Oxacillin Sodium

Potentially Addresses Life-Threatening Antibiotic-Resistant Infections TAMPA, Fla.--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Oragenics, Inc. (NYSE American: OGEN) (“Oragenics” or the “Company”), a biotechnology company dedicated to fighting infectious diseases, today reports favorable findings from third party laboratory testing of several compounds in Oragenics’ lantibiotics platform to combat multiple pathogens despite the resistance of those pathogens to standard-of-care antibiotics. Lantibiotics are a novel class of antibiotics with the potential to treat serious, life-threatening infections. Oragenics’ lantibiotics platform is focused on the development of new antibiotics effective against certain pathogens including vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This preclinical testing was conducted through Oragenics’ collaboration with Linnaeus Bioscience Inc. Testing by Linnaeus Bioscience demonstrated that the MRSA and VRE strains and clinical isolates remained sensitive to several Oragenics’ lantibiotic structures analyzed despite their resistance to so-called drugs of last resort such as oxacillin, methicillin, vancomycin and/or daptomycin. Kim Murphy, President and Chief Executive Officer of Oragenics, commented, “We previously reported that cross-resistance does not appear to emerge with our novel class of antibiotics because of their unique mechanism of action. We are encouraged by the outcomes of our recent collaboration with Linnaeus, which verify that life-threatening pathogens that are resistant to drugs of last resort – including vancomycin and daptomycin – remain sensitive to several of our lantibiotic compounds. This is another significant step in efforts to identify a new lead compound to advance into the clinic toward the development of novel therapies to fight infectious diseases." Marc Sharp, Ph.D., Chief Scientific Officer of Linnaeus Bioscience and an expert on antibiotic mechanism of action, stated, “Antimicrobial resistance continues to be a significant and increasingly serious clinical problem. Through this collaboration with Oragenics we demonstrated that clinically-relevant representative strains and contemporary clinical isolates remain sensitive to several lantibiotics despite the multidrug-resistance phenotype of those bacterial species. Vancomycin and daptomycin in particular are among the drugs that are used for treating severe healthcare-associated MRSA infections.” More than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur in the U.S. each year, and more than 35,000 people die as a result. Oragenics is focused on addressing this unmet medical need through its novel lantibiotics platform, and the results of its work with Linnaeus Bioscience advance Oragenics’ long-term mission to become a provider of effective treatments for infectious diseases. Oragenics remains committed to fighting infectious diseases through the development of its lantibiotics pipeline against MRSA and VRE pathogens. About Linnaeus Bioscience Inc. At Linnaeus Bioscience Inc., our mission is to speed up drug discovery through the exploration, advancement and application of innovative technologies. Established in 2012, Linnaeus was founded to commercialize the Bacterial Cytological Profiling (BCP) platform first developed at the University of California San Diego. BCP enables us to rapidly understand the mechanism of action of antibiotics by performing the equivalent of an autopsy on bacterial cells. We apply this cutting-edge technology to develop our own internal pipeline of molecules that target Gram-negative bacteria and provide access to BCP on a fee-for-service basis. For further details about Linnaeus Bioscience Inc., please visit our website at . About Oragenics, Inc. Oragenics, Inc. is a development-stage company dedicated to fighting infectious diseases, including those caused by coronaviruses and multidrug-resistant organisms. Its lead product is NT-CoV2-1, an intranasal vaccine candidate to prevent COVID-19 and variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The NT-CoV2-1 program leverages coronavirus spike protein research licensed from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) with a focus on reducing viral transmission and offering a more patient-friendly intranasal administration. Its lantibiotics program features a novel class of antibiotics against bacteria that have developed resistance to commercial antibiotics. For more information about Oragenics, please visit . Forward-Looking Statements This communication contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements are based on management’s beliefs and assumptions and information currently available. The words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “project” and similar expressions that do not relate solely to historical matters identify forward-looking statements. Investors should be cautious in relying on forward-looking statements because they are subject to a variety of risks, uncertainties, and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any such forward-looking statements. These factors include, but are not limited to, the following: the Company’s ability to obtain necessary funding, non-dilutive or otherwise, for the development of the vaccine and lantibiotic product candidates; the Company’s ability to advance the development of its vaccine candidate and lantibiotics candidate under the timelines and in accord with the milestones it projects; the regulatory application process, research and development stages, and future clinical data and analysis relating to vaccines and lantibiotics, including any meetings, decisions by regulatory authorities, such as the FDA and Canadian regulatory authorities and investigational review boards, whether favorable or unfavorable; the potential application of our vaccine candidate to variants and other coronaviruses; the Company’s ability to obtain, maintain and enforce necessary patent and other intellectual property protection and license agreements; the nature of competition and development relating to COVID-19 immunization and therapeutic treatments and demand for vaccines and antibiotics; the Company’s expectations as to the outcome of preclinical studies, nasal administration, transmission, manufacturing, storage and distribution; other potential adverse impacts such as delays in regulatory review, manufacturing delays and supply chain issues, adverse impacts on healthcare systems and disruption of the global economy; the ability to sustain compliance with our exchange listing requirements; and general economic and market conditions and risks, as well as other uncertainties described in our filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. All information set forth in this press release is as of the date hereof. You should consider these factors in evaluating the forward-looking statements included in this press release and not place undue reliance on such statements. We do not assume any obligation to publicly provide revisions or updates to any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, should circumstances change, except as otherwise required by law.

23 January 2023 Clinigen divests Proleukin® to Iovance Biotherapeutics for £166.7 million The deal includes a £41.7 million milestone payment and double-digit Proleukin® global sales royalties Clinigen Limited (‘Clinigen’) (‘the Company’), the global pharmaceutical services company, has entered into an agreement to divest Proleukin® (interleukin-2 (aldesleukin)), to Iovance Biotherapeutics, Inc. (NASDAQ: IOVA) (‘Iovance’), a late-stage biotechnology company developing novel T cell-based cancer immunotherapies (tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) and peripheral-blood lymphocyte (PBL)). Terms of the agreement include an upfront payment of £166.7 million, a £41.7 million milestone payment upon first approval of li in advanced melanoma, and double-digit Proleukin® global sales royalties from Iovance to Clinigen. The transaction is expected to close in the first quarter of 2023, subject to required regulatory approvals and clearances and other customary closing conditions. The divestment of Proleukin is an important step in Clinigen’s previously stated strategy of increasing its focus on those areas of the pharmaceutical services market where it has a growing and sustainable competitive advantage. Clinigen provides a strong and highly differentiated offering in pharmaceutical services where the platform provides market-leading access solutions from the clinical phase through to the commercial stage of the drug product life cycle. David Bryant, Interim Chief Executive Officer of Clinigen, said: “Today’s announcement is a significant milestone for Clinigen as it continues its evolution as a business focused on critical high-value pharmaceutical services. The divestment helps accelerate that services focus, while returning value to the business and allowing Clinigen to benefit from potential future economic value in Proleukin. “We have had a long-standing partnership with Iovance and believe they are the right partner to take Proleukin forward and ensure continued availability of this important medicine to patients and healthcare professionals.” Greenhill & Co is serving as financial advisor and White & Case LLP as legal advisor to Clinigen. – Ends – Contact details Clinigen Limited +44 (0)7957 984570 Michelle Shearly, Director of Communications michelle.shearly@clinigengroup.com Consilium Strategic Communications Mary-Jane Elliott / Matthew Cole / Jessica Hodgson Tel: +44 (0) 20 3709 5700Clinigen@consilium-comms.com Notes to Editors About Clinigen Clinigen is a global, specialist pharmaceutical services company focused on providing ethical access to medicines. Its mission is to deliver the right medicine to the right patient at the right time. The Group supports pharmaceutical and biotech companies across the medical product lifecycle, from clinical through to commercial and operates from sites in North America, Europe, Africa and the Asia Pacific. Clinigen has more than 1,000 employees across five continents in 15 countries, and provides access in more than 120 countries every year. For more information on Clinigen, please visit About Proleukin Proleukin (Aldesleukin is a recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2), a cytokine whose role in the immune system has been extensively studied. At conventional doses it is used in the treatment of kidney cancer that has spread to another part of the body (metastatic kidney cancer). It is also currently being studied as part of adoptive cellular therapy. At significantly lower doses than those used in oncology aldesleukin has demonstrated immunomodulatory effects in certain auto-immune and inflammatory disease states by boosting the levels of a particular subset of white blood cells called T-regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs). The Following Information is Intended for the U.S. Audience Only. Proleukin® (aldesleukin) is indicated for the treatment of adults with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and metastatic melanoma (mM). Summary of Important Safety Information for Proleukin® (aldesleukin) for injection, for intravenous infusion. WARNINGS Therapy with Proleukin® (aldesleukin) should be restricted to patients with normal cardiac and pulmonary functions as defined by thallium stress testing and formal pulmonary function testing. Extreme caution should be used in patients with a normal thallium stress test and a normal pulmonary function test who have a history of cardiac or pulmonary disease. Proleukin should be administered in a hospital setting under the supervision of a qualified physician experienced in the use of anticancer agents. An intensive care facility and specialists skilled in cardiopulmonary or intensive care medicine must be available. Proleukin administration has been associated with capillary leak syndrome (CLS) which is characterized by a loss of vascular tone and extravasation of plasma proteins and fluid into the extravascular space. CLS results in hypotension and reduced organ perfusion which may be severe and can result in death. CLS may be associated with cardiac arrhythmias (supraventricular and ventricular), angina, myocardial infarction, respiratory insufficiency requiring intubation, gastrointestinal bleeding or infarction, renal insufficiency, edema, and mental status changes. Proleukin treatment is associated with impaired neutrophil function (reduced chemotaxis) and with an increased risk of disseminated infection, including sepsis and bacterial endocarditis. Consequently, preexisting bacterial infections should be adequately treated prior to initiation of Proleukin therapy. Patients with indwelling central lines are particularly at risk for infection with gram positive microorganisms. Antibiotic prophylaxis with oxacillin, nafcillin, ciprofloxacin, or vancomycin has been associated with a reduced incidence of staphylococcal infections. Proleukin administration should be withheld in patients developing moderate to severe lethargy or somnolence; continued administration may result in coma. INDICATIONS AND USAGE Proleukin® (aldesleukin) is indicated for the treatment of adults with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (metastatic RCC). Proleukin is indicated for the treatment of adults with metastatic melanoma. Careful patient selection is mandatory prior to the administration of Proleukin. Evaluation of clinical studies to date reveals that patients with more favorable ECOG performance status (ECOG PS 0) at treatment initiation respond better to Proleukin, with a higher response rate and lower toxicity. Therefore, selection of patients for treatment should include assessment of performance status. Experience in patients with ECOG PS > 1 is extremely limited. CONTRAINDICATIONS Proleukin® (aldesleukin) is contraindicated in patients with a known history of hypersensitivity to interleukin-2 or any component of the Proleukin formulation. Proleukin is contraindicated in patients with an abnormal thallium stress test or abnormal pulmonary function tests and those with organ allografts. Retreatment with Proleukin is contraindicated in patients who have experienced the following drug-related toxicities while receiving an earlier course of therapy: sustained ventricular tachycardia (≥ 5 beats), cardiac arrhythmias not controlled or unresponsive to management, chest pain with ECG changes, consistent with angina or myocardial infarction, cardiac tamponade, intubation for > 72 hours, renal failure requiring dialysis > 72 hours, coma or toxic psychosis lasting > 48 hours, repetitive or difficult to control seizures, bowel ischemia/perforation, GI bleeding requiring surgery. WARNINGS Because of the severe adverse events which generally accompany Proleukin therapy at the recommended dosages, a thorough clinical evaluation should be performed to identify patients with significant heart, lung, kidney, liver or central nervous system impairment in whom Proleukin is not indicated for use. Patients with normal heart, lung, liver and central nervous system function may experience serious, life-threatening or fatal adverse events. Should adverse events, requiring dose modification occur, dosage should be withheld rather than reduced. Proleukin has been associated with exacerbation of preexisting autoimmune disease and inflammatory disorders. In some cases, the onset of new autoimmune diseases, such as vitiligo, may occur. Symptomatic hyperglycemia and/or diabetes mellitus have been reported during Proleukin therapy. All patients should have thorough evaluation and treatment of CNS metastases and have a negative scan prior to receiving Proleukin therapy. New neurologic signs, symptoms, and anatomic lesions following Proleukin therapy have been reported in patients without evidence of CNS metastases. Neurologic signs and symptoms associated with Proleukin therapy usually improve after discontinuation of Proleukin therapy; however, there are reports of permanent neurologic defects. In patients with known seizure disorders, extreme caution should be exercised as Proleukin may cause seizures. PRECAUTIONS Patients should have normal cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, and CNS function at the start of therapy. Capillary leak syndrome (CLS) begins immediately after Proleukin® (aldesleukin) treatment starts and is marked by increased capillary permeability to protein and fluids and reduced vascular tone. Proleukin® (aldesleukin) treatment should be withheld for failure to maintain organ perfusion as demonstrated by altered mental status, reduced urine output, a fall in the systolic blood pressure below 90 mm Hg or onset of cardiac arrhythmias. Recovery from CLS begins soon after cessation of Proleukin therapy. Usually, within a few hours, the blood pressure rises, organ perfusion is restored and reabsorption of extravasated fluid and protein begins. Kidney and liver function are impaired during Proleukin treatment. Use of concomitant nephrotoxic or hepatotoxic medications may further increase toxicity to the kidney or liver. Mental status changes including irritability, confusion, or depression which occur while receiving Proleukin may be due to bacteremia or early bacterial sepsis, hypoperfusion, occult CNS malignancy, or direct Proleukin-induced CNS toxicity. Patients should be evaluated for these and other causes of mental status changes. Alterations in mental status due solely to Proleukin therapy may progress for several days before recovery begins. Rarely, patients have sustained permanent neurologic deficits. Proleukin enhancement of cellular immune function may increase the risk of allograft rejection in transplant patients. Serious manifestations of eosinophilia involving eosinophilic infiltration of cardiac and pulmonary tissues can occur following Proleukin. ADVERSE REACTIONS The rate of drug-related deaths in the 255 metastatic RCC patients who received single-agent Proleukin® (aldesleukin) was 4% (11/255); the rate of drug-related deaths in the 270 metastatic melanoma patients who received single-agent Proleukin was 2% (6/270). Adverse events are frequent, often serious, and sometimes fatal. The following adverse events (Grades 1-4) were seen in ≥ 30% of 525 patients (255 with metastatic kidney cancer and 270 with metastatic melanoma) treated with Proleukin: low blood pressure (71%), diarrhea (67%), low urine output (63%), chills (52%), vomiting (50%), shortness of breath (43%), rash (42%), increased bilirubin in blood (40%), decreased clotting of blood (37%), nausea (35%), confusion (34%), and decreased kidney function (33%). Please see the full Prescribing Information, including Boxed Warning, for Proleukin® (aldesleukin) for injection, for intravenous infusion. You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit or call 1-800-FDA-1088.