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Last update 07 Feb 2025
Amifostine
Last update 07 Feb 2025
Overview
Basic Info
Drug Type Small molecule drug |
Synonyms Amifostine (USP), Amifostine anhydrous, Amifostine hydrate + [20] |
Target |
Mechanism TNSALP modulators(Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme modulators) |
Therapeutic Areas |
Active Indication |
Inactive Indication |
Originator Organization |
Active Organization |
Inactive Organization |
Drug Highest PhaseApproved |
First Approval Date US (08 Dec 1995), |
RegulationAccelerated Approval (US), Orphan Drug (US) |
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Structure/Sequence
Molecular FormulaC5H21N2O6PS |
InChIKeyTXQPXJKRNHJWAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
CAS Registry112901-68-5 |
Related
32
Clinical Trials associated with AmifostineNCT03702985
A Phase II Trial of Capecitabine and Irinotecan With or Without Amifostine in Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
NCT03474861
A Combination Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of an Anticancer Medication (A01) With Immune Cells (IC01) in Subjects With Advanced Gastrointestinal Cancer
NCT03472352
A Combination Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of an Anti-cancer Medication (A01) With Immune Cells (IC01) in Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors
100 Clinical Results associated with Amifostine
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100 Translational Medicine associated with Amifostine
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100 Patents (Medical) associated with Amifostine
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1,871
Literatures (Medical) associated with Amifostine01 Feb 2025SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER
A systematic review of salivary gland hypofunction and/or xerostomia induced by non-surgical cancer therapies: prevention strategies
Review
Author: Clark, Haley ; Jaguar, Graziella Chagas ; Van Leeuwen, Stephanie ; Elad, Sharon ; Andabak-Rogulj, Ana ; Fregnani, Eduardo ; Abdalla-Aslan, Ragda ; Hovan, Allan ; Brennan, Michael T ; Saunders, Deborah P ; Peterson, Douglas E ; Wu, Jonn ; Jensen, Siri Beier ; Smith, Derek K ; Laheij, Alexa M G A ; Napeñas, Joel J ; Gueiros, Luiz Alcino ; Kurup, Seema ; Vissink, Arjan ; Mercadante, Valeria ; Lynggaard, Charlotte Duch
Abstract:
Purpose:
This systematic review aimed to assess the updated literature for the prevention of salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia induced by non-surgical cancer therapies.
Methods:
Electronic databases of MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCT) that investigated interventions to prevent salivary gland hypofunction and/or xerostomia. Literature search began from the 2010 systematic review publications from the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society of Oral Oncology (MASCC/ISOO) up to February 2024. Two independent reviewers extracted information regarding study design, study population, cancer treatment modality, interventions, outcome measures, methods, results, risk of bias (RoB version 2), and conclusions for each article.
Results:
A total of 51 publications addressing preventive interventions were included. Eight RCTs on tissue-sparing radiation modalities were included showing significant lower prevalence of xerostomia, with unclear effect on salivary gland hypofunction. Three RCTs on preventive acupuncture showed reduced prevalence of xerostomia but not of salivary gland hypofunction. Two RCTs on muscarinic agonist stimulation with bethanechol suggested a preventive effect on saliva flow rate and xerostomia in patients undergoing head and neck radiation or radioactive iodine therapy. Two studies on submandibular gland transfer showed higher salivary flow rates compared to pilocarpine and lower prevalence of xerostomia compared to no active intervention. There is insufficient evidence on the effectiveness of vitamin E, amifostine, photobiomodulation, and miscellaneous preventive interventions.
Conclusion:
This systematic review continues to support the potential of tissue-sparing tecniques and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to preserve salivary gland function in patients with head and neck cancer, with limited evidence on other preventive strategies, including acupuncture and bethanecol. Preventive focus should be on optimized and new approaches developed to further reduce radiation dose to the parotid, the submandibular, and minor salivary glands. As these glands are major contributors to moistening of the oral cavity, limiting the radiation dose to the salivary glands through various modalities has demonstrated reduction in prevalence and severity of salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia. There remains no evidence on preventive approaches for checkpoint inhibitors and other biologicals due to the lack of RCTs.
01 Feb 2025CANCER TREATMENT REVIEWS
Managing strategies of chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis
Review
Author: Li, Chunyu ; Chen, Qianming ; Jiang, Yuchen ; Liu, Xiangfei ; Shi, Wenjin ; Qiu, Yan ; Luo, Xiaobo ; Wu, Yuqi
Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are widely employed as primary non-surgical cancer treatments; however, their non-selective cytotoxicity often leads to adverse events such as oral mucositis (OM), particularly in head and neck cancer therapies. International guidelines provide recommendations for managing chemoradiotherapy-induced OM in various clinical contexts. Subsequently, emerging researches have introduced evidence supporting novel approaches or existing regimens for OM prevention and treatment. The repurposing of established drugs has garnered significant interest due to its shorter development timeline, improved safety profiles, and lower costs compared to new drug development. For example, clinical trials assessing established drugs such as melatonin, clonidine, and pentoxifylline indicate promising potential for managing OM. Additionally, several emerging pharmacological interventions have demonstrated considerable efficacy; SAMITAL and rhIL-11 are supported by phase II clinical trials and prospective studies, while probiotics like Streptococcus salivarius K12 and curcumin have shown effectiveness in randomized clinical trials. Furthermore, recent high-level studies have reinforced the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions, such as photobiomodulation (PBM) and cryotherapy, over the past two years. In all, given the evidence supporting different strategies, PBM and oral cryotherapy are highly recommended for managing OM when feasible. Topical clonidine, melatonin, oral pentoxifylline, topical SAMITAL or rhIL-11, oral SsK12, and curcumin may also be utilized but would benefit from validation in larger trials. Besides, Verbascoside, Palifermin, Amifostine, and Avasopasem manganese can be suggested for OM management, while the side effects should be monitored. The accessibility and cost/effectiveness of specific managing strategies of OM should be considered when selecting appropriate options.
01 Jan 2025PHYTOMEDICINE
Multi-omics analysis reveals the protective effects of Chinese yam polysaccharide against cisplatin-induced renal interstitial fibrosis
Article
Author: Chen, Shurui ; Yang, Yufang ; Wei, Meizhen ; Huang, Zhenguang ; Chen, Shasha ; Huang, Zhiling ; Chen, Xingqing ; Wan, Peiyuan ; Zhang, Pingli
BACKGROUND:
Chinese yam polysaccharide (SYDT) has been reported to protect renal function and mitigate renal fibrosis in mice with diabetic nephropathy. Based on a multi-omics analysis, the objectives of this study were to determine the effect of SYDT on cisplatin (CDDP)-induced chronic renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) and the underlying molecular mechanisms using an in vivo model.
METHODS:
Rats were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of CDDP and then treated with SYDT or amifostine (AMF). The levels of urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr) were detected to assess renal function. Renal tissue damage and fibrosis were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome staining, respectively. In addition, this study applied transcriptomics and metabolomics to predict the possible mechanism of SYDT action, which was verified by several relevant examinations.
RESULTS:
SYDT significantly protected the renal function, alleviated renal tissue damage and fibrosis, as well as decreased the protein levels of vimentin, α-SMA and CTGF, whereas SYDT significantly increased MMP-1 protein level in renal tissues from rats treated with CDDP. There were 1130 differently expressed genes (DEGs) between the CDDP model and SYDT-M groups proved by transcriptome analysis, indicating that metabolic pathways were likely the primary targets of relevance. Consistent with the transcriptome analysis, metabolome analysis identified 276 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) between the SYDT-M and CDDP model groups, with predominant clustering within glycerophospholipid metabolism. Integrative analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome indicated that SYDT inhibited the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway by regulating the target genes Gpd2, Gpam, Agpat3, Lcat, and Pla2g4b. Notably, integrative analysis showed that the Phospholipase D (PLD) signaling pathway may be the most relevant target. Moreover, related signaling pathway analysis confirmed that SYDT inhibited CDDP-induced RIF in rats by down-regulating the PLD pathway.
CONCLUSION:
Our study showed that the alleviation of CDDP-induced RIF in vivo can be achieved through the inhibition of glycerophospholipid metabolism and PLD signaling pathways by SYDT.
2
News (Medical) associated with Amifostine11 Aug 2023
AcquisitionLicense out/in
10 Aug 2023
AcquisitionRadiation Therapy
100 Deals associated with Amifostine
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External Link
| KEGG | Wiki | ATC | Drug Bank |
|---|---|---|---|
| D00226 | Amifostine |
R&D Status
Approved
10 top approved records. to view more data
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| Indication | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytoprotective Agent | CN | 01 Jan 2001 | |
| Neutropenia | AU | 16 Apr 1998 | |
| Xerostomia | AU | 16 Apr 1998 | |
| Chemotherapy-induced damage | US | 08 Dec 1995 | |
| Chemotherapy-induced damage | US | 08 Dec 1995 |
Developing
10 top R&D records. to view more data
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| Indication | Highest Phase | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head and Neck Neoplasms | Phase 3 | FR | 01 Mar 2001 | |
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck | Phase 2 | US | 01 Dec 2006 | |
| Colorectal Cancer | Phase 2 | US | 01 Oct 2006 | |
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia | Phase 2 | US | 01 Jul 2004 | |
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia | Phase 2 | IL | 01 Jul 2004 | |
| Esophagitis | Phase 2 | US | 01 Nov 2003 | |
| Pneumonia | Phase 2 | US | 01 Nov 2003 | |
| Unresectable Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma | Phase 2 | US | 01 Nov 2003 | |
| Hodgkin's Lymphoma | Phase 2 | US | 01 May 2003 | |
| Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma | Phase 2 | US | 01 May 2003 |
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Clinical Result
Clinical Result
Indication
Phase
Evaluation
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Phase 2 | 4 | nxuibyugqp(evqqvuaugf) = dsmsfjtqhp qamlavsxcw (ldlmzncptr, qazoydaqvg - hdatpvbsep) View more | - | 01 Aug 2023 | |||
Phase 2 | 2 | tysavsfnat(jtnmldvsyu) = wkrdivlajc flqnbgjnuq (tgwdnxawwf, znehzjluwc - semzzzxmli) View more | - | 25 Jan 2022 | |||
Phase 3 | 17 | CyberKnife stereotactic radiosurgery (Placebo) | ivivlhgudz(mqedkcaxwt) = jgugarqjqu skkplqzorc (maqyghocsw, uxggsnxbgn - ykjkbvrapo) View more | - | 04 Apr 2017 | ||
(Amifostine) | ivivlhgudz(mqedkcaxwt) = nwvdkmdhgi skkplqzorc (maqyghocsw, wroykzgpol - eivijybiky) View more | ||||||
Phase 2 | 21 | plaowrqirh(aqvtesnjad) = aoxdfymvxn jelzhmimce (kyxzvlppfq, hjmvquswou - nuxrvjdzzy) View more | - | 08 Aug 2016 | |||
Not Applicable | 50 | (IMRT) | dwkbkeapav(bmxrmmvguo) = cxcosjdgyq vvipbghxia (diksqfirmy ) View more | Positive | 01 Nov 2010 | ||
Conventional Radiotherapy with Amifostine | dwkbkeapav(bmxrmmvguo) = cnacgxurkx vvipbghxia (diksqfirmy ) | ||||||
Phase 2 | 3 | Intensity- Modulated Radiation Therapy+Amifostine | kowomlfkjk(roiagpzope) = bqdkaourhw utwsuhifbu (rrxbzkdsjr, hwuxsqnerx - rphijyvgsx) View more | - | 18 Jan 2010 | ||
Phase 2 | 58 | Carboplatin/paclitaxel + Amifostine | nhfthasgoe(bbiccnruoq) = sedyiyayea rsuqjgejer (vtxlceetdw ) | - | 01 Oct 2009 | ||
Not Applicable | - | - | Amifostine 340mg/m^2 | vljdeyehjm(nvrnvytvwo) = tgrxbpbxpf yovxzbojgx (aoggkptjfr, (0.11 - 0.17)) | - | 01 Sep 2008 | |
Not Applicable | - | 30 | rpdefdmhqy(ksnplhtnji) = xqkdrhdxwo crloquucem (hpmrgpgtmg ) | Positive | 01 Nov 2007 | ||
Intrarectal Serum Physiological | rpdefdmhqy(ksnplhtnji) = yrpabvvfzb crloquucem (hpmrgpgtmg ) | ||||||
Not Applicable | 193 | jcxmrdpgqx(qpvfszgxcr) = bkfpshpovt sdbkfzhxgn (sofxbipafu ) View more | Negative | 01 Nov 2007 | |||
Control (no Amifostine) | jcxmrdpgqx(qpvfszgxcr) = gkjbsymehi sdbkfzhxgn (sofxbipafu ) View more |
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