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Last update 26 Aug 2026

Metronidazole

Last update 26 Aug 2026

Overview

R&D Status

Clinical Result

Translational Medicine

Overview

Basic Info

SummaryMetronidazole, a small molecule drug approved in 1960 by Pfizer Inc., inhibits DNA synthesis and is highly effective against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. Its versatility is demonstrated by its indication for a wide range of conditions, including skin ulcers, enteritis, Helicobacter pylori infection, rosacea, trichomonas vaginitis, and amebiasis. By disrupting DNA synthesis, metronidazole inhibits growth and multiplication of these microorganisms. It also shows potential as a substitute therapy for some antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. However, like all drugs, metronidazole has potential adverse effects such as nausea, regurgitation, and metallic taste in the mouth. Patients should carefully follow prescribed dosages and treatment durations to avoid antibiotic resistance and the risk of side effects.

Drug Type

Small molecule drug

Synonyms

1-(2-hydroxy-1-ethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole, 1-(β-ethylol)-2-methyl-5-nitro-3-azapyrrole

+ [94]

Target-

Action

inhibitors

Mechanism

DNA synthesis inhibitors

Therapeutic Areas

Infectious DiseasesNervous System DiseasesCardiovascular Diseases+ [7]

Active Indication

GiardiasisGingivitis, Necrotizing UlcerativeTooth Infection+ [26]

Inactive Indication

Complicated intra-abdominal infectionCrohn DiseaseHemorrhoids+ [5]

Originator Organization

Pfizer Inc.

Active Organization

Baxter Healthcare Corp.

Hospira, Inc.

Pfizer Inc.

+ [13]

Inactive Organization

B. Braun Medical, Inc.

S.L.A. Pharma AG

Braintree Laboratories, Inc.

+ [1]

License Organization

Alembic Pharmaceuticals Ltd.

Exeltis USA, Inc.

Appili Therapeutics, Inc.

+ [4]

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Date

France (01 Jan 1960),

Bacterial VaginosisEndocarditisPelvic Inflammatory Disease

RegulationOrphan Drug (United States)

Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC6H9N3O3

InChIKeyVAOCPAMSLUNLGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N

CAS Registry443-48-1

681

Clinical Trials associated with Metronidazole

NCT07566754

/ Not yet recruitingPhase 2IIT

MOTIF@FRESH: Modifying Organisms Transvaginally in Females @ FRESH

The MOTIF@ FRESH trial will assess the safety and efficacy of "vaginal microbiome transplantation" (VMT). Healthy females will be enrolled to donate vaginal fluid which will be processed and transplanted in females with a history of recurrent bacterial vaginosis (BV), treated with antibiotics.

Start Date01 Sep 2026

Sponsor / Collaborator

The Massachusetts General Hospital

[+2]

NCT07729293

/ Not yet recruitingNot ApplicableIIT

A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Pylori Duo as an Adjunctive Treatment and for the Prevention of Recurrence of Helicobacter Pylori Infection

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-center clinical trial will evaluate the efficacy and safety of Pylori Duo as an adjunctive treatment in adult patients with confirmed Helicobacter pylori infection. Approximately 140 participants will be randomized to receive standard quadruple therapy (omeprazole plus Pylera®) combined with either placebo or Pylori Duo for 10 days, followed by placebo or Pylori Duo for 3 months. The primary objective is to assess the effect of Pylori Duo on gastrointestinal adverse effects associated with standard eradication therapy. Secondary objectives include assessment of H. pylori eradication, recurrence at 3 and 12 months, gastrointestinal symptoms, quality of life, and safety.

Start Date31 Aug 2026

Sponsor / Collaborator-

ChiCTR2600130180

/ Not yet recruitingNot ApplicableIIT

Efficacy of a Minocycline-containing Quadruple Regimen for the Empiric Rescue Therapy of Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Prospective Single-Center Study

Start Date20 Aug 2026

Sponsor / Collaborator

302 Military Hospital of China

100 Clinical Results associated with Metronidazole

100 Translational Medicine associated with Metronidazole

100 Patents (Medical) associated with Metronidazole

22,776

Literatures (Medical) associated with Metronidazole

31 Dec 2026·European Clinical Respiratory Journal

Treatment management of patients with lung abscess: a retrospective cohort study

Article

Author: Noerregaard Gissel, Tina ; Sperling, Søren ; Naestholt Dahl, Victor ; Gjoerup, Pia Holland ; Kirkegaard Vaarst, Jakob ; Laursen, Christian Borbjerg ; Bendstrup, Elisabeth ; Fløe, Andreas

Background:

Lung abscesses (LAs) are severe respiratory infections characterised by necrosis of pulmonary tissue. Despite the need for long-term antibiotic treatment, evidence on optimal treatment is limited, and no international guidelines exist. We aimed to evaluate different treatment strategies for treating LAs.

Methods:

Patients hospitalised from 2016 to 2021 with LA were included in a retrospective multicentre cohort study. Descriptive statistics were presented for the current treatment strategies of LA regarding the choice and duration of antibiotic treatment, as well as the use of interventional treatments and associated treatment outcomes.

Results:

In 222 patients diagnosed with LA, 89.2% were treated with intravenous antibiotics for a median duration of 14 days, followed by oral antibiotics for a median of 26 days; 10.8% received oral antibiotics as first-line therapy. Duration of intravenous treatment, total length of antibiotic treatment, and occurrence of treatment failure did not differ across the four most used antibiotic regimens: Benzylpenicillin and metronidazole, piperacillin/tazobactam with or without metronidazole, cefuroxime and metronidazole, or clindamycin monotherapy. Duration of hospitalisation varied slightly between treatment groups, with a trend of the shortest length of stay for patients treated with clindamycin. Fifteen patients underwent interventional treatment. These patients were characterised by larger abscesses, longer duration of antibiotic treatment, and higher mortality.

Conclusions:

Within the limitations of a descriptive design, no significant differences in clinical outcomes of LA were observed across the four most common antibiotic regimens. The selection of regimens varied considerably between the four study sites. Randomised studies are urgently needed to guide the best treatment choice.

31 Dec 2026·Gut Microbes

Fusobacterium nucleatum plays a pathogenic role in a murine model of irritable bowel syndrome by modulating intestinal purine metabolism and promoting mast cell activation

Article

Author: Zhou, Yesheng ; Hou, Songyuan ; Zhu, Jiaqi ; Ye, Haozhen ; Zhu, Shengtao ; Ning, Tingting ; Wang, Chenxu ; Liu, Si ; Zhang, Nan ; Lu, Shaochong ; Yang, Xinyi

Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a globally prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder; however, mechanistic insights remain limited. We determined that the bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) played a pathogenic role in a murine model of IBS. Monocolonization of antibiotic-treated or germ-free mice with F. nucleatum induced IBS-like symptoms, including visceral hypersensitivity, increased fecal water content, and accelerated gastrointestinal transit, accompanied by mast cell activation. These effects were effectively prevented by treatment with the antibiotic metronidazole, as well as by the mast cell depleting agent imatinib or the mast cell stabilizer sodium cromoglicate. Mechanistically, F. nucleatum upregulated the expression of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), a key enzyme in the purine degradation pathway. The elevated PNP activity promoted purine degradation and uric acid production in IECs, which in turn directly activated mast cells. This F. nucleatum-driven mast cell activation mediated IBS-like symptoms in ABX treated mice but was abrogated by blocking uric acid synthesis. In summary, our findings highlight the crucial role of purine metabolism reprogramming and low-grade mucosal immune responses in F. nucleatum-mediated IBS-like symptoms in mice, providing promising therapeutic perspectives for targeting F. nucleatum-positive IBS patients.

31 Dec 2026·JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGICAL TREATMENT

From signal to strategy: a disproportionality analysis of dupilumab-associated rosacea in FAERS with a summary of reported clinical cases

Review

Author: Yang, Xuefan ; Ruan, Dandan ; Chen, Xiang ; Li, Sitong ; Lin, Jiacheng ; Qiu, Xinlan ; Li, Jiaqi ; Ju, Qiang ; Mo, Xiaohui

PURPOSE:

Emerging evidence suggests rosacea as a recognizable adverse event during dupilumab therapy. This study aimed to investigate the potential association between dupilumab and rosacea using pharmacovigilance data and to characterize the clinical features of dupilumab-associated rosacea (DAR) through a review of reported cases.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

We utilized the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database (2017-2024) to identify disproportionality signals using four methods: Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), Information Component (IC), and Empirical Bayesian Geometric Mean (EBGM). To contextualize these findings, we performed a focused narrative review of 8 publications comprising 10 DAR cases with extractable individual data.

RESULTS:

A significant disproportionality signal was identified across all four methods (ROR 3.873; PRR 3.872; IC 1.865 with IC025 1.653; EBGM 3.642), with reports predominantly in adults and females. In the case review, a consistent phenotype emerged: papulopustules on persistent centrofacial erythema with frequent burning; facial predominance with occasional extension to neck, scalp, or upper trunk; frequent Demodex detection by scraping, KOH, or in vivo imaging; and occasional granulomatous histology. Onset ranged from approximately 2 weeks to 21 months, including one post-discontinuation case. Most patients improved with rosacea-directed therapy (topical ivermectin or metronidazole; anti-inflammatory-dose doxycycline). However, dechallenge or rechallenge patterns and the need for dose-interval extension, temporary interruption, or switching biologic (e.g., lebrikizumab, upadacitinib) in a subset support a drug-related pattern at the reporting level.

CONCLUSIONS:

DAR represents a distinct clinical entity from dupilumab-associated head and neck dermatitis, which is eczematous and typically responds to antifungals or calcineurin inhibitors. While disproportionality signals indicate association rather than incidence or causality and are subject to reporting bias, clinicians should be aware of this potential adverse event to ensure appropriate management.

101

News (Medical) associated with Metronidazole

17 Aug 2026

·taxispharma.com

TAXIS Pharmaceuticals Receives NIH SBIR Grant to Advance Development of Novel Antibiotic Class for Clostridioides difficile Infections

MIAMI, FL — Aug. 17, 2026 — TAXIS Pharmaceuticals, a clinical-stage company at the forefront of developing investigational therapies to treat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections and combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR), announced today that it has received a Phase I Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), one of the institutes of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The grant is valued at approximately $562,037, with the potential for up to $3 million in additional Phase II funding upon successful achievement of program milestones. The grant will support the development of TAXIS Pharmaceuticals’ investigational 3-alkoxy benzamide class of narrow-spectrum FtsZ inhibitors designed to combat Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile), including toxigenic and hypervirulent strains associated with severe disease and high recurrence rates. The award represents the company’s third NIH SBIR grant in 27 months and will support continued advancement of its investigational FtsZ inhibitor program, which targets one of the most significant unmet needs in infectious disease. “This NIH award further validates our scientific approach and strengthens our efforts to develop innovative therapies for some of the most challenging bacterial infections facing patients today,” says Gregory G. Mario, MBA, President and CEO of TAXIS Pharmaceuticals. “Receiving our third NIH SBIR grant in just over two years reflects both the quality of our science and the urgent need for new therapeutic options to address antimicrobial resistance and serious infectious diseases.“ C. difficile infection (CDI) is responsible for an estimated 500,000 illnesses and 30,000 deaths in the United States each year.(1) Hypervirulent strains have contributed to increasingly severe disease, while recurrence remains a major concern for patients and healthcare providers. Current frontline therapies, including metronidazole, vancomycin, and fidaxomicin, are broad-spectrum antibiotics that can disrupt the gut microbiome, potentially creating conditions that allow C. difficile to re-establish and contribute to recurrent infection.(2) TAXIS Pharmaceuticals’ investigational FtsZ inhibitors are designed to selectively target toxigenic and hypervirulent C. difficile strains while preserving beneficial gut bacteria. FtsZ, an essential bacterial cell division protein not found in human cells, represents an attractive target for antibiotic development. The company’s proprietary 3-alkoxy benzamide scaffold has demonstrated potent activity against hypervirulent and drug-resistant C. difficile strains in preclinical studies. By preserving the integrity of the gut microbiome, TAXIS’ investigational approach aims to address one of the key challenges associated with CDI treatment: recurrence. The company believes this differentiated strategy may offer an important advancement over existing broad-spectrum therapies. “Our investigational FtsZ inhibitor program represents a novel approach to treating C. difficile infections by selectively targeting pathogenic strains while preserving the beneficial bacteria that support a healthy gut microbiome,” says Ajit Parhi, PhD, Chief Scientific Officer of TAXIS Pharmaceuticals and Principal Investigator on the project. “This NIH grant will allow us to advance critical preclinical development activities and further evaluate the potential of this program.“ In May of 2025, TAXIS received a $2.9 million NIH grant to advance development of its dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors (DHFRIs) for multidrug-resistant gonorrhea. In May of 2024, TAXIS received a $2.67 million NIH grant to support development of its investigational efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) designed to restore the effectiveness of existing antibiotics against resistant bacterial infections. Together with its FtsZ inhibitor platform, these programs reflect TAXIS’ broader mission to develop innovative solutions to address the escalating global burden of antimicrobial resistance. Research mentioned in this press release was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health Under Award Number 1R43AI197297-01. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the views of the National Institutes of Health. About TAXIS Pharmaceuticals TAXIS Pharmaceuticals is a clinical-stage company developing new classes of anti-resistance therapies to treat life-threatening, multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. Our investigational drug candidates—including efflux pump inhibitors, dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors, and FtsZ inhibitors—aim to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR). TAXIS’ investigational therapies currently target several different bacterial pathogens, many of which are on the World Health Organization Priority Pathogen List. Our mission is to reduce and potentially eliminate the threat of current and emergent antimicrobial resistant bacteria across a wide range of infectious diseases and save lives. To learn more, visit taxispharma.com. Forward-Looking Statements Investors and stakeholders should be aware that this press release contains forward-looking statements and information. Forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause our or our industry’s actual results, levels or activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from those anticipated by such statements. The use of words such as “may”, “might”, “will”, “should”, “could”, “expect”, “plan”, “anticipate”, “believe”, “estimate”, “project”, “intend”, “future”, “potential” or “continue”, and other similar expressions are intended to identify forward looking statements. For example, all statements we make regarding (i) the initiation, timing, cost, progress and results of our preclinical and clinical studies and our research and development programs, (ii) our ability to advance product candidates into, and successfully complete, clinical studies, (iii) the timing or likelihood of regulatory filings and approvals, (iv) our ability to develop, manufacture and commercialize our product candidates and to improve the manufacturing process, (v) the rate and degree of market acceptance of our product candidates, (vi) the size and growth potential of the markets for our product candidates and our ability to serve those markets, and (vii) our expectations regarding our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection for our product candidates, are forward looking. All forward-looking statements are based on current estimates, assumptions and expectations by our management that, although we believe to be reasonable, are inherently uncertain. All forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those that we expected. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it was made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. This press release is not, and nothing in it should be construed as, an offer, invitation or recommendation in respect of our securities, or an offer, invitation or recommendation to sell, or a solicitation of an offer to buy, any of our securities in any jurisdiction. Neither this press release nor anything in it shall form the basis of any contract or commitment. This press release is not intended to be relied upon as advice to investors or potential investors and does not take into account the investment objectives, financial situation or needs of any investor. References: 1. Feuerstadt P, Theriault N, Tillotson G. “The burden of CDI in the United States: a multifactorial challenge.” BMC Infect Dis. 2023 Mar 7;23(1):132. Accessed 8 June 2026. 2. Sehgal K, Khanna S. “Gut microbiome and Clostridioides difficile infection: a closer look at the microscopic interface.” Ther Adv Gastroenterol. 2021 Feb 23;14:1756284821994736. Accessed 8 June 2026. Media Contact Jennifer Ringler, TAXIS Pharmaceuticals, 1 973-647-5004, jringler@readhealthy.net, https://taxispharma.com/ TXA709, TAXIS’ lead product candidate, is a novel target – first-ever product to target FtsZ proteins. Oral anti-MRSA agent that completed a Phase I clinical trial with no serious adverse events. Ongoing research focuses on disrupting bacterial cell wall architecture to address drug resistance mechanisms. TXA709 is developed as an anti-resistance drug for combination therapy with obsolete antibiotics. Targets the FtsZ bacterial cell division protein, offering potential for future development against Gram-negative bacteria. Designated a Qualified Infectious Disease Product (QIDP) by the FDA in September 2016. Regulatory incentives include eligibility for Fast Track designation, priority review, and extended marketing exclusivity under the GAIN Act.

Fast TrackPhase 1Qualified Infectious Disease Product

14 Aug 2026

·investor.evofem.com

Evofem Reports Second Quarter 2026 Financial Results and Provides Business Update

SAN DIEGO, CA, August 14, 2026 — Women’s health innovator Evofem Biosciences, Inc. (Evofem or the Company) (OTCID: EVFM), today announced financial results for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2026. “Maintaining a healthy, naturally acidic vaginal pH is essential for preserving a balanced vaginal microbiome,” said Saundra Pelletier, CEO of Evofem. “When healthy Lactobacilli flourish, they continuously produce lactic acid which helps protect the vagina from harmful bacteria, fungi, and parasites. This understanding of vaginal ecology underpins Evofem’s approach to women’s health. From our hormone-free contraceptive PHEXX, which maintains the vagina’s natural pH, to SOLOSEC, which treats two sexual health infections that can disrupt that balance, Evofem is committed to providing women and healthcare professionals with innovative solutions that support women’s health, wellness, and confidence.” Notable advances since April 1, 2026, include: Shipped the 500,000thbox of PHEXX® (lactic acid, citric acid and potassium bitartrate), the first and only FDA-approved hormone-free, on-demand prescription contraceptive vaginal gel. The Emirates Drug Establishment (EDE) review of the submissions for marketing approval of PHEXX® and SOLOSEC® (secnidazole) 2g oral granules in the United Arab Emirates is ongoing. The EDE issued favorable pricing certificates for PHEXX in late 2025. Expanded our global reach into Sub-Saharan Africa through a distribution agreement with Clovis Davis Pharmaceuticals for SOLOSEC. Regulatory work is underway in Uganda, the first planned market under this agreement. A new study site was added in an ongoing investigator-led, NIH-funded Phase 4 clinical trial evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of SOLOSEC (single-dose, one time) versus metronidazole (twice daily for seven days) for the treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis in men and women. Study investigators hypothesize that the rate of repeat infections with vaginalis will be 1.75 lower in the SOLOSEC group versus the multi-dose oral metronidazole arm and that single-dose SOLOSEC will have higher initial cost but will be more cost effective compared to multi-dose metronidazole, largely due to lower breakthrough rates of infection.1 We are again combatting media censorship of the anatomically correct term for a woman’s reproductive organ—vagina—which can lead to content being restricted, suppressed or shadow-banned online, healthcare conversations being muted, and leave women feeling shame for discussing their own bodies. Say Vagina with us this August and all year long. #SayVaginaMonth Second Quarter Financial Results For the three months ended June 30, 2026, net sales were $2.6 million, versus $4.8 million in the prior year period. The decrease was primarily due to lower ex-factory sales for PHEXX in the 2026 period following the exceptionally high level of PHEXX purchasing by wholesalers in December 2025 ahead of the January 2026 price increase, as well as the temporary and now-resolved exclusion of PHEXX from certain state Medicaid and public health programs while transitioning to the new NDC number. This was partially offset by an increase in SOLOSEC units sold, the wholesale average cost (WAC) increase that took effect on January 1, 2026, and more favorable gross-to-net ratio for both products in the 2026 period. Total operating expenses were $5.1 million in the second quarter of 2026, versus $6.1 million in the prior year period. The $1.0 million decrease was mainly driven by a $0.6 million reduction in sales and marketing cost due to the termination of a commercial rebate program to better align resources with core business priorities. Loss from operations was $2.5 million, compared to $1.3 million in the prior year quarter. Factoring the impact of two non-cash charges in the second quarter of 2026— a $2.2 million loss on extinguishment of debt and a $5.7 million change in fair value of financial instruments— net loss attributable to common stockholders was $11.1 million, or $(0.08) per basic and diluted share, in the current period versus a net loss attributable to common stockholders of $1.8 million, or $(0.01) per basic and diluted share, for the second quarter of 2025. LiquidityIn June 2026, the Company received $0.7 million in net proceeds from the advancement of a sale and issuance of a subordinated note to HUB Cyber Security Ltd. (HUB) in early July 2026. Restricted cash and cash equivalents was $0.3 million as of June 30, 2026, versus $0.6 million as of December 31, 2025. About Evofem Evofem Biosciences is a San Diego-based pharmaceutical company commercializing two FDA-approved sexual and reproductive health products: PHEXX®(lactic acid, citric acid, and potassium bitartrate) - the first and only hormone-free, on-demand prescription contraceptive vaginal gel. Visit com to learn more and for important safety information. SOLOSEC® (secnidazole) 2g oral granules - an FDA-approved oral antibiotic for the treatment of two sexual health diseases: bacterial vaginosis (BV), a common vaginal infection, in females 12 years of age and older, and trichomoniasis, a common sexually transmitted infection (STI), in people 12 years of age and older. SOLOSEC provides a complete course of therapy in just one dose. Visit com to learn more and for important safety information. PHEXX®and SOLOSEC® are registered trademarks of Evofem Biosciences, Inc. Forward-Looking Statements This press release includes "forward-looking statements," within the meaning of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements provided by Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as, but not limited to, “anticipate,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “target,” “hypothesize,” “intend,” “potential,” “strategy,” “will,” and similar expressions or phrases, or the negative of those expressions or phrases, are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. Forward-looking statements are based on current assumptions and involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond the Company’s control. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed or implied in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, limited cash resources, the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, dependence on new capital or business development transactions to fund operations, potential delays in regulatory approvals, changes in market demand, manufacturing and supply chain risks, risks related to the Company’s limited revenue base relative to operating expenses, and its reliance on third-party licensees and distributors for ex-U.S. commercialization, together with those that are disclosed in the Company's SEC filings, including its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, filed with the SEC on March 11, 2026, Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2026 filed with the SEC on August 14, 2026, and any subsequent filings. All forward-looking statements are expressly qualified in their entirety by such factors. Evofem undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement except as required by law, and investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such statements given the Company’s current liquidity position and evolving business conditions. Sources Connect with Us ir@evofem.com media@evofem.com -- Financial Tables Follow -- To access Evofem’s full financial results for the three-and six-month periods ended June 30, 2026, as filed with the SEC on Form 10-Q on August 14, 2026, please visit https://investor.evofem.com/financial-information/sec-filings/default.aspx. EVOFEM BIOSCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (unaudited)(In thousands) EVOFEM BIOSCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS(unaudited)(In thousands, except share and per share data) ###

Phase 3Financial StatementDrug Approval

14 Aug 2026

·www.biospace.com

Appili Therapeutics Reports Financial and Operational Results for First Quarter of Fiscal Year 2027

Appili adopts a new business strategy that focuses on the biodefence sector Halifax, Nova Scotia--(News - August 14, 2026) - Appili Therapeutics Inc. (TSX: APLI) (OTC Pink: APLIF) (the "Company" or "Appili"), a biopharmaceutical company focused on drug development for infectious diseases and medical countermeasures, today announced its financial and operational results for the first quarter of its fiscal year 2027, which ended on June 30, 2026. All figures are in Canadian dollars unless otherwise stated. "While ATI-1801 remains the Company's principal near-term regulatory and value-creation opportunity, Appili is expanding its portfolio strategy to build a broader biodefence and health-security company, with an increased emphasis on defence-related medical needs," said Dr. Don Cilla, President and CEO of Appili. Revised Business Strategy The Company was founded to acquire, develop, and commercialize novel therapeutics addressing infectious diseases and biodefense priorities. Our revised strategic focus is driven by the significant unmet medical and public health need for innovative countermeasures against naturally occurring and emerging infectious diseases, antimicrobial resistance, and biological threats, as well as the expanding regulatory, procurement, and non-dilutive funding mechanisms available to support development. These opportunities are increasingly supported by U.S. Government agencies, allied governments, and international organizations seeking resilient biodefense and health security capabilities. TRUQUESTA TM (ATI-1801) - Topical Antiparasitic Program with an Aligned Regulatory Path Following positive feedback from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") on its scientific bridging strategy, TRUQUESTA TM , a topical formulation of paromomycin in development for cutaneous leishmaniasis has a clearly defined registration pathway to support an NDA submission. Appili is actively pursuing non-dilutive funding from global health organizations and government agencies that share the Company's focus on tropical diseases to execute this strategy and complete the remaining development work. Appili's TRUQUESTA TM is potentially eligible to receive a Priority Review Voucher ("PRV") upon FDA approval, which is anticipated as early as the fourth quarter of 2029 subject to securing the requisite funding. Recent PRV transactions have reached US$200 million, representing meaningful non-dilutive value creation LIKMEZ® (ATI-1501), Commercial Momentum Building in U.S. Market Saptalis Pharmaceuticals, Appili's manufacturing and commercialization partner, continues to commercialize LIKMEZ (metronidazole oral suspension, 500 mg/5 mL), the first and only FDA-approved liquid oral formulation of metronidazole. Since the re-launch in May 2025, LIKMEZ has demonstrated sales growth, reflecting clinician and patient demand. In April 2025, additional patents protecting LIKMEZ's composition and preparation methods were published in the U.S. and Mexico, with patent protection extending through 2039. Lender Extensions Pursuant to the terms of such extensions, all amounts owing under the Bloom Burton Loan, together with all accrued and unpaid interest, will be due on September 30, 2026. All amounts owing under the Long Zone Holdings Loan, together with all accrued and unpaid interest, unless Appili completes an equity financing with minimum gross proceeds of at least CAD$350,000 by August 31, 2026, in which case the extension will continue in full force and effect until September 30, 2026. Financial Results The Company prepares its financial statements in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standard Board and Part I of Chartered Professional Accountants of Canada Handbook-Accounting. All figures are in Canadian dollars unless otherwise stated. For the three months ending December 31, 2025, the Company reported a net and comprehensive loss of $1 million ($0.01 per share), representing an increase of $0.5 million compared to the net loss of $0.5 million ($0.004 per share) for the same period in 2024. The higher loss was mainly driven by a $2.6 million reduction in government assistance, partially offset by a $1.2 million decrease in research and development expenses, $0.2 million decrease in general and administrative expenses and a $0.7 million increase in foreign exchange gains. As of December 31, 2025, the Company's cash balance was $0.2 million, down from $1.2 million as of March 31, 2025. As of December 31, 2025, the Company had 128,366,120 issued and outstanding Common Shares, 11,910,281 stock options, and 39,048,000 warrants outstanding. This press release should be read in conjunction with the Company's unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements for the second quarter of the 2026 fiscal year and the related MD&A, copies of which are available under the Company's pro SEDAR+ at . +++ About Appili Therapeutics Appili Therapeutics is building a National Security Healthcare company that develops, acquires, and advances medical technologies to protect military personnel, strengthen national resilience, and address critical healthcare needs. Guided by a force health protection framework, Appili is building a portfolio spanning infectious disease, physiological readiness, diagnostics, biosurveillance, and protection against chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threats. The Company emphasizes dual-use technologies with applications across defense, government, and commercial healthcare markets. Appili's current portfolio includes programs addressing biological threats, serious infections, and other urgent unmet medical needs. Appili Therapeutics: Advancing National Security Healthcare. Protecting the warfighter. Strengthening resilience. Advancing healthcare solutions. For more information, visit . Forward looking statements This news release contains "forward-looking statements", including with respect to the potential for partnered projects to be developed, the potential that Appili will receive government awards and / or contracts related to its proposal submissions, further anticipated milestones and the timing thereof, the Company's development plans and timelines with respect to ATI-1501, ATI-1701, ATI-1801 and VXV-01, the timing of any milestone and/or royalty payments in respect of ATI-1501, the potential PRV eligibility of ATI-1701 and ATI-1801 and the Company's expectations with respect to its ability to operate as a going concern and satisfy its ongoing working capital requirements. (ii) ,. Wherever possible, words such as "may," "would," "could," "should," "will," "anticipate," "believe," "plan," "expect," "intend," "estimate," "potential for" and similar expressions have been used to identify these forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements reflect the current expectations of the Company's management for future growth, results of operations, performance and business prospects and opportunities and involve significant known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including, without limitation, (i) the risk that the Company may not secure any government funding in respect of any proposal submitted prior to the date hereof, (ii) risks relating to the ability of the Company to repay the LZH Loan and the Bloom Burton Loan as and when they become due (including the risk that any waivers the Company may require thereunder will not be provided), and (iii) those risks listed in the annual information form of the Company dated June 25, 2025, and the other filings made by the Company with the Canadian securities regulatory authorities (which may be viewed at ). Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize or should assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements prove incorrect, actual results, performance or achievements may vary materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in this news release. These factors should be considered carefully, and prospective investors should not place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements. The Company disclaims any intention or obligation to revise forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as required by law. ### Media and Investor Relations Contact: Don Cilla, President and CEO Appili Therapeutics E: Info@AppiliTherapeutics.com To view the source version of this press release, please visit

Drug ApprovalFinancial Statement

100 Deals associated with Metronidazole

External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D00409	Metronidazole	G01AF01 D06BX01 J01XD01	DB00916

R&D Status

Approved

10 top approved records.

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Giardiasis	South Korea	Chodang Pharm Co., Ltd.	06 Sep 2024
Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative	South Korea	Chodang Pharm Co., Ltd.	06 Sep 2024
Tooth Infection	South Korea	Chodang Pharm Co., Ltd.	06 Sep 2024
Liver Abscess, Amebic	United States	Saptalis Pharmaceuticals LLC	22 Sep 2023
Skin Ulcer	Japan	Maruho Co., Ltd.	26 Dec 2014
Helicobacter-associated gastritis	Japan	Shionogi Pharma Co., Ltd.	21 Feb 2013
Infectious enteritis	Japan	Shionogi Pharma Co., Ltd.	10 Aug 2012
Neuroschistosomiasis	Japan	Shionogi Pharma Co., Ltd.	10 Aug 2012
Helicobacter pylori infection	Japan	Shionogi Pharma Co., Ltd.	23 Aug 2007
Rosacea	United States	Bausch Health US LLC	26 Sep 1997
Trichomonas Vaginitis	United States	Pfizer Inc.	03 May 1995
Infectious Diseases	China	Tianjin Lisheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	01 Jan 1981
Amebiasis	United States	Pfizer Inc.	18 Jul 1963
Anaerobic bacterial infection	United States	Pfizer Inc.	18 Jul 1963
Bone and joint infections	United States	Pfizer Inc.	18 Jul 1963
Central Nervous System Infections	United States	Pfizer Inc.	18 Jul 1963
Gynecological infection	United States	Pfizer Inc.	18 Jul 1963
Intraabdominal Infections	United States	Pfizer Inc.	18 Jul 1963
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections	United States	Pfizer Inc.	18 Jul 1963
Sepsis	United States	Pfizer Inc.	18 Jul 1963

Developing

10 top R&D records.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections	Phase 3	United States	Pfizer Inc.	05 Apr 2018
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections	Phase 3	China	Pfizer Inc.	05 Apr 2018
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections	Phase 3	Argentina	Pfizer Inc.	05 Apr 2018
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections	Phase 3	Bulgaria	Pfizer Inc.	05 Apr 2018
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections	Phase 3	Croatia	Pfizer Inc.	05 Apr 2018
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections	Phase 3	Czechia	Pfizer Inc.	05 Apr 2018
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections	Phase 3	Greece	Pfizer Inc.	05 Apr 2018
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections	Phase 3	India	Pfizer Inc.	05 Apr 2018
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections	Phase 3	Israel	Pfizer Inc.	05 Apr 2018
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections	Phase 3	Italy	Pfizer Inc.	05 Apr 2018

Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

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Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


NCT04554693 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Endometriosis \| Pain, Postoperative	78	Metronidazole Oral (Metronidazole)	axvoiyvjqq = qixfiqlfwy ivmanobvos (rqikobjhor, wojwxttpbr - jjlhfihnjw) View more	-	18 Jun 2026
				Placebo (Placebo)	axvoiyvjqq = rtvrpgjahn ivmanobvos (rqikobjhor, oifuwsfwvj - tstzqschij) View more
NCT06728072 (ASCO2026)	Phase 2	Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma First line	44	chemotherapy + MBMT (ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, +/- aspirin)	wtpporiahp(dqtyfqlazk) = mulwlmdstu rtambqcoku (ksowkcxtfh )	Positive	29 May 2026
ECCO2026	Not Applicable	Pouchitis	412	Ciprofloxacin plus metronidazole	vbdwcpzmtj(usqccdkswo) = hkfwnjjlrj bnsexktvjs (zkzukvhdhn ) View more	Positive	18 Feb 2026
				Vedolizumab	oecqucgyzy(dligkcfehj) = dufgqjdftm nlaugbbjcp (rouglzaabv )
NCT05664685 (Pubmed \| Lancet Reg Health Am)	Phase 4	Helicobacter pylori infection First line	127	Esomeprazole + Amoxicillin + Metronidazole + Bismuth subsalicylate	ufcgxfxbtd(sekmhzrvkv) = hostcruljq dlrayohdnn (qldjdwzdan, 86 - 99) View more	Positive	01 Jan 2026
				Omeprazole + Amoxicillin + Clarithromycin	ufcgxfxbtd(sekmhzrvkv) = cgfkjafuyx dlrayohdnn (qldjdwzdan, 70 - 89) View more
DDW2025	Not Applicable	Helicobacter pylori infection	228	Standard quadruple regimen at fixed doses	wuqzsrfpji(gbtjqojohg) = azawueqdpj pjqroeebru (gyzeikwqhj ) View more	Positive	03 May 2025
				higher doses of amoxicillin and metronidazole adjusted by body weight	wuqzsrfpji(gbtjqojohg) = cnlbekqrsw pjqroeebru (gyzeikwqhj ) View more
NCT02042287 (Pubmed \| BMC Womens Health)	Phase 4	Bacterial Vaginosis	32	Lactic acid vaginal gel	xmnmerpgbi(vdrtmqbdkr) = after up to six months mnkszfwjjb (kpqchyncnd ) View more	Positive	06 Jan 2025
NCT02185209 (Pubmed \| J Clin Periodontol)	Phase 4	Peri-Implantitis	-	Amoxicillin and Metronidazole	hwvqpwcmeu(fmclhxvmjk) = uctisidyez omarmdribq (uklqzormtc ) View more	Positive	01 Aug 2024
				Phenoxymethylpenicillin and Metronidazole	hwvqpwcmeu(fmclhxvmjk) = vppmrltsgn omarmdribq (uklqzormtc ) View more
NCT04478617 (PROJECT PREVENT, Pubmed)	Phase 4	Infectious Diseases	133	Vaginal metronidazole for 5 days before hysterectomy	olfqpysxhk(rgygqwxcps) = qerqiecylf brwnxlhlua (qsrvcgpftp ) View more	Negative	01 Apr 2024
				vaginal metronidazole (No intervention)	olfqpysxhk(rgygqwxcps) = msayehnenp brwnxlhlua (qsrvcgpftp ) View more
NCT04927312 (CTgov)	Phase 3	Complicated intra-abdominal infection	60	PF-06947386+Metronidazole	nveinrpcta = ikbqqyvjwj qmxownbnfu (miehfxvqmu, igrvrxiwbn - caxukgntmm) View more	-	08 Mar 2024
NCT03917134 (Pubmed \| J Minim Invasive Gynecol)	Not Applicable	Parametritis bacterial vaginosis	574	Cefazolin 2g + Metronidazole vaginal ovules	tbezxhgnka(sndvaxxlsi) = dlutneqqum fgpxfdsxtm (nzzeqilwag )	Negative	01 Nov 2023
				Cefazolin 2g + Placebo vaginal ovules	tbezxhgnka(sndvaxxlsi) = vqjunruwyx fgpxfdsxtm (nzzeqilwag )

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