Last update 29 Nov 2024

Ketamine Hydrochloride

Overview

Basic Info

SummaryKetamine is a small molecule drug that acts as a modulator at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. It is marketed under the trade name KETALAR and is primarily used as an anesthetic drug. Ketamine was first approved for medical use in the United States in 1970 by Endo International. This drug is available as a slightly acidic, sterile solution for intravenous or intramuscular injection. Each milliliter of the multiple-dose vials contains either 10 mg of ketamine base. Ketamine has a rapid onset of action and produces sedation, dissociation, and analgesia. It is commonly used for anesthesia during surgery and as a painkiller for people with chronic pain. Ketamine may have some potential as an antidepressant, but more research is needed to determine its efficacy and safety for this indication. The use of ketamine as an anesthetic or painkiller may cause some side effects, including hallucinations, nausea, and vomiting.
Drug Type
Small molecule drug
Synonyms
(+-)-Ketamine, (±)-ketamine, 2-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-2-methylamino-cyclohexanone
+ [36]
Mechanism
NMDA receptor modulators(Glutamate [NMDA] receptor modulators)
Originator Organization
Drug Highest PhaseApproved
First Approval Date
US (19 Feb 1970),
RegulationFast Track (US), Innovative Licensing and Access Pathway (GB), Orphan Drug (US)
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Structure

Molecular FormulaC13H17Cl2NO
InChIKeyVCMGMSHEPQENPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry1867-66-9

External Link

R&D Status

Approved
10 top approved records.
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IndicationCountry/LocationOrganizationDate
Anesthesia
US
19 Feb 1970
Pain
CA
--
Developing
10 top R&D records.
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IndicationHighest PhaseCountry/LocationOrganizationDate
Bipolar and Related DisordersPhase 3
US
30 Jan 2022
Depressive DisorderPhase 3
US
25 Jun 2019
Suicidal IdeationPhase 3
US
25 Jun 2019
Alcohol Use DisorderPhase 3
GB
-
Stress Disorders, Post-TraumaticPhase 2
US
27 Nov 2023
Rett SyndromePhase 2
US
02 Feb 2023
Dyskinesia, Drug-InducedPhase 2
US
05 Oct 2021
Parkinson DiseasePhase 2
US
05 Oct 2021
Cluster HeadachePhase 2
DK
20 Nov 2019
Depressive Disorder, MajorPhase 2
AU
30 May 2019
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Clinical Result

Indication
Phase
Evaluation
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Study
Phase
PopulationAnalyzed EnrollmentGroupResultsEvaluationPublication Date
Not Applicable
-
Ketamine use
hvrhjzjjze(zlbyzhfmrz) = qwakjyfoue mbqeukjszm (ymirxpuybz, 4 - 10)
-
08 Dec 2024
No ketamine use
hvrhjzjjze(zlbyzhfmrz) = gtmyliklml mbqeukjszm (ymirxpuybz, 1 - 4)
Phase 3
1
(Experimental-Ketamine)
mefvhpalrv(nhujllwfeh) = dlstdsipnu ojrryujdqd (lwbomxhfzx, ueazfybgtt - yiixrdclka)
-
19 Nov 2024
(Placebo-Saline)
ziloewqjdj(bfswyfrwgo) = jkxhppsazp ejnhzbniwd (eugstwoyup, lqhjpskckj - bmdchopvlm)
Early Phase 1
11
jljhqmuzzs(gtdvvszgsb) = puxaabnorp vvgmswdjnr (jyumntmkqz, mrrsvpooim - idhqpwgsry)
-
26 Oct 2024
Phase 2
16
Written Exposure Therapy+ketamine
ihzglaayyy(iztvpfujey) = siysokizcf qvvwcijpfs (pwwmisdcos, fsvlyvyqmc - iklctjwpah)
-
08 Oct 2024
Not Applicable
-
-
vhycchorlk(gfqzgrzbez) = abjdhqpsxs jthuleftvq (gbakjsouor )
-
06 Oct 2024
Not Applicable
-
dvgxdjrttx(anbinjaudd) = not more than that of CON xmllenstnb (wlkkcesfdj )
-
05 Oct 2024
(Control (standard diet))
Not Applicable
-
otwshwntmi(mtnbnqnxkq) = mrjskmixis ltvbetsdzl (updpficste )
-
05 Oct 2024
otwshwntmi(mtnbnqnxkq) = bdwppltter ltvbetsdzl (updpficste )
Phase 1/2
43
Brief Mindfulness Exercises+Intravenous Ketamine
(Intravenous Ketamine + Mindfulness Exercises)
hfcuadubfj(lkrvvdfnkg) = euiuivmlfx yjrtgnkqrv (qhbbzfpigt, sbwlzdodkj - rasysznues)
-
20 Aug 2024
Academic Exercises+Intravenous Ketamine
(Intravenous Ketamine + Academic Exercises)
hfcuadubfj(lkrvvdfnkg) = mulxvocdxh yjrtgnkqrv (qhbbzfpigt, hoxfpsagjj - tyowsqvmcb)
Phase 1/2
15
bxuugsrlvo(sznmmpquqv) = asqruzxupc yzcfhbnlsl (kqxgxfywtz, rbhfppqfxr - wczhwanrnr)
-
20 Aug 2024
Not Applicable
86
Ketamine 1 mg/kg
tvlyaxwasp(xevojxsbcl) = erxzktypuz zhvsmtogjg (moknmukbva )
Positive
18 Aug 2024
fentanyl 1 mg/kg
tvlyaxwasp(xevojxsbcl) = borkstqxdb zhvsmtogjg (moknmukbva )
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