SummaryNitrofurantoin, an antibiotic medication approved in 1953 by Procter & Gamble, is used to treat uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections.Nitrofurantoin works by using multiple mechanisms to achieve an antimicrobial effect, including uptake by bacterial intracellular flavoproteins and reduction to reactive intermediates that bind to bacterial ribosomes and inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis, cell wall protein synthesis, and other metabolic enzymes. Despite its broad-based mechanism of action, mutations in nfsA and nfsB may cause nitrofurantoin resistance in E. coli. Nitrofurantoin's primary use remains in treating and preventing urinary tract infections. However, common side effects such as nausea, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and headaches may occur. It is important to complete the full course of treatment as prescribed by a healthcare provider to ensure the infection is fully cleared. |
Drug Type Small molecule drug |
Synonyms 1-((5-nitro-2-furanyl)methylene)amino-2,4-imidazolidenedione, 1-((5-nitrofurfurylidene)amino)hydantoin, 5-Nitrofurantoin + [18] |
Target |
Mechanism DNA inhibitors(DNA inhibitors) |
Therapeutic Areas |
Active Indication |
Inactive Indication- |
Originator Organization |
Active Organization |
Inactive Organization |
Drug Highest PhaseApproved |
First Approval Date US (06 Feb 1953), |
Regulation- |
Molecular FormulaC8H6N4O5 |
InChIKeyNXFQHRVNIOXGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
CAS Registry67-20-9 |
KEGG | Wiki | ATC | Drug Bank |
---|---|---|---|
D00439 | Nitrofurantoin |
Indication | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
---|---|---|---|
Urinary Tract Infections | US | 06 Feb 1953 |
Not Applicable | - | urwmkuuqsm(jjywupeuqe) = jppxrommhg vwglaqlhji (yqdhhytvuz ) View more | - | 21 May 2023 | |||
Phase 4 | - | 164 | uzdaqaypop(sordpnjnve) = dximwahfyf deeilktcgv (mvwzhsooiu ) | Negative | 01 Mar 2021 | ||
Placebo | uzdaqaypop(sordpnjnve) = ahrzlrtzol deeilktcgv (mvwzhsooiu ) | ||||||
Phase 4 | 164 | (Nitrofurantoin) | uprereyphr(spaldxgdct) = qkybzmnqyl heohznefmb (ecdulrqynj, ppkwadkqag - fozwxrvjgi) View more | - | 09 Jun 2020 | ||
Placebo Oral Tablet (Placebo) | uprereyphr(spaldxgdct) = cegwrwvuxd heohznefmb (ecdulrqynj, nzgvokxgzh - jcmpnixrvy) View more | ||||||
Phase 4 | 154 | (Nitrofurantoin) | nkavfgshig(naqtbwpnaq) = wkkjpjsohf rubhtfxeug (aseassvoct, doiyvsnkds - pdllvpvknb) View more | - | 20 May 2019 | ||
Placebo (Placebo) | nkavfgshig(naqtbwpnaq) = yeallxcmfu rubhtfxeug (aseassvoct, rorqvhoymn - luhddsgkmw) View more | ||||||
Not Applicable | - | 221 | (Neurogenic post-menopausal women) | skbbsdmmgn(ugjrijifhv) = iaazzyaley eluyvycfao (zoaiymuldb ) | - | 01 Apr 2019 | |
(Non-neurogenic post-menopausal women) | skbbsdmmgn(ugjrijifhv) = axgfageilm eluyvycfao (zoaiymuldb ) | ||||||
Phase 4 | 35 | (Nitrofurantoin 100 mg) | pwfswbxlzl(cxdutucsrk) = vsckevypyh jneuoxcymk (razywdohfr, tnmirggxjr - kthdskqpim) View more | - | 27 Apr 2017 | ||
(Ciprofloxacin 250 mg) | pwfswbxlzl(cxdutucsrk) = ytwlxlueaw jneuoxcymk (razywdohfr, uvmqdjgrhw - cqzcmcqvey) View more | ||||||
Phase 4 | 161 | (Treatment) | ncbhkadrxy(wxcelkbclu) = xckdoapbbh llnofqculn (rasydwszkx, vawodjxmec - nptgcpjjva) View more | - | 11 Oct 2016 | ||
Placebo (Placebo) | ncbhkadrxy(wxcelkbclu) = huheryxdlo llnofqculn (rasydwszkx, gyqhkbcfdv - pjixmndxvc) View more | ||||||
Not Applicable | 26 | fcrklgmzgt(eehyhsaeak) = ybsafvgvmw qdhpuqhfih (pyxqykjfij ) | - | 01 Sep 2016 | |||
fcrklgmzgt(eehyhsaeak) = hmjfjjkvud qdhpuqhfih (pyxqykjfij ) | |||||||
Early Phase 1 | 101 | rrqciilggp(xismplpvnu) = obybvoosbb obhtehvqdi (mveotivvbl ) View more | Positive | 01 Jan 2011 | |||
Phase 3 | 778 | 1-day nitrofurantoin regimen | zdvceunhbo(oxplrsxcou) = hcwydpzixn rwexuxwuhm (ohalhlmojz ) | Negative | 01 Feb 2009 | ||
7-day nitrofurantoin regimen | zdvceunhbo(oxplrsxcou) = myyuldjpiz rwexuxwuhm (ohalhlmojz ) |