Delving into the Latest Updates on Morphine Sulfate with Synapse

Overview

Basic Info

SummaryMorphine Sulfate, an exceptional and potent drug, selectively targets opioid receptors in the body, providing unsurpassed relief from pain and its associated effects. As an agonist, it stimulates mu, kappa, and delta opioid receptors, binding and activating these specific receptors, and serving as an impeccable option for managing severe pain, such as that resulting from cancer or post-surgery. The drug underwent extensive regulatory scrutiny and was granted approval in September 1984. Since then, it has become a widely used and trusted means of pain management, despite being a controlled substance that requires prescriptions from healthcare providers due to its potential for abuse and addiction. Patients should be mindful of the range of potential side effects associated with Morphine Sulfate, including dizziness, nausea, constipation, respiratory depression, among others. Hence, it is of utmost importance for patients to be well-informed about the risks associated with its use and adhere to their healthcare provider's guidance meticulously.

Drug Type

Small molecule drug

Synonyms

Morphine Sulfate Hydrate, Morphinhydrochloricum, EG-P066

+ [36]

Target

Opioid receptors

Mechanism

Opioid receptors agonists(Opioid receptors agonists)

Therapeutic Areas

Nervous System DiseasesOther Diseases

Active Indication

Acute PainCancer PainPain+ [1]

Inactive Indication

AnesthesiaArthralgiaNarcotic-Related Disorders+ [4]

Originator Organization

Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.

Active Organization

Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.

Teikoku Seiyaku Co. Ltd.Mayne Pharma International Pty Ltd.

+ [9]

Inactive Organization

Pfizer Inc.Zyla Life Sciences US LLCCHARTWELL MOLECULAR HOLDINGS LLC

+ [9]

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Date

US (18 Sep 1984),

Chronic Pain

RegulationFast Track (US)

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Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC34H40N2O10S

InChIKeyUSAHOPJHPJHUNS-IFCNUISUSA-N

CAS Registry64-31-3

Our hypothesis suggests that Administration time of intravenous propofol may affect Pruritus incidence and severity that occur after intrathecal morphine in parturient undergoing elective cesarean section (CS). the aim of the study is to investigate effect of prophylactic administration of intravenous sub-hypnotic dose of propofol before intrathecal morphine compared with the administration after intrathecal morphine on intrathecal morphine-induced pruritus incidence and severity in parturient undergoing elective cesarean delivaries.

Start Date01 Dec 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator

Assiut University

NCT06716749

/ RecruitingPhase 2IIT

Effectiveness of Adding Morphine to Intraosseous Vancomycin for Pain Control in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Double-Blind, Randomized Trial

Study investigators propose to investigate if a bony injection of pain medication during a knee replacement will help pain levels following primary knee replacement surgery. To investigate this, 86 patients will be enrolled. Half of the patients will receive a bony injection of antibiotics with morphine (pain medication) while the other half will receive a bony injection of antibiotics with placebo (no pain medication). Following surgery, patient pain levels and pain medication consumption will be measured.
The injection is intraosseous meaning in the bone. The needle pierces the bone and the medication is injected into the bone. The site of injection is on the anterior (front) of the upper portion of the tibia. The medications are Vancomycin (antibiotic) and Morphine (pain medication) which are mixed in separate syringes and then injected. Intraosseous vancomycin is standard of care while intraosseous vancomycin with morphine is also standard of care, depending on operating surgeon.

Start Date01 Dec 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator

Carilion Clinic

100 Clinical Results associated with Morphine Sulfate

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100 Translational Medicine associated with Morphine Sulfate

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100 Patents (Medical) associated with Morphine Sulfate

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3,006

Literatures (Medical) associated with Morphine Sulfate

01 Feb 2025·JOURNAL OF PAIN

Peripherally mediated opioid combination therapy in mouse and pig

Article

Author: Kitto, KF ; Larson, CM ; Bruce, DJ ; Lunzer, MM ; Clements, B M ; Pflepsen, K R ; Wilcox, G L ; Fairbanks, CA ; Portoghese, PS ; Portoghese, P S ; Wilcox, GL ; Peterson, CD ; Bruce, D J ; Pflepsen, KR ; Akgün, E ; Lunzer, M M ; Kitto, K F ; Clements, BM ; Larson, C M ; Fairbanks, C A ; Peterson, C D

The concomitant epidemics of chronic pain and opioid misuse in the United States have led to a call for novel analgesics with limited abuse potential. Previously, we have shown that co-delivery of a novel combination targeting both μ- and δ-opioid receptors in the peripheral and central nervous systems can produce synergistic analgesia. Loperamide, a peripherally restricted μ-opioid agonist, and oxymorphindole, a δ-opioid receptor partial agonist, synergize in multiple mouse models of hyperalgesia. We predicted this effect would generalize across species and therefore assessed this combination for analgesic synergy in a mouse model of post-incisional hypersensitivity. In mice, oxymorphindole and loperamide displayed significant analgesic synergy. Similar synergy was observed with N-benzyl-oxymorphindole and loperamide. In cross-bred pigs, we compared the analgesic effects of either morphine alone or the combination of oxymorphindole and loperamide or the combination of N-benzyl-oxymorphindole and loperamide. Both combinations showed increased potency as compared to morphine sulfate and effectively reduced hypersensitivity following injury without side effects. From these data we conclude that the combination of oxymorphindole and loperamide or the combination of N-benzyl-oxymorphindole and loperamide reverse incisional hyperalgesia, likely by acting in the periphery, in a large animal model without adverse effects on respiration or heart rate. PERSPECTIVE: This article presents novel opioid combinations, the μ-opioid agonist loperamide with a δ-opioid agonist, either oxymorphindole (OMI) or N-benzyl-oxymorphindole (BOMI), that relieve pain in mice and pigs without adverse side effects. These therapies could help clinicians manage pain in patients while reducing overall opioid burden and limiting side effects.

01 Nov 2024·JOGNN-JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC GYNECOLOGIC AND NEONATAL NURSING

Timing of Catheter Removal and Effect on Urinary Retention After Cesarean Birth

Article

Author: Hoskins, Corie ; Brou, Lina ; Kaley, Karen ; Dempsey, Amy

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the association between timing of indwelling catheter removal and urinary retention after cesarean.

DESIGN:

Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING:

Eight hospitals in suburban, rural, and urban Colorado and Montana.

PARTICIPANTS:

Women who gave birth by cesarean from January 1, 2021 to April 30, 2022 (N = 3,493).

METHODS:

We categorized participants who gave birth between January 1, 2021 and June 30, 2021 (before implementation of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery initiative) into Group A and participants who gave birth between July 1, 2021 and April 30, 2022 (after implementation of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery initiative) into Group B. We used descriptive statistics to report the proportion of participants in both groups who experienced urinary retention after birth. We performed chi-square tests to determine the association between the time of catheter removal and incidence of urinary retention. We used the Wilcoxon rank sum test to determine the association between length of stay and urinary retention.

RESULTS:

Urinary retention rates were 5.8% in Group A and 12.6% in Group B (p < .001). In both groups, participants who received epidural anesthesia experienced significantly more urinary retention than those who received spinal anesthesia (p < .001). Participants who received epidural anesthesia and experienced urinary retention pushed 16.9% longer than those without urinary retention (p < .001). The proportion of participants who experienced urinary retention after catheter removal was 19.4% at 7 hours, 4.6% at 16 hours, and 9.9% at 12 hours after birth. Length of stay was determined to be inconclusive.

CONCLUSION:

We determined that the optimal time of catheter removal to minimize the rate of urinary retention was 12 to 16 hours after cesarean among women who received morphine sulfate as the anesthesia.

01 Sep 2024·Spine deformity

PCA-pump for analgesia following pediatric scoliosis surgery: bolus administration with/without basal infusion

Article

Author: Ayanoglu, Tacettin ; Arikan, Emre ; Demirhan, Abdullah ; Isik, Cengiz

OBJECTIVES:

The aim of this study is to compare the use of two different opioid delivery systems (bolus PCA with/without basal infusion) to control postoperative pain and evaluate the side effect profile in pediatric patients undergoing scoliosis surgery.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

38 patients who underwent posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were included in the study. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups by the computer. Patients who received only bolus PCA were named Group 1, and patients who received bolus PCA with basal infusion were named Group 2.Morphine consumption, postoperative pain assessmentduring rest, movement and coughing with numeric rating scale (NRS) and the Wong -Baker pain scale, heart rate and average blood pressure, sedation levels withRamsey sedation scale and side effects such as nausea, vomiting, itching, desaturation, and urinary retention were recorded.

RESULTS:

Total mean morphine consumption (mg) was 32.7 ± 9.7 in Group 1 and 43.4 ± 9.1 in Group 2. The mean morphine consumption (mg) at 12-24 hours and 0-48 hours in Group 1 was statistically lower than Group 2 (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of median NRS scores (p = 0.55). There was no statistically significant difference in the evaluation of the groups in terms of Wong-Baker pain scale. Wong-Baker pain scale is p:0.66 at the 2nd hour, p:0.951 at the 12th hour and p:0.467 at the 24th hour.There was no statistically significant difference in Ramsay Sedation Scale evaluation between groups during each follow-up time (p > 0.05). The Ramsay Sedation Scale was p: 0.94 at the 2nd hour, p:1.0 at the 12th hour, and p:1.0 at the 24th hour. The duration of vomiting between 0-2 h, 2-24 h and 0-48 h was higher in Group 2 (p = 0.001, p = 0.024, p = 0.001).

CONCLUSION:

The two administration settings of morphine sulphate by PCA pump have shown to be equally effective in the treatment of postoperative pain following PSF. In addition, PCA with basal infusion administration causes more opioid consumption and more systemic side effects. Therefore, the use of only bolus PCA in pediatric scoliosis surgery should be encouraged.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Level II, Randomized Controlled Trial.

144

News (Medical) associated with Morphine Sulfate

19 Dec 2024

·www.drugs.com

U.S. Life Spans Rebound from Pandemic Lows, Helped by Drop in Fatal Overdoses

THURSDAY, Dec. 19, 2024 -- After years of decline, U.S. life expectancy is finally on the rise again for the first time since 2019, new government research shows. This turnaround was driven in part by a decline in drug overdose deaths, which had risen dramatically as a result of the opioid epidemic, according to a second report from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. That includes the first reduction in OD deaths caused by powerful synthetic opioids like fentanyl and tramadol, researchers said. “The age-adjusted rate for drug overdose deaths involving synthetic opioids other than methadone decreased from 2022 to 2023, the first such decrease since the large increases that began in 2013,” concluded the research team led by Matthew Garnett , an injury epidemiologist and statistician with the CDC’s National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). “The rate also decreased for deaths involving natural and semisynthetic opioids and heroin between 2022 and 2023,” the team added. Life expectancy at birth in 2023 was 78.4 years for the total population, an increase of 0.9 years from 77.5 in 2022, CDC researchers reported. For men, life expectancy increased 1 year, from 74.8 in 2022 to 75.8 in 2023. Meanwhile, women saw a 0.9-year increase, from 80.2 in 2022 to 81.1 in 2023. “From 2022 to 2023, age-adjusted death rates decreased for 9 of the 10 leading causes of death,” wrote the life expectancy research team led by Elizabeth Arias , a health scientist with the NCHS. Deaths due to heart disease, accidental injury, stroke, respiratory disease, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, kidney disease, liver disease and COVID-19 all fell significantly between 2022 and 2023, researchers found. The rate of cancer deaths also went down, but not significantly, the report says. The end of the pandemic likely contributed to the increase in life expectancy, researchers said. “The most notable change was for COVID-19, which dropped from the 4th leading cause in 2022 to the 10th leading cause in 2023,” the researchers wrote. Overall, COVID deaths decreased more than 73% between 2022 and 2023, falling from 44.5 deaths to 11.9 deaths per 100,000, researchers said. A decrease in drug OD deaths also contributed to improved life expectancy. The rate of drug overdose deaths fell from 32.6 per 100,000 in 2022 to 31.3 per 100,000 in 2023, researchers said. Drug OD deaths are considered accidental injury deaths. These results jibe with statistics released last week by the CDC, which reported that drug OD deaths had decreased 17% between July 2023 and July 2024. However, the OD death rate is still 3.5 times what it was in 2003, when 8.9 people for every 100,000 died by drug overdose. Drug OD deaths related to synthetic opioids declined by 2.2% between 2022 and 2023, results show -- the first significant decline in OD deaths related to synthetic opioids like fentanyl since 2003, researchers added. Drug overdose deaths related to natural opioids like morphine, oxycodone and hydrocodone also declined 17.1%, between 2022 and 2023, and OD deaths caused by heroin decreased 33.3%. However, OD death rates for cocaine increased by 4.9% between 2022 and 2023, and OD deaths from stimulants like methamphetamine increased by 1.9%, researchers said. Lastly, infants did not seem to benefit from the declining death rates, researchers found. “The infant mortality rate of 560.2 infant deaths per 100,000 live births in 2023 was not significantly different from the rate in 2022,” the researchers wrote. The ten leading causes of infant death in 2023 -- birth defects, low birth weight, sudden infant death syndrome, unintentional injuries, maternal complications, bacterial sepsis of newborn, cord and placental complications, respiratory distress of newborn, intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia, and diseases of the circulatory system -- accounted for more than 65% of all infant deaths, researchers concluded. Whatever your topic of interest, subscribe to our newsletters to get the best of Drugs.com in your inbox.

09 Dec 2024

·www.drugs.com

Dolphins Are Testing Positive for Fentanyl

MONDAY, Dec. 9, 2024 -- Most Americans understand how deeply the dangerous opioid fentanyl has permeated the illicit drug market. Now, it's even infiltrated the bodies of Gulf of Mexico dolphins. Researchers at Texas A&M University report that they've detected traces of fentanyl in the blubber of 30 of 89 bottlenose dolphins living off the coast of Texas and other states adjacent to the gulf. The findings highlight the fact that "pharmaceuticals have become emerging micropollutants and are a growing global concern, as their presence has been reported in freshwater ecosystems, rivers and oceans worldwide," said study lead author Dara Orbach . She's assistant professor of marine biology at the university's Corpus Christi branch. Her team published its findings recently in the journal iScience . As Orbach explained in a university news release, the fatty blubber of dolphins is a good indicator of levels of ocean pollutants because it "can store contaminants and be sampled relatively minimally invasively in live animals." They sampled the blubber of 86 live animals swimming in locales such as Redfish Bay and the Laguna Madre in Texas, and they also looked at blubber samples taken from deceased dolphins from off the Mississippi coast. Fentanyl -- an opioid that is 100 times more potent than morphine -- was detected in the tissues of 18 of the live dolphins that were biopsied, and in all of the 12 post-mortem tissues, the researchers said. The link between use by humans of fentanyl on the land and contamination of ocean waters seemed clear. For example, "We did find one dead dolphin in Baffin Bay in South Texas within one year of the largest liquid fentanyl drug bust in U.S. history in the adjacent county," Orbach said. Some form of drug was detected in 30% of all of the blubber samples retrieved, according to the study. "The Mississippi dolphins comprised 40% of our total pharmaceutical detections, which leads us to believe this is a longstanding issue in the marine environment [in that area]," Orbach said. The research also showed that concentrations of pharmaceuticals tended to be highest in marine areas where other environmental threats -- oil spills, vessel traffic and algal blooms -- were also common. The health effects on dolphins of contamination with human medications isn't yet known. The researchers pointed out that dolphins eat the much of the same marine foods as people: Shrimp and fish. “Chronic exposure to pharmaceuticals and their cumulative effects on marine mammals are not yet fully understood, yet their presence in three dolphin populations across the Gulf of Mexico underscores the need for large-scale studies to assess the extent and sources of contamination,” Orbach said. Whatever your topic of interest, subscribe to our newsletters to get the best of Drugs.com in your inbox.

Clinical Study

21 Nov 2024

·endpts.com

Microsoft-backed Enveda raises $130M for drugs in I&I, obesity and other areas

Biotech startup Enveda has raised a $130 million Series C, the Colorado company said Thursday morning. Founded and led by early Recursion employee Viswa Colluru, the startup will use the funds to back its pipeline of 10 drug development candidates, including one that entered human studies last month. The new financing will get the 250-employee startup to clinical proof-of-concept for three to five of those candidates, Colluru said in a phone interview on Thursday. That includes a once-daily, oral obesity drug that will enter human trials around the middle of next year, he said. The five-year-old company maps the chemistry of plants and employs machine learning and other methods to create therapeutics based on those insights. Enveda believes nature can serve as the foundation for a new generation of medicines, just as morphine, aspirin, metformin, warfarin and others have all come from nature. “It’s funny, when you think about the core of Enveda being natural products, every pharma company would scoff at that and be like, ‘Look, we tried that. It’s not an interesting place,’” Shaquille Vayda, principal at Lux Capital, told Endpoints News last year. Enveda entered the clinic last month with its first drug candidate, ENV-294, an experimental oral treatment for atopic dermatitis, among other inflammatory indications. The drug has attracted pharma interest, Colluru said, noting the company could explore partnerships on some of its programs. It had expected to enter human trials in 2023, Colluru told Endpoints at the time of a December 2022 Series B announcement. Beyond anti-inflammatories, Enveda is also working in obesity (with a hormone mimetic), multiple forms of fibrosis, chronic pain and neurological indications. It’s working on MRGPRX4 antagonists, NLRP3 and TL1A pathway inhibitors, and TGR5 agonists, among others. With the new funds, Enveda has now raised a total of $360 million from Lux Capital, Dimension Capital , Microsoft, Kinnevik, Baillie Gifford and multiple other investors. And it has grown quickly: Colluru previously told Endpoints he initially invested $50,000 of his own money into the company alongside $220,000 from friends and family. He said the company now has flexibility with regard to its next financing step. “The potential here is massive, but there’s enough wood to chop just on the therapeutics side, where I think there’s a $50 billion company to be built just on therapeutics alone in the next decade,” Zavain Dar, a co-founder of VC firm Dimension, previously told Endpoints. The company also has a footprint in India, where Colluru grew up.

100 Deals associated with Morphine Sulfate

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External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
-	Morphine Sulfate	N02AA01	DB00295

R&D Status

Approved

10 top approved records.

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Acute Pain	US	Hikma Pharmaceuticals International Ltd.	17 Mar 2008
Cancer Pain	JP	Shionogi Pharma Co., Ltd.	01 Jan 1989
Pain	US	Purdue Pharma LP	29 May 1987
Chronic Pain	US	Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.	18 Sep 1984

Developing

10 top R&D records.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Pain, Postoperative	Phase 3	US	Javelin Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	01 May 2006
Neoplasms	Phase 2	LT	Egalet Ltd.	01 Aug 2007
Neoplasms	Phase 2	PL	Egalet Ltd.	01 Aug 2007
Arthralgia	Phase 2	CN	Hebei Aoxing Group Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.	-
Neuralgia	Phase 2	CN	Hebei Aoxing Group Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.	-
Anesthesia	Phase 1	-	Pfizer Inc.	01 Aug 2010
Narcotic-Related Disorders	Phase 1	-	Pfizer Inc.	01 Aug 2010
Opioid-Related Disorders	Phase 1	-	Pfizer Inc.	01 Aug 2010

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Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

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Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


NCT03249558 (Duloxetine, CTgov)	Phase 4	Low Back Pain \| Chronic Pain \| Neck Pain	81	Duloxetine+Morphine (Morphine, Duloxetine)	yhvwgkkuuz(wypwtbsjxy) = wjpslbcgmf jqdbqoucfg (fzrmxjvyjk, wwpsgufimg - sfcocfmoke) View more	-	14 Nov 2024
				Placebo+Morphine (Morphine, Placebo Duloxetine)	yhvwgkkuuz(wypwtbsjxy) = elwnylrnzh jqdbqoucfg (fzrmxjvyjk, jarnviaotj - zqpbxafhlc) View more
NCT04388111 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Acute Pain \| Osteoarthritis, Knee	65	antibiotics (Control Group)	lxjozjdbaw(dcvfhklhyb) = xfmrburuaa breqtgfqkr (ghfdkekmin, xkirsqicqj - ykfpxlyrhw) View more	-	19 Sep 2024
				morphine (Intarosseous Morphine)	lxjozjdbaw(dcvfhklhyb) = enfuvdxrlz breqtgfqkr (ghfdkekmin, vzgnaujelv - hnleubamfn) View more
NCT03261193 (qlcsection, CTgov)	Phase 3	Pain, Postoperative	21	ITM + Sham QLB (ITM + Sham QLB)	djktkhcfhx(nerpxzmeys) = ytenwcpcil yzpkytpgqk (jhdmvmtfjk, akxrbdtkma - yuevhicwmc) View more	-	06 May 2024
				ITM+Bupivacaine (ITM + Bupivacaine QLB)	djktkhcfhx(nerpxzmeys) = rttbycajph yzpkytpgqk (jhdmvmtfjk, tmhvhufpjb - aoggxcayma) View more
NCT00701909 (CTgov)	Phase 3	Pain \| Nausea \| Hallucinations ... View more	12	Morphine+Ketamine (Morphine Plus Ketamine)	odkmdohcdy(myiqkzffyy) = atjtghgnwe nzpmesethq (snrkboddpi, lgfzapluyz - tzlvpqexvz) View more	-	26 Mar 2024
				Morphine (Morphine Plus Saline)	odkmdohcdy(myiqkzffyy) = hqnmudwudt nzpmesethq (snrkboddpi, dgahscfscs - uaozsfrgag) View more
NCT05069012 (Pubmed \| Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med) Manual	Phase 4	Analgesia	72	50 mcg of intrathecal morphine	bikztpiofy(upgxrcinbh) = czztjpjhxc cqxqfnqpxn (lvvptklmhs ) View more	Positive	01 Feb 2024
				150 mcg of intrathecal morphine	bikztpiofy(upgxrcinbh) = xxmcrxnfxe cqxqfnqpxn (lvvptklmhs ) View more
NCT03933397 (COMPARE-VOE, CTgov)	Phase 3	Vaso-occlusive crisis \| Anemia, Sickle Cell	328	Patient-Specific Protocol+Hydromorphone+Morphine (Patient-Specific Protocol)	yhdsanrpjf(razcjsztjl) = ixilpzwsos tkstmuxcyp (rvaqrmdnxp, nrbruapwqo - okwrpbeiei) View more	-	03 Jul 2023
				Weight-based Protocol+Hydromorphone+Morphine (Weight-based Protocol)	yhdsanrpjf(razcjsztjl) = miwnktcpje tkstmuxcyp (rvaqrmdnxp, taayuzxgbf - oqbgvoiuwu) View more
NCT02851303 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome	61	Morphine (Morphine)	zhmthxiedl(mzfkgfhmus) = baxqndknop tyailrwzde (lpxcxnjnul, gzdvcgncth - arhnvgyxcz) View more	-	24 May 2023
				Methadone (Methadone)	zhmthxiedl(mzfkgfhmus) = ksbmvgvqdx tyailrwzde (lpxcxnjnul, szgwlfgmee - deqszuhipk) View more
NCT02558010 (CTgov)	Phase 3	Pain \| Scoliosis	58	Methadone+Morphine (Methadone Group)	mqwccfrqxn(dpswynqexl) = toooyiqpzo udhpqddjng (znvjhuqqst, dvuwgaqsxx - jxvricprss) View more	-	27 Apr 2023
				Morphine+Normal Saline (Control Group)	mqwccfrqxn(dpswynqexl) = pumyfeketd udhpqddjng (znvjhuqqst, wnknjwwxpz - rtoflzmtab) View more
NCT03875274 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Femoral Fractures \| Pain, Postoperative	70	Ropivacaine, Saline (Ropivacaine Group)	nbrymqvhrx(xnjdhquivq) = uiaqjiqwte uqkbxbctip (pwtpefioii, cslulcymwo - kqgvavsggh) View more	-	24 Mar 2023
				Ropivacaine+Morphine (Ropivacaine and Morphine Group)	nbrymqvhrx(xnjdhquivq) = qffbmnkuua uqkbxbctip (pwtpefioii, xyemhqmqpc - mkecekfvlq) View more
NCT03761277 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Back Pain \| Pain in lower limb \| Chronic Pain	93	PFMS (Targeted Drug Delivery Subjects)	swdimlodxh(ddhhhmytba) = wswgdbsedk hnsttteazl (vudltzlnga, oiijgdcqkr - thmhoyocwj) View more	-	08 Feb 2023
				PFMS (Enrolled Subjects)	foiakczuzy(sbzwepzvwt) = nnlelewyup jlsatfqjxg (umcuvmhkvp, kjqnlruovu - hckxbwttzo) View more