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Last update 24 Jul 2026
Amifostine
Last update 24 Jul 2026
Overview
Basic Info
Drug Type Small molecule drug |
Synonyms Amifostine (USP), Amifostine anhydrous, Amifostine hydrate + [22] |
Target |
Action modulators |
Mechanism TNSALP modulators(Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme modulators) |
Therapeutic Areas |
Active Indication |
Inactive Indication |
Originator Organization |
Active Organization |
Inactive Organization |
License Organization |
Drug Highest PhaseApproved |
First Approval Date United States (08 Dec 1995), |
RegulationAccelerated Approval (United States), Orphan Drug (United States) |
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Structure/Sequence
Molecular FormulaC5H21N2O6PS |
InChIKeyTXQPXJKRNHJWAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
CAS Registry112901-68-5 |
Related
58
Clinical Trials associated with AmifostineNCT07580261
A Phase I Clinical Study of YMN-A02, a Bifunctional RNA Agent, for Safety, Tolerability, and Preliminary Efficacy in Patients With Advanced Primary Liver Cancer Who Have Failed Standard of Care
NCT07157033
A Phase 1/2a, Open Label, Dose-Escalation Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of XER-001 (Amifostibe for Nasoduodenal Delivery) in Combination With Sterotactic Body Radiotherapy for Treatment of Locally-Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
NCT03702985
A Phase II Trial of Capecitabine and Irinotecan With or Without Amifostine in Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
100 Clinical Results associated with Amifostine
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100 Translational Medicine associated with Amifostine
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100 Patents (Medical) associated with Amifostine
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1,688
Literatures (Medical) associated with Amifostine01 Jun 2026INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY
Clinical evidence for managing radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis and xerostomia in head and neck cancer patients: a review of Phase III–IV trials
Review
Author: Alsahafi, E
Oral Mucositis and xerostomia are common debilitating side effects of radiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients, leading to treatment interruptions and negatively impacting quality of life. This review was performed to examine the efficacy and safety of interventions for managing these complications, evaluated in completed Phase III and IV clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. A range of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies were reviewed, with analysis of intervention types, outcomes, and sample sizes. For oral mucositis, effective pharmacological agents included palifermin, avasopasem manganese, doxepin, morphine mouthwash, and gabapentin, while non-pharmacological options such as low-level laser therapy, honey, and Aloe vera showed additional benefit in reducing severity and improving healing. In managing radiotherapy-induced xerostomia, pilocarpine, amifostine, and cevimeline significantly enhanced salivary function, with adaptive radiotherapy techniques offering protective effects on the salivary glands. Phase IV studies supported the role of benzydamine, MuGard, Biotène, and herbal mouthwashes in symptom relief and patient comfort. Although several interventions demonstrated promising clinical efficacy, the heterogeneity in study design, outcome measures, and follow-up duration limits definitive conclusions. Therefore, customized, evidence-driven approaches informed by existing recommendations and developed data are crucial for enhancing outcomes and reducing the burden of therapy-induced toxicities in head and neck cancer patients.
01 May 2026Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B
CD74 deficiency protects against doxorubicin cardiotoxicity through RRM2-mediated regulation of ferroptosis
Article
Author: Bucala, Richard ; Abudureyimu, Miyesaier ; Zhang, Yingmei ; Qi, Jie ; Miao, Peizhi ; Luo, Xuanming ; Qin, Xing ; Chen, Rong ; Ren, Jun ; Wang, Guizhen ; Ge, Junbo
Doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) is a major health threat that limits its clinical application. While mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and ferroptosis are implicated in DIC pathology, the precise mechanism remains elusive. This study evaluated the role of cluster of differentiation 74 (CD74), an immunoregulatory protein, in DIC. Our findings revealed elevated CD74 levels in blood samples from DOX-exposed patients and DOX-challenged mouse hearts. CD74 deletion mitigated DOX-indued cardiac remodeling, contractile anomaly, mitochondrial abnormalities, apoptosis, and ferroptosis. Mechanistically, CD74 bound to DNA synthesis molecule ribonucleotide reductase M2 (RRM2), redistributing it from cytoplasm to plasma membrane, impairing DOX-induced repair and exacerbating mitochondrial injury, apoptosis, and ferroptosis via activation of RRM2/p53 cascade. Notably, a CD74 mutant (aa 220-250) failed to aggravate DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction, unlike WT CD74. Moreover, the protective effects of CD74 inhibition in cardiomyocytes were negated by p53 activation, highlighting its role in DOX-induced damage. Treatment with CD74 inhibitor Amifostine in a DIC mouse model significantly alleviated cardiac remodeling and functional impairment by reducing oxidative stress and ferroptosis. Transwell study using the CD74-null Raw 264.7 macrophages and cardiomyocytes revealed that CD74 knockdown in macrophages overly attenuated DOX-instigated cardiomyocyte dysfunction. These findings establish CD74 as a potential therapeutic target for DIC, as its regulation of RRM2 cytomembrane diversion and ferroptosis ultimately drives cardiac remodeling and contractile anomalies in response to DOX challenge.
01 Apr 2026Materials Today Bio
Radioprotectant-loaded visualizable cationic radioactive microspheres: Reduced hepatic tissue damage and intra/postoperative imaging during TARE
Article
Author: Xiong, Fei ; Chen, Yue-Ran ; Wu, Wen-Yu ; Su, Xun-Zheng ; Li, Yan ; Teng, Gao-Jun ; Shao, Guo-Qiang ; Song, Jin-Hua ; Wang, Xue-Hao ; Qiao, En-Qi
Embolization is an effective treatment modality for intermediate- and advanced-stage Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Transarterial radioembolization (TARE), which combines radiotherapy with embolization, not only induces tumor necrosis by occluding blood flow with embolic agents but also exerts local radiotherapeutic effects to damage tumor cells, thereby significantly enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of embolization. Current radiolabeled microspheres used for internal irradiation therapy in HCC have limitations, such as suboptimal embolization efficacy, a tendency for non-target embolization, an inability to track embolic agents during and after surgery, and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during radiotherapy, which can damage normal tissues. To address these issues, visualizable cationic quaternary ammonium salt-based drug-eluting microspheres capable of loading 131I and the radioprotective agent amifostine were developed. The microspheres exhibit good embolic properties and can be visualized over an extended period using CT and DSA. The microspheres, carrying a positive charge, are capable of loading amifostine via ion exchange. After loading amifostine, these microspheres can not only provide local radiotherapy within the tumor but also continuously release amifostine locally to neutralize ROS in normal liver tissue. This approach not only enhances the utilization of amifostine in vivo but also protects the liver without compromising the efficacy of TARE thereby further improving the precision of radiotherapy.
3
News (Medical) associated with Amifostine11 Aug 2023
AcquisitionLicense out/in
10 Aug 2023
AcquisitionRadiation Therapy
13 Feb 2019
AcquisitionLicense out/in
100 Deals associated with Amifostine
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External Link
| KEGG | Wiki | ATC | Drug Bank |
|---|---|---|---|
| D00226 | Amifostine |
R&D Status
Approved
10 top approved records. to view more data
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| Indication | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytoprotective Agent | China | 01 Jan 2001 | |
| Neutropenia | Australia | 16 Apr 1998 | |
| Xerostomia | Australia | 16 Apr 1998 | |
| Chemotherapy-induced damage | United States | 08 Dec 1995 | |
| Chemotherapy-induced damage | United States | 08 Dec 1995 |
Developing
10 top R&D records. to view more data
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| Indication | Highest Phase | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck | Phase 3 | France | 01 Mar 2001 | |
| Squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx | Phase 2 | United States | 01 Dec 2006 | |
| Rectal Cancer | Phase 2 | United States | 01 Oct 2006 | |
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia | Phase 2 | United States | 01 Jul 2004 | |
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia | Phase 2 | Israel | 01 Jul 2004 | |
| Esophagitis | Phase 2 | United States | 01 Nov 2003 | |
| Pneumonia | Phase 2 | United States | 01 Nov 2003 | |
| Unresectable Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma | Phase 2 | United States | 01 Nov 2003 | |
| Hodgkin's Lymphoma | Phase 2 | United States | 01 May 2003 | |
| Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma | Phase 2 | United States | 01 May 2003 |
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Clinical Result
Clinical Result
Indication
Phase
Evaluation
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Phase 2 | 4 | uoykvsnezk(usnfnuvdmf) = jyuxrhtune slefybgiwk (kbnxnghsla, dcashgjxct - nmxqofdmyi) View more | - | 01 Aug 2023 | |||
Phase 2 | 2 | mijpmrtxax = cgricxigid ddarlicigm (euaccbeojd, bhnyikofpt - wpqzfslqrn) View more | - | 25 Jan 2022 | |||
Phase 2 | 187 | No amifostine | cmwxrcroai(ehmmxwaocm) = vklvmfdwhe ypnnzyavlw (jgdfcbrzuh ) View more | - | 01 Jun 2018 | ||
Everyday regimen of amifostine | cmwxrcroai(ehmmxwaocm) = zqtaayfbwj ypnnzyavlw (jgdfcbrzuh ) View more | ||||||
Phase 3 | 17 | CyberKnife stereotactic radiosurgery (Placebo) | fvwntixpsj = mvhnepvxji jrqksulowu (glkorubysh, ximgzlxxqx - tlwbcujkdz) View more | - | 04 Apr 2017 | ||
(Amifostine) | fvwntixpsj = vtakybdmdf jrqksulowu (glkorubysh, cvsehkjqef - ckbvfynkje) View more | ||||||
Phase 2 | 21 | xycujznsab = awwmemznzq iwdppznydu (mpewoatreu, xfzhgukkir - hromecdfbn) View more | - | 08 Aug 2016 | |||
Phase 1/2 | 45 | Intracavitary brachytherapy+cisplatin (Radiation Therapy Plus Cisplatin) | agdqqffotw = actgiotijf eftcwremwj (ddvxujwlam, ywdwznglbz - wqrqeuzuub) View more | - | 07 Jan 2015 | ||
(Radiation Therapy Plus Cisplatin and Amifostine) | epdbtlptnl = ayblzbcydp rhjlasqmgk (iycbqpzhfb, xzusaubszr - twgmcdxihh) | ||||||
Phase 3 | 130 | (Arm I (High Dose Melphalan, Amifostine Trihydrate, Transplant)) | nkhiqxmnbg = labozpkyxv ixqjpnvuuc (bcmjqxorby, jwbivnuadw - upyuyxskdg) View more | - | 19 Sep 2014 | ||
(Arm II (Low Dose Melphalan, Amifostine Trihydrate, Transplant)) | nkhiqxmnbg = zharprvbnm ixqjpnvuuc (bcmjqxorby, tanubocubj - brhaivpsau) View more | ||||||
Phase 3 | 243 | vfzviklvoj(jtkmrxzlnq) = rilbpaczmt sszekwmafx (qmnmmuocfr ) | - | 01 Jun 2013 | |||
No-Amifostine | vfzviklvoj(jtkmrxzlnq) = hotgeomqox sszekwmafx (qmnmmuocfr ) | ||||||
Phase 2 | Head and Neck Neoplasms Adjuvant | - | zbtydttdwm(aqespzaxgx) = mkahfohyma gvtmltuinp (syptlplcyq, 3.0) View more | - | 20 May 2013 | ||
Phase 2 | 30 | Radiation therapy+Amifostine trihydrate | qcecauojvf = sopbrkimxd hggtfsmxfh (bjiffuvbcz, duoxgaaraw - wvryzyjbix) View more | - | 29 Mar 2012 |
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