Delving into the Latest Updates on Gatifloxacin with Synapse

Overview

Basic Info

Drug Type

Small molecule drug

Synonyms

1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro- 8-methoxy-7-(3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)- 4-oxo-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid, Bonoq, Bonoq Uro

+ [99]

Target

Bacterial DNA gyrase x Bacterial top IV

Action

inhibitors

Mechanism

Bacterial DNA gyrase inhibitors(Bacterial DNA gyrase inhibitors), Bacterial top IV inhibitors(Bacterial topoisomerase IV inhibitors)

Therapeutic Areas

Infectious DiseasesEye DiseasesOtorhinolaryngologic Diseases+ [2]

Active Indication

Conjunctivitis, BacterialBlepharitisCorneal Ulcer+ [7]

Inactive Indication

Acute bacterial bronchitisAcute sinusitisAnthrax+ [6]

Originator Organization

Bristol Myers Squibb Co.

Active Organization

Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

AbbVie, Inc.

Sino-American Shanghai Squibb Pharmaceuticals Ltd.

+ [1]

Inactive Organization

Allergan UC

Bristol Myers Squibb Co.

KYORIN Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

+ [1]

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Date

United States (17 Dec 1999),

Acute bacterial bronchitisAcute sinusitisBronchitis, Chronic+ [4]

Regulation-

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Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC19H22FN3O4

InChIKeyXUBOMFCQGDBHNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

CAS Registry112811-59-3

View All Structures (2)

Developing an effective and powerful photocatalyst is important to its practical application in water treatment area, like emerging contaminants removal in water.Herein, through a synergistic strategy of N-doping and carbon quantum dots (CQDs)-loading on WO₃ nanoflowers, CQDs/N-WO₃ was designed, which exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance due to modulated electronic structure.Both exptl. characterization and theor. calculation confirmed that the synergistic effect accelerated the electron transfer ability from O2p to W5d, thus promoting the photogenerated electron and hole separation efficiency owing to the increased W5d orbital electron d.The optimum photocatalyst achieved 100 % removal of gatifloxacin (GAT) with a high reaction rate constant (k₁) of 0.055 min^-1 in 60 min under simulated solar light.Moreover, quenching experiment and radical detection demonstrated that the main reactive oxygen species (ROS) changed from ^•OH (WO₃ and N-WO₃) to O^•-₂ (CQDs/N-WO₃) for GAT removal.D. functional theory (DFT) calculation based on Fukui index further indicated the reactive sites of GAT were available for electrophilic attack.The internal mechanism was also deduced that after N doped and CQDs loaded on WO₃, narrowed band gap and increased utilization of visible light were observedMoreover, the high electron d. of N sites was more conducive to hole capture, and CQDs enhanced the electron transport as electron acceptor and transporter.The synergistic strategy of doping and loading opens a new perspective for modulating the electronic structure of catalysts, and provides a reference for regulating the ROS types in Fenton-like reactions for the removal of emerging contaminants in water.

01 May 2025·Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy

Tuning charge distribution for synergistic enhancement of internal electric field in BiOCl via phosphorus-vanadium dual-doping

Author: Li, Mingyu ; Zhou, Chen ; Dong, Shuangshi ; Liu, Yansong ; Huo, Mingxin ; Li, Tianren ; Sun, Tongze ; Li, Jiage ; Jiang, Jingjing ; Liu, Hongyu ; Yan, Ge ; Zhao, Chunrui

The internal elec. field (IEF) between the [Bi₂O₂]² ⁺ and [Cl]^- at. layers plays a critical role in the BiOCl induced photocatalytic system.Reports on simultaneous charge modulation of both the [Bi₂O₂]²⁺ and [Cl]^- layers to enhance the IEF are limited, as previous efforts have primarily focused on modifications of single at. layer.In this work, we achieved such modulation through dual-doping with non-metal phosphorus and metal vanadium.The linear regression anal. of ciprofloxacin degradation by the developed system indicates a strong pos. correlation (Pearson′s coefficient=0.98) between the degradation rate constant and IEF intensity at a significance level of p = 0.01, suggesting nearly linear enhancement of degradation rates with increased IEF strength.The results of XPS, charge difference distribution and electron localization function suggest that this performance attributed to the enhanced neg. charge of the [Cl]^- layer due to phosphorus doping, and the enhanced pos. charge of the [Bi₂O₂]²⁺ layer due to vanadium doping.The charge modulation facilitated electron flow from the [Bi₂O₂]²⁺ to the [Cl]^- layer, leading to a synergistic enhancement of the IEF by 4.3 times.This work provides insights into the mechanistic aspects of IEF enhancement through dual-doping.

01 May 2025·Separation and Purification Technology

Radical to non-radical conversion during PMS activation triggered by optimized electronic structure: Orientational regulation of oxidation pathway for water remediation

Author: Chai, Hongxiang ; Zhang, Xiaodan ; Chang, Lian ; Tan, Jianke ; Huang, Yuming

The orientational regulation of non-radical pathways is significant in the peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based AOP for practical potential, but remains challenge.Here, the Se-doped Co(OH)2 hollow spheres (CoHS-Se-CR) were designed for PMS activation to rapidly degrade gatifloxacin (GAT) antibiotic, with over 95% GAT removal in 20 min.DFT and exptl. trials reveal the downshift of d-band center of Co 3d and O-H bond stretch in PMS via Se doping of Co(OH)2.The active HSO.-5 generated via the breaking of O-H bond triggers the radical to the non-radical conversion of the degradation mechanism, dominated by 1O2 and assisted by electron transport process.Both oxygen vacancy and Se(VI) were involved in 1O2 generation and Co(III)/Co(II) cycle.The CoHS-Se-CR/PMS system showed high efficiency for GAT removal in a wide pH range and strong resistance to anionic interference.This work provides a new strategy for designing PMS activators to construct orientational non-radical AOP.

100 Deals associated with Gatifloxacin

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External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D00589	Gatifloxacin	S01AE06 J01MA16	DB01044

R&D Status

Approved

10 top approved records.

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Conjunctivitis, Bacterial	United States	AbbVie, Inc.	18 May 2010
Blepharitis	Japan	Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	07 Sep 2004
Corneal Ulcer	Japan	Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	07 Sep 2004
Dacryocystitis	Japan	Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	07 Sep 2004
Hordeolum	Japan	Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	07 Sep 2004
Conjunctivitis	Brazil	-	27 Mar 2004
Infectious Diseases	China	Sino-American Shanghai Squibb Pharmaceuticals Ltd.	29 Oct 2002

Developing

10 top R&D records.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Conjunctivitis	Preclinical	China	Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	17 Feb 2005
Conjunctivitis, Bacterial	Preclinical	United States	Allergan, Inc.	28 Mar 2003

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Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

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Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


NCT03578276 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Cataract	35	prednisolone acetate+gatifloxacin+bromfenac (LessDrops)	wbcyhkzjtb(fuykjasvkn) = pielqgscjv bfynjsmmmq (xhltohwzux, tlysmoczic - iozckdezdf) View more	-	10 Jun 2022
				Prednisolone acetate 1% ophthalmic suspension+Gatifloxacin Ophthalmic+Bromfenac 0.075% Oph Solution (Standard of Care)	wbcyhkzjtb(fuykjasvkn) = rigajhrrmt bfynjsmmmq (xhltohwzux, pwmbttxiiv - dafddoftzl) View more
ARVO2021	Not Applicable	Keratitis	794	Netilmicin	wilhpknuvt(lsnwetnzee) = mjtrkfspnt dngmbgznsz (yknepkqzwj ) View more	Positive	01 Jun 2021
				Moxifloxacin	wilhpknuvt(lsnwetnzee) = uohunlkfmx dngmbgznsz (yknepkqzwj ) View more
NCT00216385 (Pubmed \| Antimicrob Agents Chemother)	Phase 3	Pulmonary Tuberculosis	-	Gatifloxacin (Standard 6-month treatment)	(bomvnyabec) = qwxcksivwi jrsrddrwxe (wnmczhsdee ) View more	-	01 Jul 2017
				Test regimen with gatifloxacin, rifampin, and isoniazid	(bomvnyabec) = lkrzwqclsf jrsrddrwxe (wnmczhsdee ) View more
ARVO2017	Phase 2	Conjunctivitis, Bacterial	300	Pazufloxacin 0.09% BID	(virblcmlse) = okaheyifia rgonafgvhr (ufuauiyllt )	Positive	07 May 2017
				Pazufloxacin 0.09% TID	(virblcmlse) = daaipcldxm rgonafgvhr (ufuauiyllt )
AAO2015	Not Applicable	Endophthalmitis	-	Gatifloxacin	(vpzxtwdoxu) = yphzqgkcek vcxknwxjkx (qhagxpnraz, 0.02)	-	15 Nov 2015
				Polymyxin-trimethoprim	(vpzxtwdoxu) = ccrkzopphu vcxknwxjkx (qhagxpnraz, 0.02)
NCT01928693 (Eye02, CTgov)	Phase 2	Corneal Ulcer	2	Besivance 0.6% Ophthalmic Suspension (Besivance 0.6% Ophthalmic Suspension)	hfoalbdxgt(alwpvnqgue) = tlgjztexlo nspxpizfqn (lcehhlygbr, fdcdomljnb - adgzmkcare) View more	-	13 Aug 2015
				Zymaxid 0.5% Ophthalmic Solution (Zymaxid 0.5% Ophthalmic Solution)	pgwtnwzhrd(pxjdfaqndm) = ibawgpxzbs sjqfjzvcnp (ixkbxeonux, vikvmcuinf - qwydqbelgz) View more
ARVO2015	Not Applicable	-	-	0.3% gatifloxacin eye gel	(zneomeyqul) = hrmwfkuuzw cbeigoxvmg (zokwogsdoq )	-	01 Jun 2015
NCT00350363 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Ophthalmologic surgical procedures	60	Gatifloxacin	fmcthuzuft(jtvdfsybve) = hkwbwcwxno wgvonbuarq (oldsrjlhma, fnptayxdbt - osfqwzpptt) View more	-	29 Jan 2015
NCT00509873 (Pubmed \| J Ocul Pharmacol Ther)	Phase 3	acute bacterial conjunctivitis	1,437	Gatifloxacin 0.5%	bsmmafdwyp(kjeotpzyoq) = AEs were reported by 11.6% and 13.3% of patients in the gatifloxacin 0.5% and vehicle safety populations, respectively tnzoogpzul (dsrrjelfmm ) View more	-	01 Dec 2014
				Vehicle
NCT00410891 (CTgov)	Phase 4	-	129	gatifloxacin	bnqmjnenxb(czwlfbramo) = onnlcnvgqk lbbctfvpeg (jhqzmbwxnu, awgtndaqta - atpqbxaurh) View more	-	12 Jun 2014