary efficacy endpoint showed that five participants (1.4%) in the DOR/ISL group and nine participants (4.9%) in the bART group had a viral load of ≥50 copies/mL at Week 48, demonstrating non-inferiority of DOR/ISL to bART (treatment difference -3.6%, 95% CI -7.8, -0.8). Results for a secondary endpoint, the proportion of individuals with HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL at Week 48, showed that participants who switched to treatment with DOR/ISL or continued bART maintained comparable rates of viral suppression at Week 48 (95.6% on DOR/ISL vs. 91.9% on bART; treatment difference 3.7%, 95% CI -0.3, 8.9). No treatment-emergent resistance to DOR or ISL was observed. Two participants discontinued DOR/ISL early after virologic failure at Week 4 with multiple resistance-associated mutations that were also present in baseline proviral DNA. These two participants were later found to be not eligible for the trial due to history of prior virologic failure and exclusionary DOR resistance. At Week 48, the mean percent change in total lymphocyte and CD4 counts were similar for DOR/ISL and bART. No participants discontinued treatment due to decrease in total lymphocyte and/or CD4 counts. In this open-label study, drug-related AEs were more commonly reported with DOR/ISL (n=44; 12.0%) than bART (n=9; 4.9%). Rates of toxicity grade 3 or 4 AEs and serious AEs were similar for DOR/ISL and bART (n=39, 10.7% for DOR/ISL and n=18, 9.7% for bART and n=23, 6.3% for DOR/ISL and n=9, 4.9% for bART, respectively). There were no drug-related serious AEs and there were no discontinuations due to serious AEs in the DOR/ISL group; there was one drug-related serious AE and two discontinuations due to serious AEs in the bART group. The most common drug-related AEs were diarrhea (DOR/ISL 3.3%, bART 0%), fatigue (1.9%, 0.5%), dizziness (1.9%, 0.5%), abdominal distention (1.6%, 0%), weight increased (1.6%, 0%), and headache (1.6%, 1.1%). Change in lipid parameters from baseline were similar between treatment groups for all bART strata. Mean change in weight from baseline to Week 48 was 0.94 kg for DOR/ISL and -0.18 kg for bART (difference -1.13 kg, 95% CI 0.31, 1.94). For baseline regimens without EFV or TDF, the difference in weight between DOR/ISL and bART was 0.82 kg (95% CI -0.22, 1.87). There was one case of low-level HBV viremia with no antigenemia or elevated transaminases in the DOR/ISL group and no cases in the bART group; there were no cases of clinical HBV reactivation. Indications and usage for PIFELTRO® (doravirine) and DELSTRIGO® (doravirine, lamivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) in the U.S. PIFELTRO is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral (ARV) agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adult patients with no prior ARV treatment history or to replace the current ARV regimen in those who are virologically suppressed (HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies per mL) on a stable ARV regimen with no history of treatment failure and no known substitutions associated with resistance to doravirine. DELSTRIGO is indicated as a complete regimen for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adult patients with no prior ARV treatment history or to replace the current ARV regimen in those who are virologically suppressed (HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies per mL) on a stable ARV regimen with no history of treatment failure and no known substitutions associated with resistance to the individual components of DELSTRIGO. Selected Safety Information Warning: Posttreatment Acute Exacerbation of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) for DELSTRIGO All patients with HIV-1 should be tested for the presence of HBV before initiating ARV therapy. Severe acute exacerbations of HBV have been reported in people with concomitant HIV-1 and HBV who have discontinued products containing lamivudine or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), which are components of DELSTRIGO. Patients coinfected with HIV-1 and HBV who discontinue DELSTRIGO should be monitored with both clinical and laboratory follow-up for at least several months after stopping DELSTRIGO. If appropriate, initiation of anti-HBV therapy may be warranted. Contraindications PIFELTRO and DELSTRIGO are contraindicated when coadministered with drugs that are strong cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A enzyme inducers (including the anticonvulsants carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, phenobarbital, and phenytoin; the androgen receptor inhibitor enzalutamide; the antimycobacterials rifampin and rifapentine; the cytotoxic agent mitotane; and the herbal product St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum)), as significant decreases in doravirine plasma concentrations may occur, which may decrease the effectiveness of DELSTRIGO and PIFELTRO. DELSTRIGO is contraindicated in patients with a previous hypersensitivity reaction to lamivudine. Warnings and Precautions Severe Skin Reactions Severe skin reactions, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), have been reported during the postmarketing experience with doravirine-containing regimens. Discontinue PIFELTRO or DELSTRIGO, and other medications known to be associated with severe skin reactions, immediately if a painful rash with mucosal involvement or a progressive severe rash develops. Clinical status should be closely monitored, and appropriate therapy should be initiated. New or Worsening Renal Impairment Renal impairment, including cases of acute renal failure and Fanconi syndrome, have been reported with the use of TDF. DELSTRIGO should be avoided with concurrent or recent use of a nephrotoxic agent (eg, high-dose or multiple NSAIDs). Cases of acute renal failure after initiation of high-dose or multiple NSAIDs have been reported in people living with HIV with risk factors for renal dysfunction who appeared stable on TDF. Prior to or when initiating DELSTRIGO, and during treatment, assess serum creatinine, estimated creatinine clearance, urine glucose, and urine protein in all patients. In patients with chronic kidney disease, also assess serum phosphorus. Discontinue DELSTRIGO in patients who develop clinically significant decreases in renal function or evidence of Fanconi syndrome. Discontinue DELSTRIGO if estimated creatinine clearance declines below 50 mL/min. Bone Loss and Mineralization Defects In clinical trials in adults living with HIV, TDF was associated with slightly greater decreases in bone mineral density (BMD) and increases in biochemical markers of bone metabolism. Serum parathyroid hormone levels and 1,25 Vitamin D levels were also higher. Cases of osteomalacia associated with proximal renal tubulopathy have been reported with the use of TDF. The effects of TDF-associated changes in BMD and biochemical markers on long-term bone health and future fracture risk in adults are unknown. Immune Reconstitution Syndrome Immune reconstitution syndrome can occur, including the occurrence of autoimmune disorders with variable time to onset, which may necessitate further evaluation and treatment. Drug Interactions Because DELSTRIGO is a complete regimen, coadministration with other antiretroviral medications for the treatment of HIV-1 infection is not recommended. Coadministration of PIFELTRO with efavirenz, etravirine, or nevirapine is not recommended. If DELSTRIGO is coadministered with rifabutin, take one tablet of DELSTRIGO once daily, followed by one tablet of doravirine (PIFELTRO) approximately 12 hours after the dose of DELSTRIGO. If PIFELTRO is coadministered with rifabutin, increase PIFELTRO dosage to one tablet twice daily (approximately 12 hours apart). Consult the full Prescribing Information prior to and during treatment for more information on potential drug-drug interactions. Dosage and Administration/Specific Populations Renal Impairment Because DELSTRIGO is a fixed-dose combination tablet and the dosage of lamivudine and TDF cannot be adjusted, DELSTRIGO is not recommended in patients with estimated creatinine clearance less than 50 mL/min. Adverse Reactions The most common adverse reactions with DELSTRIGO (incidence ≥5%, all intensities) were dizziness (7%), nausea (5%), and abnormal dreams (5%). The most common adverse reactions with PIFELTRO (incidence ≥5%, all intensities) were nausea (7%), dizziness (7%), headache (6%), fatigue (6%), diarrhea (6%), abdominal pain (5%), and abnormal dreams (5%). By week 96 in DRIVE-FORWARD, 2% of adult participants in the PIFELTRO group and 3% in the darunavir+ritonavir (DRV+r) group had adverse events leading to discontinuation of study medication. By week 96 in DRIVE-AHEAD, 3% of adult participants in the DELSTRIGO group and 7% in the efavirenz (EFV)/emtricitabine (FTC)/TDF group had adverse events leading to discontinuation of study medication. In DRIVE-FORWARD, mean changes from baseline at week 48 in LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and non-HDL-cholesterol (non-HDL-C) were pre-specified. LDL-C: -4.6 mg/dL in the PIFELTRO group vs 9.5 mg/dL in the DRV+r group. Non-HDL-C: -5.4 mg/dL in the PIFELTRO group vs 13.7 mg/dL in the DRV+r group. The clinical benefits of these findings have not been demonstrated. In DRIVE-AHEAD, mean changes from baseline at week 48 in LDL-C and non-HDL-C were pre-specified. LDL-C: -2.1 mg/dL in the DELSTRIGO group vs 8.3 mg/dL in the EFV/FTC/TDF group. Non-HDL-C: -4.1 mg/dL in the DELSTRIGO group vs 12.7 mg/dL in the EFV/FTC/TDF group. The clinical benefits of these findings have not been demonstrated. In DRIVE-SHIFT, mean changes from baseline at week 24 in LDL-C and non-HDL-C were pre-specified. LDL-C: -16.3 mg/dL in the DELSTRIGO group vs -2.6 mg/dL in the PI + ritonavir group. Non-HDL-C: -24.8 mg/dL in the DELSTRIGO group vs -2.1 mg/dL in the PI + ritonavir group. The clinical benefits of these findings have not been demonstrated. In DRIVE-AHEAD, neuropsychiatric adverse events were reported in the three pre-specified categories of sleep disorders and disturbances, dizziness, and altered sensorium. Twelve percent of adult participants in the DELSTRIGO group and 26% in the EFV/FTC/TDF group reported neuropsychiatric adverse events of sleep disorders and disturbances; 9% in the DELSTRIGO group and 37% in the EFV/FTC/TDF group reported dizziness; and 4% in the DELSTRIGO group and 8% in the EFV/FTC/TDF group reported altered sensorium. The safety of DELSTRIGO in virologically-suppressed adults was based on week 48 data from participants in the DRIVE-SHIFT trial. Overall, the safety profile in virologically-suppressed adult participants was similar to that in participants with no ARV treatment history. Serum ALT and AST Elevations: In the DRIVE-SHIFT trial, 22% and 16% of participants in the immediate switch group experienced ALT and AST elevations greater than 1.25 X ULN, respectively, through 48 weeks on DELSTRIGO. For these ALT and AST elevations, no apparent patterns with regard to time to onset relative to switch were observed. One percent of participants had ALT or AST elevations greater than 5 X ULN through 48 weeks on DELSTRIGO. The ALT and AST elevations were generally asymptomatic, and not associated with bilirubin elevations. In comparison, 4% and 4% of participants in the delayed switch group experienced ALT and AST elevations of greater than 1.25 X ULN through 24 weeks on their baseline regimen. Pregnancy/Breastfeeding There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in individuals exposed to PIFELTRO or DELSTRIGO during pregnancy. Healthcare providers are encouraged to register patients by calling the Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry (APR) at 1-800-258-4263. Inform individuals with HIV-1 infection of the potential risks of breastfeeding, including: (1) HIV-1 transmission (in HIV-1–negative infants), (2) developing viral resistance (in HIV-1–positive infants), and (3) serious adverse reactions in a breastfed infant similar to those seen in adults. About Islatravir (MK-8591) and Merck’s HIV Research Islatravir (MK-8591) is Merck’s investigational nucleoside reverse transcriptase translocation inhibitor (NRTTI) under evaluation in multiple ongoing early and late-stage clinical trials in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV-1. Trials with islatravir are designed to offer different dosing options as potential daily and once-weekly treatments. In addition to the MK-8591A-051 and MK-8591A-052 trials, ongoing Phase 3 trials of daily DOR/ISL (100mg /0.25mg) include MK-8591A-053 in people with HIV who had not previously received treatment (treatment-naïve), and MK-8591A-054 evaluating open-label DOR/ISL (100 mg/0.25 mg) in individuals who participated in earlier Phase 3 trials of DOR/ISL (100 mg/0.75 mg). For an overview of Merck’s HIV treatment and prevention clinical development program, please click here. Merck’s Commitment to HIV For more than 35 years, Merck has been committed to scientific research and discovery in HIV leading to scientific breakthroughs that have helped change HIV treatment. Our work has been pioneering in the development of new options across multiple drug classes to help those impacted by HIV. Today, we are developing a series of antiviral options designed to help people manage HIV and protect people from HIV, with the goal of reducing the growing burden of infection worldwide. We want to ensure people are not defined by HIV and our work focuses on transformational innovations, collaborations with others in the global HIV community, and access initiatives aimed at the goal of helping to end the HIV epidemic for everyone. About Merck At Merck, known as MSD outside of the United States and Canada, we are unified around our purpose: We use the power of leading-edge science to save and improve lives around the world. For more than 130 years, we have brought hope to humanity through the development of important medicines and vaccines. We aspire to be the premier research-intensive biopharmaceutical company in the world – and today, we are at the forefront of research to deliver innovative health solutions that advance the prevention and treatment of diseases in people and animals. We foster a diverse and inclusive global workforce and operate responsibly every day to enable a safe, sustainable and healthy future for all people and communities. For more information, visit www.merck.com and connect with us on X (formerly Twitter), Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and LinkedIn. Forward-Looking Statement of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, N.J., USA This news release of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, N.J., USA (the “company”) includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are based upon the current beliefs and expectations of the company’s management and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. There can be no guarantees with respect to pipeline candidates that the candidates will receive the necessary regulatory approvals or that they will prove to be commercially successful. If underlying assumptions prove inaccurate or risks or uncertainties materialize, actual results may differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. Risks and uncertainties include but are not limited to, general industry conditions and competition; general economic factors, including interest rate and currency exchange rate fluctuations; the impact of pharmaceutical industry regulation and health care legislation in the United States and internationally; global trends toward health care cost containment; technological advances, new products and patents attained by competitors; challenges inherent in new product development, including obtaining regulatory approval; the company’s ability to accurately predict future market conditions; manufacturing difficulties or delays; financial instability of international economies and sovereign risk; dependence on the effectiveness of the company’s patents and other protections for innovative products; and the exposure to litigation, including patent litigation, and/or regulatory actions. The company undertakes no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Additional factors that could cause results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements can be found in the company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 and the company’s other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) available at the SEC’s Internet site (www.sec.gov). Please see Prescribing Information for PIFELTRO (doravirine) at: https://www-merck-com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/product/usa/pi_circulars/p/pifeltro/pifeltro_pi.pdf and Patient Information for PIFELTRO at: https://www-merck-com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/product/usa/pi_circulars/p/pifeltro/pifeltro_ppi.pdf Please see Prescribing Information for DELSTRIGO (doravirine, lamivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) at: https://www-merck-com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/product/usa/pi_circulars/d/delstrigo/delstrigo_pi.pdf and Patient Information for DELSTRIGO at: https://www-merck-com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/product/usa/pi_circulars/d/delstrigo/delstrigo_ppi.pdf i bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIKTARVY) is a registered trademark of Gilead Sciences, Inc. Media Contacts: Julie Cunningham (617) 519-6264 Deb Wambold (215) 779-2234 Investor Contacts: Peter Dannenbaum (732) 594-1579 Ayn Wisler (732) 594-0482

Clinical ResultPhase 3Drug Approval

06 Mar 2025

·www.drugs.com

Paxlovid May Offer Little Benefit for Vaccinated Older Adults

THURSDAY, March 6, 2025 -- The antiviral drug Paxlovid may not offer much protection against COVID-related hospitalizations or deaths for vaccinated older adults after all. Research published recently in JAMA Network Open looked at data from more than 1.6 million adults ages 65 to 74 in Ontario, Canada, during 2022. Most participants (nearly 88%) had received at least two doses of the COVID vaccine, and only certain high-risk groups or adults 70 and older were eligible for Paxlovid at the time. The study found that Paxlovid did not significantly reduce the risk of hospitalization or death from COVID in this mostly vaccinated population. “We were surprised and disappointed,” lead study author John Mafi , an associate professor of medicine at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, told The Washington Post . “We concluded that it’s because it’s a highly vaccinated group with 88 percent fully vaccinated,” he added. The findings could help older adults weigh the benefits and costs of taking Paxlovid. “The cost is part of the calculus because it’s $1,650 per treatment course,” Mafi said. “I think that needs to be part of the conversation.” A spokesperson for Pfizer, which makes Paxlovid, said the company stands by its effectiveness for patients at high risk for severe illness. What's more, Paxlovid may still be helpful for certain high-risk groups, Mafi said. “If you’re immunosuppressed, if you have cancer , chemotherapy , if you are frail, if you’re living in a nursing home, if you have end-stage kidney disease, if you’re an organ transplant recipient, those are very high-risk conditions,” he told The Post . “I would be more cautious in those groups.” Paxlovid, a combination of nirmatrelvir and ritonavir, has been shown to reduce hospitalizations and deaths in unvaccinated, high-risk adults. But prior research found it didn’t significantly shorten COVID symptoms in vaccinated adults. At best, the drug lowered hospitalization risk by 1.3 percentage points in this new study. “If you are vaccinated without additional risk factors, I wouldn’t prescribe Paxlovid, and I probably wouldn’t take it if I was a patient,” study co-author Dr. Peter Wu , associate professor of medicine at the University of Toronto, told The Post . Whatever your topic of interest, subscribe to our newsletters to get the best of Drugs.com in your inbox.

VaccineClinical ResultmRNA

04 Mar 2025

·www.prnewswire.com

Cumberland Pharmaceuticals Reports 11.6% Fourth Quarter 2024 Revenue Growth

2024 highlights include expanded product labeling, key FDA designations and new study publications Recent developments include Phase 2 DMD Study Breakthrough Results and Vibativ China approval NASHVILLE, Tenn., March 4, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- Cumberland Pharmaceuticals Inc. (NASDAQ: CPIX), a specialty pharmaceutical company, announced today that its product portfolio of FDA-approved brands delivered combined net revenues of $10.4 million during the fourth quarter of 2024, an 11.6% increase over the prior year period. Net revenues for the full year 2024 were $38 million. Cumberland ended the year with $76 million in total assets – including $18 million in cash, $53 million in liabilities and $23 million of shareholders' equity. "2024 was a transformative year for our Company, marked by expanded product labeling, key FDA designations and significant new study publications that underscore our commitment to improving patient care," said Cumberland Pharmaceuticals CEO A.J. Kazimi. "As we move into 2025, we remain focused on driving growth, delivering value to our stakeholders and advancing our mission." Cumberland started 2025 with several significant developments, including: Cumberland recently announced positive top-line results following completion of its Phase II study evaluating ifetroban in patients with cardiomyopathy associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. This marks a breakthrough for these patients, as it is the first successful Phase II study specifically targeting the cardiac complications of their condition. The Company learned that its potent antibiotic, Vibativ ®, received approval by the regulatory authorities in China – the world's second largest pharmaceutical market. This milestone adds to Cumberland's growing international business, as it also began shipping Vibativ to Saudi Arabia and completed the needed product training to launch the product there. HIGHLIGHTS FOR 2024 INCLUDE: FDA Granted Orphan Drug Designations for Ifetroban Cumberland's ifetroban product candidate received FDA Orphan Drug and Rare Pediatric Disease designations for the treatment of cardiomyopathy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a devastating genetic disorder affecting young boys. These designations recognize the urgent need for effective treatments and also provide vital support to accelerate research and development. They represent hope for families and a pathway to bring transformative medicines to a vulnerable patient population more quickly and efficiently. If approved, ifetroban would be the first therapy specifically indicated for DMD-related heart disease. New Study Compared Caldolor® to Ketorolac Cumberland announced the publication of new real-world outcomes research demonstrating the safety and health care resource advantages of Caldolor over its main competitor, ketorolac, in both adult and pediatric populations. The study, published in Frontiers of Pain Research, provides compelling evidence that Caldolor is associated with a significantly reduced incidence of adverse drug reactions and improved health care utilizations when compared to ketorolac. Caldolor Special Report Cumberland shared a Caldolor Special Report, which was published in Anesthesiology News, General Surgery News and Pharmacy Practice News and presented the growing amount of data supporting the use of Caldolor as a standard of care for the treatment of pain and fever. The results demonstrated that the product is a safe and effective treatment for pain and fever in adults, children and infants. FDA Approved New, Simplified Dosing Regimen for Acetadote® Cumberland announced the FDA approval of a supplemental New Drug Application for Acetadote, Cumberland's IV treatment for preventing or lessening liver injury after ingestion of potentially toxic quantities of acetaminophen. The new, streamlined approach reduces the frequency of medication errors and potentially serious non-allergic anaphylactoid reactions without compromising the effectiveness of Acetadote. By simplifying the dosing regimen, health care providers can administer the life-saving treatment more efficiently, potentially improving patient outcomes. 2024 Sustainability Metrics Cumberland updated its annual sustainability metrics, detailing the Company's activities pertaining to its environmental, social and governance matters. Cumberland reported its key findings for 2024, including providing 3.9 million doses of its FDA-approved products to patients and safely disposing of nearly 12,480 pounds of damaged and expired products. Additionally, Cumberland had no products recalled and no clinical trials terminated due to failure to practice good clinical standards in 2024. Clinical Development Programs Throughout 2024, Cumberland made significant progress in advancing the Phase II clinical trials evaluating its ifetroban product candidate. The Company closed its study in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, approached the conclusion of enrollment in its systemic sclerosis study and significantly progressed its study in patients suffering from pulmonary fibrosis. These programs are designed to address unmet medical needs in large potential markets. FINANCIAL RESULTS: Net Revenue: For 2024, net revenues were $38 million and included $15.3 million for Kristalose®, $9 million for Sancuso® $7.2 million for Vibativ® and $5 million for Caldolor®. Operating Expenses: Total operating expenses for 2024 were $44 million. Net Income (Loss): The net loss for the fourth quarter of 2024 was approximately $1.9 million and the year ended December 31, 2024, was approximately $6.4 million. Adjusted Earnings (Loss): Adjusted loss for the year ended December 31, 2024, was $1.0 million. The adjusted earnings calculation does not include the benefit of the $1.3 million of Vibativ and Sancuso cost of goods, which were received as part of each product's acquisition. Balance Sheet: At December 31, 2024, Cumberland had $76 million in total assets, including $18 million in cash and cash equivalents. Liabilities totaled $53 million, including $15 million on the company's credit facility. Total shareholders' equity was $23 million at December 31, 2024. EARNINGS REPORT CALL: Cumberland will report its 2024 financial results via a conference call today, March 4, 2025, at 4:30 p.m. Eastern Time. To participate in the call, please register at . Registered participants can dial in from their phone using a dial-in and PIN number that will be provided to them. Alternatively, they can choose a "Call Me" option to have the system automatically call them at the start of the conference. A replay of the call will be available for one year and can be accessed via Cumberland's website or by visiting: . ABOUT CUMBERLAND PHARMACEUTICALS: Cumberland Pharmaceuticals Inc. is the largest biopharmaceutical company founded and headquartered in Tennessee and is focused on providing unique products that improve the quality of patient care. The company develops, acquires, and commercializes products for the hospital acute care, gastroenterology and oncology market segments. The company's portfolio of FDA-approved brands includes: Acetadote® (acetylcysteine) injection, for the treatment of acetaminophen poisoning; Caldolor® (ibuprofen) injection, for the treatment of pain and fever; Kristalose® (lactulose) oral, a prescription laxative, for the treatment of constipation; Sancuso® (granisetron) transdermal, for the prevention of nausea and vomiting in patients receiving certain types of chemotherapy treatment; Vaprisol® (conivaptan) injection, to raise serum sodium levels in hospitalized patients with euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia; and Vibativ® (telavancin) injection, for the treatment of certain serious bacterial infections including hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia, as well as complicated skin and skin structure infections. The Company also has a series of Phase II clinical programs underway evaluating its ifetroban product candidate in patients with cardiomyopathy associated with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Systemic Sclerosis and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. For more information on Cumberland's approved products, including full prescribing information, please visit links to the individual product websites, which can be found on the company's website at . About Acetadote® (acetylcysteine) Injection Acetadote, administered intravenously within 8 to 10 hours after ingestion of a potentially hepatotoxic quantity of acetaminophen, is indicated to prevent or lessen hepatic injury. Used in the emergency department, Acetadote is approved in the United States to treat overdose of acetaminophen, a common ingredient in many over-the-counter medications. Acetadote is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity or previous anaphylactoid reactions to acetylcysteine or any components of the preparation. For full prescribing and safety information, visit . About Caldolor® (ibuprofen) Injection Caldolor is indicated in adults and pediatric patients for the management of mild to moderate pain and the management of moderate to severe pain as an adjunct to opioid analgesics, as well as the reduction of fever. It was the first FDA-approved intravenous therapy for fever. Caldolor is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to ibuprofen or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as well as patients with a history of asthma or other allergic type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs. Caldolor is contraindicated for use during the peri-operative period in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. For full prescribing and safety information, including boxed warning, visit . About Kristalose® (lactulose) Oral Solution Kristalose is indicated for the treatment of acute and chronic constipation. It is a unique, proprietary, crystalline form of lactulose, with no restrictions on length of therapy or patient age. Kristalose is contraindicated in patients who require a low-galactose diet. Elderly, debilitated patients who receive lactulose for more than six months should have serum electrolytes (potassium, chloride, carbon dioxide) measured periodically. For full prescribing and safety information, visit . About Sancuso® (granisetron) Transdermal System Sancuso is the only skin patch approved by the FDA for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients receiving moderately and/or highly emetogenic chemotherapy. When applied 24 to 48 hours before receiving chemotherapy, the Sancuso patch slowly and continuously releases the medicine contained in the adhesive through clean and intact skin areas into the patient's bloodstream. It can prevent CINV for chemotherapy regimens of up to five consecutive days. For full prescribing and safety information, visit . About Vaprisol® (conivaptan hydrochloride) Injection Vaprisol is an intravenous treatment for hyponatremia used in the critical care setting. Hyponatremia is an electrolyte disturbance in which sodium ion concentration in blood plasma is lower than normal. This can be associated with a variety of critical care conditions including congestive heart failure, liver failure, kidney failure and pneumonia. The product is a vasopressin receptor antagonist that raises serum sodium levels and promotes free water secretion. Vaprisol is contraindicated in patients with hypovolemic hyponatremia. The coadministration of Vaprisol with potent CYP3A inhibitors, such as ketoconazole, itraconazole, clarithromycin, ritonavir and indinavir, is contraindicated. For full prescribing and safety information, including boxed warning, visit . About Vibativ® (telavancin) for Injection Vibativ is a patented, FDA-approved injectable anti-infective for the treatment of certain serious bacterial infections including hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia and complicated skin and skin structure infections. It addresses a range of Gram-positive bacterial pathogens, including those that are considered difficult-to-treat and multidrug-resistant. Intravenous unfractionated heparin sodium is contraindicated with Vibativ administration due to artificially prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) test results for up to 18 hours after Vibativ administration. Vibativ is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to telavancin. For more information, please visit . ABOUT CUMBERLAND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES: Cumberland Emerging Technologies, Inc. () is a joint initiative between Cumberland Pharmaceuticals Inc., Vanderbilt University, LaunchTN and WinHealth. The mission of CET is to advance biomedical technologies and products conceived at Vanderbilt University and other regional research centers towards the marketplace. CET helps manage the development and commercialization process for select projects, and provides expertise on intellectual property, regulatory, manufacturing and marketing issues that are critical to successful new biomedical products. CET's Life Sciences Center provides laboratory space, equipment and infrastructure for CET's activities and other early-stage life sciences ventures. FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS: This press release contains forward-looking statements, which are subject to certain risks and reflect Cumberland's current views on future events based on what it believes are reasonable assumptions. No assurance can be given that these events will occur. Forward-looking statements include, among other things, statements regarding the Company's intent, belief or expectations, and can be identified by the use of terminology such as "may," "will," "expect," "believe," "intend," "plan," "estimate," "should," "seek," "anticipate," "look forward" and other comparable terms or the negative thereof. As with any business, all phases of Cumberland's operations are subject to factors outside of its control, and any one or combination of these factors could materially affect Cumberland's operation results. These factors include macroeconomic conditions, including rising interest rates and inflation, competition, an inability of manufacturers to produce Cumberland's products on a timely basis, failure of manufacturers to comply with regulations applicable to pharmaceutical manufacturers, natural disasters, public health epidemics, maintaining an effective sales and marketing infrastructure, and other events beyond the Company's control as more fully discussed in its most recent annual report on Form 10-K as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), as well as the Company's other filings with the SEC from time to time. There can be no assurance that results anticipated by the company will be realized or that they will have the expected effects. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. The Company does not undertake any obligation to publicly revise these statements to reflect events after the date hereof. The Company provided the above adjusted supplemental financial performance measures, which are considered "non-GAAP" financial measures under applicable SEC rules and regulations. These financial measures should be considered supplemental to, and not as a substitute for, financial information prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP"). The definition of these supplemental measures may differ from similarly titled measures used by others. Because these supplemental financial measures exclude the effect of items that will increase or decrease the Company's reported results of operations, management encourages investors to review the Company's consolidated financial statements and publicly filed reports in their entirety. A reconciliation of the supplemental financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures is included in the tables accompanying this release. Cumberland's management believes these supplemental financial performance measures are important as they are used by management, along with financial measures in accordance with GAAP, to evaluate the Company's operating performance. In addition, Cumberland believes that they will be used by certain investors to measure the Company's operating results. Management believes that presenting these supplemental measures provides useful information about the Company's underlying performance across reporting periods on a consistent basis by excluding items that Cumberland does not believe are indicative of its core business performance or reflect long-term strategic activities. Certain of these items are not settled through cash payments and include: depreciation, amortization, share-based compensation expense and income taxes. Cumberland utilizes its net operating loss carryforwards to pay minimal income taxes. In addition, the use of these financial measures provides greater transparency to investors of supplemental information used by management in its financial and operational decision-making, including the evaluation of the Company's operating performance. The Company defines these supplemental financial measures as follows: Adjusted Earnings: Net loss adjusted for the impact of income taxes, depreciation and amortization expense, share-based compensation, interest income and interest expense. The financial information presented for the year ended December 31, 2023, has been adjusted to be consistent with the current year presentation. (a) Represents the share-based compensation of Cumberland. Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share: Adjusted loss divided by diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding. SOURCE Cumberland Pharmaceuticals Inc. 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Drug ApprovalClinical ResultPhase 2Orphan DrugFinancial Statement

100 Deals associated with Ritonavir

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KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D00427	Ritonavir	J05AE03	DB00503

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Approved

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
HIV Infections	United States	AbbVie, Inc.	01 Mar 1996

Developing

10 top R&D records.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
COVID-19	NDA/BLA	France	Ascletis Pharma, Inc.	13 Feb 2022
COVID-19	NDA/BLA	Germany	Ascletis Pharma, Inc.	13 Feb 2022
COVID-19	NDA/BLA	Ireland	Ascletis Pharma, Inc.	13 Feb 2022
COVID-19	NDA/BLA	United Kingdom	Ascletis Pharma, Inc.	13 Feb 2022
Pseudohyperkalemia Cardiff	Phase 2	-	Ascletis Pharmaceuticals Co.,Ltd.	01 Jan 2016
Thrombasthenia	Phase 2	-	Ascletis Pharmaceuticals Co.,Ltd.	01 Jan 2016
Hepatitis C, Chronic	Phase 2	-	AbbVie, Inc.	01 Aug 2012
Chronic hepatitis C genotype 3	Phase 2	-	AbbVie, Inc.	01 Sep 2011
Chronic hepatitis C genotype 1	Phase 2	United States	AbbVie, Inc.	01 Oct 2010
AIDS-related Kaposi Sarcoma	Phase 2	Australia	Abbott Laboratories	31 Aug 2001

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Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


NCT05576662 (STOP-PASC, CTgov)	Phase 2	Post Acute COVID 19 Syndrome	168	Nirmatrelvir+Ritonavir (Nirmatrelvir Plus Ritonavir)	bxnlhdmevx = urugkhfzpl rdbxaxurgn (sbgdizzans, azshoysxym - vhfysglhib) View more	-	25 Sep 2024
				Placebo+Ritonavir (Placebo Plus Ritonavir)	bxnlhdmevx = fxagjvljjg rdbxaxurgn (sbgdizzans, iiqygsxiio - kpjmyzpoex) View more
NCT05011513 (EPIC-SR, Pubmed) Manual	Phase 2/3	COVID-19	1,288	Nirmatrelvir-riritonavir	ebuvtuerwr(bgmzvhqmzr) = ketpiihygk mucyntkwfy (qmtfcgumfq ) View more	Negative	04 Apr 2024
				Placebo	ebuvtuerwr(bgmzvhqmzr) = snbtnpjfei mucyntkwfy (qmtfcgumfq ) View more
EPICOVIDEHA (EHA2023)	Not Applicable	COVID-19	1,859	Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir	tngbzkfpsm(lqlwdpehdb): aOR = 3.624 (95% CI, 1.619 - 8.109) View more	-	08 Jun 2023
				No nirmatrelvir/ritonavir
NCT01281813 (TMC114IFD3001, CTgov)	Phase 3	HIV Infections	145	Rtv+DRV (Continued Treatment With DRV in Combination With Rtv:Children Less Than (<) 12 Years)	wgrqsptoyp = woahxqsvyq fpdguikmkk (rriswlayks, fsfhyfsupf - jyuhxmwubc) View more	-	31 Oct 2022
				Rtv+DRV (Continued Treatment With DRV in Combination With Rtv: Adolescents (12-17 Years))	wgrqsptoyp = pmnujljqzk fpdguikmkk (rriswlayks, futhcuurlv - cjofbviyfu) View more
ISTH2022	Not Applicable	COVID-19	464	Edoxaban	uhyzjiigjt(qjnfacymal) = alncjyxfbx ytfmfxkdti (qrtqssmgrj ) View more	-	09 Jul 2022
				LMWH	mwbeyywxue(gimaqrysjf) = kxlqkdwplz freezurejc (xofottvbyw )
NCT04960202 (EPIC-HR, Pubmed) Manual	Phase 3	COVID-19	2,246	Nirmatrelvir+Ritonavir	iwbksydvns(riknlpstqk) = pusgpurpzc gronijxjxz (yfdcghgfzw ) View more	Positive	16 Feb 2022
				Placebo	iwbksydvns(riknlpstqk) = tdihkhvhvu gronijxjxz (yfdcghgfzw ) View more
NCT00885495 (CTgov)	Phase 1/2	HIV Infections	17	Rosuvastatin (Rosuvastatin)	inusbpoyfr(kcyzglrigk) = nfeywfsawr ryqlvhmogw (gsmscfrtse, odvvofthpj - ddqaliiuyf) View more	-	19 Jan 2022
				Rosuvastatin+Ritonavir+Darunavir (Rosuvastatin-Darunavir-Ritonavir)	inusbpoyfr(kcyzglrigk) = xltaoipgte ryqlvhmogw (gsmscfrtse, nveddakqou - ptbarpxgyl) View more
NCT03600714 (CTgov)	Phase 2	Hepatitis D, Chronic	26	Lonafarnib+Peg-interferon lambda+Ritonavir	ckxkzpehni = lolumpclws krcuygmxjb (tqmcinkpbz, cejrxhowvz - wrumdoeubp) View more	-	01 Dec 2021
NCT01620944 (CTgov)	Phase 3	HIV Infections	3	RTVHS+Tenofovir+Atazanavir+FTC+TDF+ritonavir (Arm A)	jororwrhae(xxibiqqsqz) = ucnxzjefat dtlgbkhgol (oshroerzff, jicvrdeqyp - hhfamexgky) View more	-	06 Aug 2021
				RTVHS+ATV+ritonavir (Arm B)	jororwrhae(xxibiqqsqz) = fxmcgidtdv dtlgbkhgol (oshroerzff, dbigvgtddt - piufobkwwi) View more

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