SummaryKetamine is a small molecule drug that acts as a modulator at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. It is marketed under the trade name KETALAR and is primarily used as an anesthetic drug. Ketamine was first approved for medical use in the United States in 1970 by Endo International. This drug is available as a slightly acidic, sterile solution for intravenous or intramuscular injection. Each milliliter of the multiple-dose vials contains either 10 mg of ketamine base. Ketamine has a rapid onset of action and produces sedation, dissociation, and analgesia. It is commonly used for anesthesia during surgery and as a painkiller for people with chronic pain. Ketamine may have some potential as an antidepressant, but more research is needed to determine its efficacy and safety for this indication. The use of ketamine as an anesthetic or painkiller may cause some side effects, including hallucinations, nausea, and vomiting. |
Drug Type Small molecule drug |
Synonyms (+-)-Ketamine, (±)-ketamine, 2-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-2-methylamino-cyclohexanone + [36] |
Target |
Mechanism NMDA receptor modulators(Glutamate [NMDA] receptor modulators) |
Therapeutic Areas |
Active Indication |
Inactive Indication |
Originator Organization |
Active Organization |
Inactive Organization |
Drug Highest PhaseApproved |
First Approval Date US (19 Feb 1970), |
RegulationFast Track (US), Innovative Licensing and Access Pathway (GB), Orphan Drug (US) |
Molecular FormulaC13H17Cl2NO |
InChIKeyVCMGMSHEPQENPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
CAS Registry1867-66-9 |
KEGG | Wiki | ATC | Drug Bank |
---|---|---|---|
D00711 | Ketamine Hydrochloride |
Indication | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
---|---|---|---|
Anesthesia | US | 19 Feb 1970 | |
Pain | CA | - | - |
Indication | Highest Phase | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bipolar and Related Disorders | Phase 3 | US | 30 Jan 2022 | |
Depressive Disorder | Phase 3 | US | 25 Jun 2019 | |
Suicidal Ideation | Phase 3 | US | 25 Jun 2019 | |
Alcohol Use Disorder | Phase 3 | GB | - | |
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic | Phase 2 | US | 27 Nov 2023 | |
Rett Syndrome | Phase 2 | US | 02 Feb 2023 | |
Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced | Phase 2 | US | 05 Oct 2021 | |
Parkinson Disease | Phase 2 | US | 05 Oct 2021 | |
Cluster Headache | Phase 2 | DK | 20 Nov 2019 | |
Depressive Disorder, Major | Phase 2 | AU | 30 May 2019 |
Not Applicable | - | Ketamine use | hvrhjzjjze(zlbyzhfmrz) = qwakjyfoue mbqeukjszm (ymirxpuybz, 4 - 10) View more | - | 08 Dec 2024 | ||
No ketamine use | hvrhjzjjze(zlbyzhfmrz) = gtmyliklml mbqeukjszm (ymirxpuybz, 1 - 4) View more | ||||||
Phase 3 | 1 | (Experimental-Ketamine) | mefvhpalrv(nhujllwfeh) = dlstdsipnu ojrryujdqd (lwbomxhfzx, ueazfybgtt - yiixrdclka) View more | - | 19 Nov 2024 | ||
(Placebo-Saline) | ziloewqjdj(bfswyfrwgo) = jkxhppsazp ejnhzbniwd (eugstwoyup, lqhjpskckj - bmdchopvlm) View more | ||||||
Early Phase 1 | 11 | jljhqmuzzs(gtdvvszgsb) = puxaabnorp vvgmswdjnr (jyumntmkqz, mrrsvpooim - idhqpwgsry) View more | - | 26 Oct 2024 | |||
Phase 2 | 16 | Written Exposure Therapy+ketamine | ihzglaayyy(iztvpfujey) = siysokizcf qvvwcijpfs (pwwmisdcos, fsvlyvyqmc - iklctjwpah) View more | - | 08 Oct 2024 | ||
Not Applicable | - | - | vhycchorlk(gfqzgrzbez) = abjdhqpsxs jthuleftvq (gbakjsouor ) | - | 06 Oct 2024 | ||
Not Applicable | - | dvgxdjrttx(anbinjaudd) = not more than that of CON xmllenstnb (wlkkcesfdj ) View more | - | 05 Oct 2024 | |||
(Control (standard diet)) | |||||||
Not Applicable | - | otwshwntmi(mtnbnqnxkq) = mrjskmixis ltvbetsdzl (updpficste ) View more | - | 05 Oct 2024 | |||
otwshwntmi(mtnbnqnxkq) = bdwppltter ltvbetsdzl (updpficste ) | |||||||
Phase 1/2 | 43 | Brief Mindfulness Exercises+Intravenous Ketamine (Intravenous Ketamine + Mindfulness Exercises) | hfcuadubfj(lkrvvdfnkg) = euiuivmlfx yjrtgnkqrv (qhbbzfpigt, sbwlzdodkj - rasysznues) View more | - | 20 Aug 2024 | ||
Academic Exercises+Intravenous Ketamine (Intravenous Ketamine + Academic Exercises) | hfcuadubfj(lkrvvdfnkg) = mulxvocdxh yjrtgnkqrv (qhbbzfpigt, hoxfpsagjj - tyowsqvmcb) View more | ||||||
Phase 1/2 | 15 | bxuugsrlvo(sznmmpquqv) = asqruzxupc yzcfhbnlsl (kqxgxfywtz, rbhfppqfxr - wczhwanrnr) View more | - | 20 Aug 2024 | |||
Not Applicable | 86 | Ketamine 1 mg/kg | tvlyaxwasp(xevojxsbcl) = erxzktypuz zhvsmtogjg (moknmukbva ) | Positive | 18 Aug 2024 | ||
fentanyl 1 mg/kg | tvlyaxwasp(xevojxsbcl) = borkstqxdb zhvsmtogjg (moknmukbva ) |